Dr. Paul D. LeVan Profile

Dr. Paul D. LeVan

Technical Advisor Infrared at Air Force Research Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Fellow status | Conference Program Committee | Conference Chair | Editor | Author

Publications (48)

SPIE Conference Volume | November 24, 2017

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VII

SPIE Conference Volume | November 28, 2016

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2016

LWIR pupil imaging and longer-term calibration stability

Proc. SPIE. 9974, Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Nonuniformity corrections, Imaging systems, Sensors, Calibration, Video, Infrared radiation, Motion estimation, Scene based nonuniformity corrections

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SPIE Conference Volume | October 27, 2015

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 28, 2015

LWIR pupil imaging and prospects for background compensation

Proc. SPIE. 9609, Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Nonuniformity corrections, Infrared imaging, Telescopes, Modulation, Imaging systems, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Infrared telescopes

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SPIE Conference Volume | October 30, 2014

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications IV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 7, 2014

Pupil imaging with a high sensitivity, LWIR focal plane array

Proc. SPIE. 9220, Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications IV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Control systems, Signal processing, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Integrated optics, Fresnel lenses

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SPIE Conference Volume | October 8, 2013

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications III

SPIE Journal Paper | March 4, 2013

Space-based hyperspectral technologies for the thermal infrared

LeVan, Paul

OE Vol. 52 Issue 06

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Infrared imaging, Black bodies, Staring arrays, Sensors, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared, Calibration, Mid-IR, Mercury cadmium telluride

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SPIE Conference Volume | September 26, 2012

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications II

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 31, 2012

Space-based hyperspectral technologies for the thermal infrared

Proc. SPIE. 8353, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Absorption

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Various approaches now exist for obtaining spectral imagery over a broad range of infrared wavelengths. One involves use of a single grating element in two grating orders with dualband focal plane array (FPA) technology -- an approach offering high efficiency over both the MWIR & LWIR, and obviating the need for separate focal plane arrays, dispersing elements, and optical beamsplitters. Another approach achieves similar results by exploiting an FPA having broad wavelength response with an innovative grating having useable efficiency extending beyond the single octave limits of traditional gratings. Significant advantages result in either case for space-based hyperspectral imagers, for which a reduction in cryo-cooled mass translates into prodigious savings in overall payload mass, cryo-cooling requirements, and waste heat removal. By contrast, longer term approaches might realize infrared "hyperspectral pixels" in 2-D imaging focal plane arrays. In this case, each pixel would detect different wavelengths of radiation at different depths, and the resulting "spectral photocurrents" would be transported to read-out circuitry through a vertical grid of electrical contacts. Although not yet realized in practice, the conceptual basis for accomplishing this with the widely-available HgCdTe detector material has been described. With regard to employment, space-based thermal hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is characterized by coarser ground resolution as a result of aperture diameter limitations and diffraction considerations at the longer infrared wavelengths. The resulting sub-pixel detections based on spectral signature are often complementary with higher resolution, shorter wavelength, panchromatic imagery. Overlapping fields-of-view between the two sensor types on the dayside of the earth enable simultaneous correlation of infrared spectral signatures with spatially-resolved scene features; data collects on the night-side are limited to the thermal hyperspectral images and would await correlations with high resolution visible imagery at the next daytime opportunity.

SPIE Conference Volume | September 16, 2011

Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications; and Single Photon Imaging II

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 26, 2010

HgCdTe LWIR p-on-n photodiodes formed by arsenic diffusion from the vapor phase

Proc. SPIE. 7780, Detectors and Imaging Devices: Infrared, Focal Plane, Single Photon

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Liquid phase epitaxy, Mercury cadmium telluride, Cadmium, Diffusion, Mercury, Doping, Photodiodes, Diodes, Arsenic

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 26, 2010

Electrical and optical characterization of InAs/GaSb-based nBn IR detector

Proc. SPIE. 7780, Detectors and Imaging Devices: Infrared, Focal Plane, Single Photon

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Infrared sensors, Mid-IR, Photodetectors, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Laser sintering, Temperature metrology

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SPIE Conference Volume | August 17, 2010

Detectors and Imaging Devices: Infrared, Focal Plane, Single Photon

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 28, 2009

On the optical dispersive properties of HgCdTe as a function of depth

Proc. SPIE. 7419, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology IV

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Long wavelength infrared, Thermography, Mid-IR, Mercury cadmium telluride, Data modeling, Sensors, Dispersion, Infrared radiation, Absorption

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 26, 2009

Hyperspectral pixels in 2D imaging FPAs?

Proc. SPIE. 7467, Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments III

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Hyperspectral imaging, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sun, Sensors, Calibration, Photons, Spectrometers, Black bodies, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | August 20, 2009

Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology IV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 3, 2008

Mid-wave and long-wave infrared dualband megapixel QWIP focal plane array

Proc. SPIE. 7082, Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XVI

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Detector arrays, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 27, 2008

Dualband infrared imaging spectrometer: observations of the moon

Proc. SPIE. 7055, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Sun, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Black bodies

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SPIE Conference Volume | August 26, 2008

Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 23, 2008

Development of megapixel dual-band QWIP focal plane array

Proc. SPIE. 6940, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Cameras, Sensors, Metals, Gallium arsenide, Detector arrays, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 16, 2008

Progress on characterization of a dualband IR imaging spectrometer

Proc. SPIE. 6940, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Spectral calibration, Solids, Black bodies

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 9, 2008

Toward very large format infrared detector arrays

Proc. SPIE. 6800, Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics, and Nanotechnology IV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Detector arrays, Semiconducting wafers, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2007

Toward 16 megapixel focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 6660, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology II

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Detector arrays, Infrared radiation, Semiconducting wafers, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2007

Demonstration of a dual-band IR imaging spectrometer

Proc. SPIE. 6660, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology II

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Sun, Polymers, Spectroscopy, Composites, Black bodies, Infrared radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 14, 2007

Toward dualband megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 6542, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Detector arrays, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 2, 2007

Extending hyperspectral capabilities with dualband infrared focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 6479, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Diffraction, Optical filters, Sensors, Spectrometers, Computer generated holography, Infrared radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 7, 2006

Non-scanning dual infrared band hyperspectral imaging spectrometer design

Proc. SPIE. 6295, Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VIII

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Diffraction, Optical design, Imaging systems, Sensors, Computer generated holography, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 19, 2006

Imaging sensor and electronics assembly for a responsive space experiment

Proc. SPIE. 6220, Spaceborne Sensors III

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Optical filters, Electronics, Imaging systems, Sensors, Image sensors, Space telescopes, Space operations, Filtering (signal processing)

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 31, 2005

Multicolor megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays for remote sensing instruments

Proc. SPIE. 5983, Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology V

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Imaging systems, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Quantum efficiency, Modulation transfer functions, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 31, 2005

1024x1024 pixel MWIR and LWIR QWIP focal plane arrays and 320x256 MWIR:LWIR pixel colocated simultaneous dualband QWIP focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 5783, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Modulation transfer functions, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 25, 2005

Megapixel QWIP focal plane array and 320x256 pixel colocated mid-wave and long-wave dual-band QWIP focal plane array

Proc. SPIE. 5732, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II

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SPIE Journal Paper | December 1, 2004

3.5- to 12-µm dual-band spectrometer

LeVan, Paul , Maestas, Diana

OE Vol. 43 Issue 12

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Spectroscopy, Black bodies, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Calibration, Imaging systems, Infrared radiation, Sensors, Infrared imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 21, 2004

Perspectives on dualband infrared focal plane array efforts

Proc. SPIE. 5563, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Mercury cadmium telluride, Imaging systems, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Infrared radiation, Multiplexers, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 21, 2004

MWIR and LWIR megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 5563, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Quantum wells, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Quantum efficiency, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Temperature metrology

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 21, 2004

HDVIP for low-background-flux and high-operating-temperature applications

Proc. SPIE. 5563, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Liquid phase epitaxy, Mercury cadmium telluride, Metals, Silicon, Diffusion, Mercury, Doping, Diodes

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 30, 2004

Mid-wavelength infrared 1024x1024 pixel QWIP focal plane array

Proc. SPIE. 5406, Infrared Technology and Applications XXX

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Reflectors, Quantum wells, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Quantum efficiency, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Temperature metrology

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 12, 2004

The 2002 SEEWG FPA roadmap

Proc. SPIE. 5167, Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Defense and security, Data modeling, Aerospace engineering, Imaging systems, Sensors, Manufacturing, Charge-coupled devices, Cryogenics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 23, 2003

IRFPA development for ballistic missile defense needs

Proc. SPIE. 4820, Infrared Technology and Applications XXVIII

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Staring arrays, Defense and security, Photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Silicon, Missiles, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Laser sintering

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 8, 2002

Novel three-octave infrared hyperspectral imaging with a single multiwaveband FPA

Proc. SPIE. 4816, Imaging Spectrometry VIII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Signal to noise ratio, Hyperspectral imaging, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Short wave infrared radiation, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Infrared radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 17, 2002

Multioctave spectral imaging in the infrared: a newly emerging approach

Proc. SPIE. 4480, Imaging Spectrometry VII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Signal to noise ratio, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Sensors, Photons, Spectrometers, Imaging spectroscopy, Infrared radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 17, 2001

Recent developments and applications of quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 4413, International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000: Epilayers and Heterostructures in Optoelectronics and Semiconductor Technology

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared imaging, Quantum wells, Cameras, Sensors, Electrons, Gallium arsenide, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 17, 2000

Recent developments and applications of quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays

Proc. SPIE. 4028, Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VI

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Quantum wells, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Infrared radiation, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 1999

8- to 9-um and 14- to 15-um two-color 640x486 GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array camera

Proc. SPIE. 3698, Infrared Technology and Applications XXV

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Reflectors, Cameras, Sensors, Gallium arsenide, Quantum efficiency, Black bodies, Multiplexers, Quantum well infrared photodetectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 13, 1996

Sensor suite for the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) 3.6-m telescope

Proc. SPIE. 2819, Imaging Spectrometry II

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Imaging systems, Sensors, Control systems, Space telescopes, Infrared radiation, Radiometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 6, 1995

Starfire optical range long-wavelength infrared acquisition camera: initial performance report

Proc. SPIE. 2475, Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Germanium, Composites, Cryogenics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 1994

128x128-pixel long-wavelength infrared acquisition camera

Proc. SPIE. 2217, Aerial Surveillance Sensing Including Obscured and Underground Object Detection

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Long wavelength infrared, Telescopes, Mirrors, Cameras, Satellites, Data acquisition, Detector arrays, Target acquisition, Signal detection

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