KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Signal detection, Absorption spectrum, Sensors, Environmental sensing, Environmental monitoring, Temperature metrology, Calibration, Gas sensors, Signal processing
With the rapid development of industry, the content of greenhouse gases such as CH4 in the atmosphere is increasing, which has a certain impact on human production and life. Therefore, high-precision gas detection has been a research hotspot in the field of gas sensing, but the temperature and pressure changes in the environment will affect the line shape of the gas absorption spectra, resulting in errors in gas concentration monitoring. This paper presents a temperature-pressure compensation algorithm. Firstly, the temperature and pressure compensation coefficients under different ambient temperatures and pressures are obtained by simulation. Then, the temperature and pressure of the ambient gas are monitored, and the detection signal is compensated in real time. Finally, the monitored gas concentration is calculated according to the linear relationship between the detection signal amplitude and the gas concentration. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the gas detection system is significantly improved after using the compensation algorithm to compensate for the signal amplitude. Taking the measurement of 2 ppm CH4 concentration as an example, the maximum error of CH4 concentration obtained after using the temperature-pressure compensation algorithm is 5%, while the maximum error of CH4 concentration obtained without using the temperature-pressure compensation algorithm is 9.5%. The system was also utilized for long-term stability monitoring of 2 ppm CH4, and the concentration fluctuation of the system was only 0.04 ppm. According to theoretical and experimental proofs, the monitoring stability of the TDLAS gas sensing system can be effectively improved and the monitoring error can be reduced by this temperature-pressure compensation algorithm.
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has emerged as a paramount technology for high-precision gas concentration measurement. However, due to the significant influence of temperature changes on the gas absorption spectrum, the system's detection accuracy is substantially compromised. This paper explores a temperature-independent calibration concentration compensation method for TDLAS technology, aiming to mitigate measurement errors in gas concentration under unknown temperature conditions. Initially, the paper introduces the basic principles of the gas detection based on TDLAS technology. Subsequently, the theory of temperature-independent calibration concentration compensation method based on TDLAS is emphasized. Lastly, taking methane gas as an example, based on the HITRAN database, the absorption spectra of trace methane gas with a concentration of 10×10-6 is simulated at temperatures ranging from 243K to 323K. Two relationship equations are fitted for absorption intensity and the HWHM (half-width at halfmaximum) at different temperatures, yielding determination coefficients (R2) of 0.9999 and 0.9995, respectively. Therefore, we verify the rationality of the method. The results show that the gas concentration can be inverted and compensated by calculating the absorption degree and temperature of the gas absorption spectrum and combining the relationship between temperature and the HWHM of the absorption spectrum. Compared to traditional temperature calibration compensation methods, the novel method not only reduces the costs and complexity of the gas detection system, but also has certain reference significance for improving the accuracy of TDLAS gas detection and system miniaturization.
Multi-component gases are a typical form of practical field measurement environment, and the issue of cross-interference between multi-component gases can significantly impact the precision of detection results. Multi-component gas detection is a promising use of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), an optical technology with wavelength tunability, high selectivity, and multi-component detection capabilities. This paper describes the reasons and correction methods for the cross-interference phenomenon of multi-component gases, introduces several multi-component gas detection algorithms based on TDLAS technology, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms as well as their scope of application, and aims to provide a reference for the cross-interference correction technology of multi-component gas detection.
KEYWORDS: Beam path, Signal detection, Light absorption, Signal generators, Thermoelasticity, Sensors, Optical gas detection, Modulation, Gas sensors, Fiber lasers
In recent years, gas sensors are widely used in military and civilian fields. Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy (LITES) plays an important role in trace gas sensing. This paper focuses on our recent work to improve the performance of the LITES gas detection system. Firstly, a LITES gas detection system based on a novel QTF-self-difference technique was proposed. The Distributed Feedback Laser Diode (DFB-LD) was internally driven by a low-frequency scanning signal and externally modulated by a high-frequency modulated signal using an Acousto-Optic Modulator (AOM). The output laser was divided into two laser beams by a fiber coupler and irradiated from both sides of the QTF, and the signal was measured using the light-induced thermoelastic properties of the QTF. The results showed that the system can reduce the noise of the LITES system and has a good linear response. Secondly, a long-path LITES gas sensor using a high-power Q-switched fiber laser was reported. The LITES gas detection system signal was enhanced by increasing the laser power and absorption optical path. The sensor achieved a Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) of 6.1 ppb at the integration time of 48 s. Finally, a comprehensive dual-spectroscopy detection technique based on LITES and Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) using a quartz tuning fork was demonstrated. The system utilized a dual-spectrum detection structure to enhance the detection sensitivity. The system was tested for C2H2, and the results showed that the system has superior detection performance compared to conventional detection systems.
A methane leakage monitoring system based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) is proposed in this manuscript. We use our methane leakage monitoring system for methane detection at the wavelength of 1650.961 nm. This system has a minimum detection limit of 62.8 ppm·m and a good linear response (R-square = 0.997). We also simulated methane leakage, and the results show that our system has the ability to monitor methane leakage.
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique has been widely investigated for gas concentration measurement in both industry and laboratory. In order to detect different gases within the multi-gas mixture based on TDLAS, different types of schemes have been developed, such as wavelength division multiplexing, time division multiplexing and so on. However, there are many drawbacks of the above methods, such as the slope of normalized baseline restricted the sensitivity and accuracy, the effect of cross-talking interferences becomes a technical bottleneck for multi-gas detection. Therefore, a high sensitive synchronous detection technology for multi-gas detection using the multiple linear regression analysis method is reported. The wavenumber of 4291cm-1 has been selected to detect CO and CH4. Several characteristic points are selected to establish multiple linear regression equations, then the concentrations of CH4 and CO can be calculated, and the baseline can also be obtained simultaneously. The Allan variance results indicate that the optimal integration time has been improved to ~60s, the minimum measurement precision of CH4 and CO is ~0.58% and ~0.41×10-6 respectively. Meanwhile, the detection cost and response time can be reduced obviously
Quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a high performance trace gas detection technique that plays an important role in food safety, pollution monitoring and breath analysis applications. It is well known that the sensitivity of QEPAS gas detection system is proportional to excitation laser power and thus the performance of QEPAS-based sensors can benefit from the high output power levels achieved as a result of technology developments by the high power laser. This paper mainly introduces three kinds of QEPAS gas sensor based on fiber-ring laser.
The laser methane remote sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology uses open optical path instead of traditional absorption chamber to achieve zero-contact long-distance gas detection. It has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, fast response speed and large detection range. It can be applied to gas leakage monitoring places such as stations of urban natural gas pipeline network, transportation pipelines, underground comprehensive pipe corridors and industrial oil and gas drilling and production safety fields. This paper mainly introduces two kinds of laser methane remote sensor based on TDLAS, which are fixed reflection laser methane telemetry and echo reflection laser methane telemetry.
KEYWORDS: Image restoration, Reconstruction algorithms, In vivo imaging, Image quality, Signal to noise ratio, 3D projection, Optical engineering, Tunable filters, Image enhancement, 3D image processing
Optical projection tomography (OPT) is an advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology, which uses the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm to recover the 3D volume with sufficient number of projections. As to in vivo imaging, it is urgent to reduce the number of projections because the acquisition time could be minimized. However, reconstructing from undersampled OPT data can lead to artifacts and the decline in image quality. The simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) is introduced to remove artifacts and improve the image quality. The image qualities reconstructed from FBP and SIRT separately are compared, and the structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio are calculated. Through simulated phantoms and OPT data of in vivo zebrafish embryo, SIRT consistently outperforms FBP in terms of reduced artifacts and enhanced image contrast especially when the projection numbers are reduced. SIRT method can provide high-quality reconstruction with 50 or fewer projections, thereby significantly reducing the minimum acquisition time and light dose while maintaining reconstruction quality. Through optimization and GPU acceleration, the SIRT algorithm can converge faster so as to reduce the image processing time. To our knowledge, this is the first time one SIRT algorithm is used for reconstruction of sparse OPT data. The experimental results show that SIRT algorithm outperform FBP especially when the number of projections is reduced. In addition, SIRT performs better in the preservation of vascular signal, which is significant for the monitoring of angiogenesis.
The ultimate detection limits based on gas absorption detection techniques are always of interest to researchers. Regardless of the detection limits established by various systems, gas absorption itself has an unbreakable constraint, namely the inherent limit (IL), which refers to the theoretical limit when only one gas molecule can participate in the absorption in the lower-state level. When the number of molecules in the lower-state is extended to n, the number of molecules of the absorbed species on effective optical path is considered as n·IL. This phenomenon is interpreted as the absorption quantization, and IL is considered as the smallest unit of quantization. The IL obtained by establishing a certain theoretical analysis can be determined under a definite detection conditions, such as absorbed species, specific absorption transition, temperature. The R(76) line near 2390.522470 cm-1 of CO2 and P(7) line near 2115.628975 cm-1 of CO are chosen to explore IL at different temperatures and corresponding absorption. Furthermore, a constructive method has been proposed to change the IL.
Fast and accurate on-line monitoring and early warning of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases is an important part of ensuring industrial and agricultural production safety and residents' safety. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) plays an important role in trace gas sensing. Researchers are focusing on improving the performance of PAS-based gas sensors to satisfy different applications. This paper mainly introduces our recent work on improving the performance of photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection system.
The recent research progress of the Shandong University research group on the performance improvement of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) fiber gas sensor is presented in this paper. The artificial absorption peak technology and the balanced ratiometric detector (BRD) technology are developed to improve the resolution of the TDLAS fiber optical gas sensor. The method for eliminating background absorption interference, the reliability study and the elimination technology of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) are studied to improve the accuracy of the TDLAS fiber optical gas sensor. We will continue to conduct the next investigation and research in this field on the basis of existing theories and technologies.
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