We investigate the relationship between an optical pulse shape and a time lens implemented by means of sinusoidal phase modulation. Based on this investigation, two schemes are proposed to obtain an optical frequency comb (OFC) with exceptionally high flatness and a large number of spectral lines by carving an optical pulse shape to result in a quasilinear chirp via a simple sinusoidal phase modulation technique. The first scheme utilizes an intensity modulator with a single-drive port or with dual-drive ports to carve a narrow pulse. The experimental results show very good spectral profiles with 38 OFC lines at 1.2-dB flatness and 53 lines at 1.5-dB flatness when the intensity modulator is combined with two and three phase modulators for sinusoidal phase modulation, respectively. The second scheme is implemented by replacing the intensity modulator by a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM). In this case, we obtain 35 OFC lines at nearly perfect flatness of less than 1 dB and 53 lines at 1.5-dB flatness after combining the DP-MZM with two and three phase modulators, respectively.
The accuracy of timing jitter is of prime importance in the prevalent utilization of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology for the real-time high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) image sensor, especially for relatively small object detection in various applications, such as in the fully automated car navigation and military surveillance. To assess the accuracy of timing, that is, the accuracy of the distance or three-dimensional shape, the standard deviation method can be used in the Time-of-Flight (ToF) LiDAR technology. While most timing jitter analyses are mainly based on a fiber-network or open space at a relatively short range distance, more accurate analyses are required to extract more information about the timing jitter at in a 3D image sensor long-range free space conditions for extended LiDAR-related applications.
In this paper, utilizing a Single-Shot LiDAR System (SSLs) model with a 400 MHz wideband InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode and a 1550 nm 2 nsec full width at half maximum MOPA fiber laser, we analyzed the precise timing jitter for the implemented SSLs to characterize the measurement results. Additionally, we report the enhanced results for the resolution and precision in the given SSLs using the spline interpolation method from the measured results, and multiple-shot averaging (MSA). Finally, by adapting the proposed method to an implemented high resolution 3D LiDAR prototype, called the STUD LiDAR prototype, which can be understood as one kind of SSLs because it has a single source and a single detector as in a SSLs, we observed and analyzed the 3D resolution enhancement.
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