Dr. Michael A. Schen Profile

Dr. Michael A. Schen

Sr. Scientific Advisor to the Director at National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Dielectric relaxation studies of x2 dye containing polystyrene films

Michael Schen, Fred Mopsik

Proceedings Volume 1560, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50745

KEYWORDS: Dielectrics, Polymers, Molecules, Picosecond phenomena, Dielectric relaxation, Organic materials, Glasses, Dielectric dispersion, Electrodes, Second-harmonic generation

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The dielectric relaxation characteristics of narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene (PS) films containing the second order nonlinear optical dyes, 4-[N,N- dimethylamino]-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) and 4-[N-ethyl, N- hydroxyethylamino]-4'-nitroazobenzene (DR1), at a level of 0.19 mole percent, are reported using time domain dielectric spectrometry. Measurements ranging from 10-4 to 10+4 Hz have allowed us to closely examine sub-Tg dipolar losses that are associated with the dye. It is seen that the frequency range over which dye relaxations occur are similar to those characteristic of the sub-Tg (beta) transition of polystyrene though with grossly different dispersion amplitudes. The dye relaxation time activation energies are 131 kJ/mol and 79 kJ/mol for DANS and DR1 respectively. The dye relaxation amplitudes do not follow predicted T-1 behavior. Extremely broad dispersion curves imply a broad distribution of relaxation times. With physical aging, little change in (beta) amplitude is seen though a narrowing of the relaxation time distribution function seems to occur. Our results indicate that in a poling experiment with near ambient temperature aging, sub-Tg (beta) losses will account for losing 17 - 20% dye orientation within a matter of seconds after field removal. Relaxations occurring over longer times arise from a combination of (alpha) and (beta) losses.

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