Prof. Nicolas S. Holliman Profile

Prof. Nicolas S. Holliman

at Newcastle Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Senior status | Conference Chair | Conference Program Committee | Editor | Author

Publications (28)

SPIE Conference Volume | April 10, 2015

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXVI

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 17, 2015

Assessing the benefits of stereoscopic displays to visual search: methodology and initial findings

Proc. SPIE. 9391, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXVI

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Visualization, Opacity, Databases, Image processing, X-rays, Software development, X-ray imaging, Stereoscopic displays, Information visualization

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 19, 2014

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 6, 2014

Interlopers 3D: experiences designing a stereoscopic game

Proc. SPIE. 9011, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXV

KEYWORDS: Reticles, Eye, 3D acquisition, Mechanics, Cameras, Glasses, Missiles, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, 3D image processing

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SPIE Journal Paper | March 4, 2014

Special Section Guest Editorial: Stereoscopic Displays and Applications

Holliman, Nicolas , Kawai, Takashi

JEI Vol. 23 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Stereoscopic displays, LCDs, Autostereoscopic displays, Visualization, Video, Televisions, Optical design, Optical components, Analytical research, Light sources

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 25, 2014

3D sound and 3D image interactions: a review of audio-visual depth perception

Proc. SPIE. 9014, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XIX

KEYWORDS: Displays, Eye, Visual process modeling, Visualization, Sensors, Visual system, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, 3D image processing, Information visualization

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SPIE Conference Volume | April 4, 2013

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXIV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 12, 2013

Stereoscopic game design and evaluation

Proc. SPIE. 8648, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXIV

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Cameras, Stereoscopy, Large screens, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, Information visualization, OpenGL, Brain

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 13, 2012

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXIII

SPIE Journal Paper | March 2, 2012

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications

Dodgson, Neil , Holliman, Nicolas

JEI Vol. 21 Issue 1

KEYWORDS: Stereoscopic displays, 3D displays, 3D image processing, Optical components, Stereoscopy, Algorithm development, 3D vision, Visual system, Visualization, Image processing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 15, 2011

Can the perception of depth in stereoscopic images be influenced by 3D sound?

Proc. SPIE. 7863, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXII

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Visualization, Head, Ear, 3D displays, Virtual reality, Stereoscopic displays, 3D image processing, Information visualization, Brain

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The creation of binocular images for stereoscopic display has benefited from significant research and commercial development in recent years. However, perhaps surprisingly, the effect of adding 3D sound to stereoscopic images has rarely been studied. If auditory depth information can enhance or extend the visual depth experience it could become an important way to extend the limited depth budget on all 3D displays and reduce the potential for fatigue from excessive use of disparity. Objective: As there is limited research in this area our objective was to ask two preliminary questions. First what is the smallest difference in forward depth that can be reliably detected using 3D sound alone? Second does the addition of auditory depth information influence the visual perception of depth in a stereoscopic image? Method: To investigate auditory depth cues we use a simple sound system to test the experimental hypothesis that: participants will perform better than chance at judging the depth differences between two speakers a set distance apart. In our second experiment investigating both auditory and visual depth cues we setup a sound system and a stereoscopic display to test the experimental hypothesis that: participants judge a visual stimulus to be closer if they hear a closer sound when viewing the stimulus. Results: In the auditory depth cue trial every depth difference tested gave significant results demonstrating that the human ear can hear depth differences between physical sources as short as 0.25 m at 1 m. In our trial investigating whether audio information can influence the visual perception of depth we found that participants did report visually perceiving an object to be closer when the sound was played closer to them even though the image depth remained unchanged. Conclusion: The positive results in the two trials show that we can hear small differences in forward depth between sound sources and suggest that it could be practical to extend the apparent depth in a stereoscopic image by using 3D sound, providing a controlled way to compensate for the depth budget limits on 3D displays.

SPIE Conference Volume | February 10, 2011

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXII

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 24, 2010

Cosmic origins: experiences making a stereoscopic 3D movie

Proc. SPIE. 7524, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXI

KEYWORDS: Eye, Switches, 3D acquisition, Sun, Visualization, Cameras, Glasses, Projection systems, 3D displays, Galactic astronomy

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Context: Stereoscopic 3D movies are gaining rapid acceptance commercially. In addition our previous experience with the short 3D movie "Cosmic Cookery" showed that there is great public interest in the presentation of cosmology research using this medium. Objective: The objective of the work reported in this paper was to create a three-dimensional stereoscopic movie describing the life of the Milky way galaxy. This was a technical and artistic exercise to take observed and simulated data from leading scientists and produce a short (six minute) movie that describes how the Milky Way was created and what happens in its future. The initial target audience was the visitors to the Royal Society's 2009 Summer Science Exhibition in central London, UK. The movie is also intended to become a presentation tool for scientists and educators following the exhibition. Apparatus: The presentation and playback systems used consisted of off-the shelf devices and software. The display platform for the Royal Society presentation was a RealD LP Pro switch used with a DLP projector to rear project a 4 metre diagonal image. The LP Pro enables the use of cheap disposable linearly polarising glasses so that the high turnover rate of the audience (every ten minutes at peak times) could be sustained without needing delays to clean the glasses. The playback system was a high speed PC with an external 8Tb RAID driving the projectors at 30Hz per eye, the Lightspeed DepthQ software was used to decode and generate the video stream. Results: A wide range of tools were used to render the image sequences, ranging from commercial to custom software. Each tool was able to produce a stream of 1080p images in stereo at 30fps. None of the rendering tools used allowed precise calibration of the stereo effect at render time and therefore all sequences were tuned extensively in a trial and error process until the stereo effect was acceptable and supported a comfortable viewing experience. Conclusion: We conclude that it is feasible to produce high quality 3D movies using off-the shelf equipment if care is taken to control the stereoscopic quality throughout the production process.

SPIE Conference Volume | February 15, 2010

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXI

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 19, 2009

Binocular coordination in response to stereoscopic stimuli

Proc. SPIE. 7237, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XX

KEYWORDS: Eye, Light emitting diodes, 3D acquisition, Visualization, Calibration, Photography, Visual system, 3D displays, Camera shutters, Information visualization

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 18, 2009

Using mental rotation to evaluate the benefits of stereoscopic displays

Proc. SPIE. 7237, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XX

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Eye, Cell phones, Statistical analysis, Glasses, Error analysis, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, Camera shutters, 3D image processing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 18, 2009

Evaluating methods for controlling depth perception in stereoscopic cinematography

Proc. SPIE. 7237, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XX

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Cameras, Stereoscopy, Video, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, Cinematography, 3D vision, 3D image processing

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Existing stereoscopic imaging algorithms can create static stereoscopic images with perceived depth control function to ensure a compelling 3D viewing experience without visual discomfort. However, current algorithms do not normally support standard Cinematic Storytelling techniques. These techniques, such as object movement, camera motion, and zooming, can result in dynamic scene depth change within and between a series of frames (shots) in stereoscopic cinematography. In this study, we empirically evaluate the following three types of stereoscopic imaging approaches that aim to address this problem. (1) Real-Eye Configuration: set camera separation equal to the nominal human eye interpupillary distance. The perceived depth on the display is identical to the scene depth without any distortion. (2) Mapping Algorithm: map the scene depth to a predefined range on the display to avoid excessive perceived depth. A new method that dynamically adjusts the depth mapping from scene space to display space is presented in addition to an existing fixed depth mapping method. (3) Depth of Field Simulation: apply Depth of Field (DOF) blur effect to stereoscopic images. Only objects that are inside the DOF are viewed in full sharpness. Objects that are far away from the focus plane are blurred. We performed a human-based trial using the ITU-R BT.500-11 Recommendation to compare the depth quality of stereoscopic video sequences generated by the above-mentioned imaging methods. Our results indicate that viewers' practical 3D viewing volumes are different for individual stereoscopic displays and viewers can cope with much larger perceived depth range in viewing stereoscopic cinematography in comparison to static stereoscopic images. Our new dynamic depth mapping method does have an advantage over the fixed depth mapping method in controlling stereo depth perception. The DOF blur effect does not provide the expected improvement for perceived depth quality control in 3D cinematography. We anticipate the results will be of particular interest to 3D filmmaking and real time computer games.

SPIE Conference Volume | February 12, 2009

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XX

SPIE Conference Volume | April 2, 2008

Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XIX

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 29, 2008

Stereoscopic image quality metrics and compression

Proc. SPIE. 6803, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XIX

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Image compression, Visual process modeling, Visualization, Spatial frequencies, Error analysis, Image analysis, Quality measurement, Image quality, Visual system

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 5, 2007

An application driven comparison of depth perception on desktop 3D displays

Proc. SPIE. 6490, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Glasses, Image resolution, LCDs, Optical resolution, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, Camera shutters, Diffusion tensor imaging

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SPIE Conference Volume | February 28, 2007

Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 27, 2006

Cosmic cookery: making a stereoscopic 3D animated movie

Proc. SPIE. 6055, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIII

KEYWORDS: Image compression, Visualization, Cameras, Image processing, Image resolution, 3D modeling, Stereoscopic cameras, 3D displays, Galactic astronomy, 3D image processing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 22, 2005

Smoothing region boundaries in variable depth mapping for real-time stereoscopic images

Proc. SPIE. 5664, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XII

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Detection and tracking algorithms, Visualization, Imaging systems, Cameras, Image quality, Stereoscopic cameras, Algorithm development, 3D displays, OpenGL

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 21, 2004

Mapping perceived depth to regions of interest in stereoscopic images

Proc. SPIE. 5291, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XI

KEYWORDS: Eye, Detection and tracking algorithms, Visualization, Cameras, Image quality, Stereoscopic cameras, Associative arrays, 3D displays, Stereoscopic displays, Computer graphics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 22, 2001

Controlling perceived depth in stereoscopic images

Proc. SPIE. 4297, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VIII

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Cameras, Control systems, Distortion, Head, LCDs, Stereoscopic cameras, Stereoscopic displays, OpenGL

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 15, 1997

Observer-tracking autostereoscopic 3D display systems

Proc. SPIE. 3012, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Displays, Eye, Image resolution, Image quality, LCDs, Micro optics, Flat panel displays, 3D displays, Autostereoscopic displays, Fiber optic illuminators

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 30, 1995

New autostereoscopic display system

Proc. SPIE. 2409, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Glasses, Video, Image resolution, Image quality, LCDs, 3D displays, Autostereoscopic displays, 3D image processing, Fiber optic illuminators

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