The European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with the European Commission (EC) and EUMETSAT, is developing as part of the EC’s Copernicus programme, a space-borne observing system for quantification of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The anthropogenic CO2 monitoring (CO2M) mission will be implemented as a constellation of identical Low Earth Orbit satellites, to be operated over a nominal period of more than 7 years. Each satellite will continuously measure CO2 concentration in terms of column-averaged dry air mole fraction (denoted XCO2) along the satellite track on the sun-illuminated part of the orbit, with a swath width of 250 km. Observations will be provided at a spatial resolution < 2 x 2 km2, with high precision (< 0.7 ppm) and accuracy (bias < 0.5 ppm), which are required to resolve the small atmospheric gradients in XCO2 originating from anthropogenic activities. The demanding requirements necessitate a payload composed of three instruments, which simultaneously perform co-located measurements: a push-broom imaging spectrometer in the Near Infrared (NIR) and Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) for retrieving XCO2 and in the Visible spectral range (VIS) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a Multi Angle Polarimeter (MAP) and a three-band Cloud Imager (CLIM). Following the kick-off Mid 2020, the industrial activities have now passed the Satellite PDR allowing to enter in phase C/D. The paper will provide an overview of the space segment development achieved during the phase B2, including the platform, the payload activities as well as the end-to-end simulator. The preliminary design of the instruments on board the CO2M mission, the progress of the critical technological activities and the first results of the development models will be highlighted.
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