Ms. Mildred A. Herrera Profile

Mildred A. Herrera

at Univ of Heidelberg

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

Photoacoustic monitoring of blood oxygenation during neurosurgical interventions

Thomas Kirchner, Janek Gröhl, Niklas Holzwarth, Mildred Herrera, Adrián Hernández-Aguilera, Edgar Santos, Lena Maier-Hein

Proceedings Volume 10878, 108780C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509608

KEYWORDS: Blood, Brain, Neuroimaging, Multispectral imaging, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Oxygen, Cerebral cortex, Hemodynamics, Ultrasonics

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Multispectral photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a prime modality to monitor hemodynamics and changes in blood oxygenation (sO₂). Although sO₂ changes can be an indicator of brain activity both in normal and in pathological conditions, PA imaging of the brain has mainly focused on small animal models with lissencephalic brains. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the usefulness of multispectral PA imaging in assessing sO₂ in a gyrencephalic brain. To this end, we continuously imaged a porcine brain as part of an open neurosurgical intervention with a handheld PA and ultrasonic (US) imaging system in vivo. Throughout the experiment, we varied respiratory oxygen and continuously measured arterial blood gases. The arterial blood oxygenation (SaO₂) values derived by the blood gas analyzer were used as a reference to compare the performance of linear spectral unmixing algorithms in this scenario. According to our experiment, PA imaging can be used to monitor sO₂ in the porcine cerebral cortex. While linear spectral unmixing algorithms are well-suited for detecting changes in oxygenation, there are limits with respect to the accurate quantification of sO₂, especially in depth. Overall, we conclude that multispectral PA imaging can potentially be a valuable tool for change detection of sO₂ in the cerebral cortex of a gyrencephalic brain. The spectral unmixing algorithms investigated in this work will be made publicly available as part of the open-source software platform Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK).

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