The droplet shape in the process of droplet dropping can embodies the fundamental intrinsic properties of droplet, which
can be used to identify the characteristics of liquid types. A new method is proposed by using Moment characters-
Fourier descriptor to analysis the information of droplet dropping image. Data of the droplet profile changing is collected
through the CCD camera. Moment characters sequence is calculated to represent the shape. The sequence is given
Fourier counterchanges and normalized. The feature descriptor carries the liquid image features and unique information
of liquid.
Liquid drop fingerprint can be obtained through fiber-capacitive drop analysis technology as the fiber signal changes
with the drop volume which can be represented by the capacitive signal during the drop growth. However, if the fiber or
capacitive signals are filtered by the normal low-pass filter method, the fingerprint would be distorted because of the
capacitive signal's saw-tooth style and fiber signal's periodically abrupt property. In the paper the subsection-filtering
method is explored and analyzed, in which firstly separates the signals according to drop growth period and then filters
every subsection respectively. Experiments improves that it is an effective way to solve the signal distortion problem,
which usually happens when filters the fiber or capacitive signal during the signal mutation period.
The error source of the external diameter measurement system based on the double optical path parallel light projection
method are the non-parallelism of the double optical path, aberration distortion of the projection lens, the edge of the
projection profile of the cylinder which is affected by aperture size of the illuminating beam, light intensity variation and
the counting error in the circuit. The screw pair drive is applied to achieve the up-and-down movement in the system.
The precision of up-and-down movement mainly lies on the Abbe Error which is caused by the offset between the
centerline and the mobile line of the capacitive-gate ruler, the heeling error of the guide mechanism, and the error which
is caused by the dilatometric change of parts resulted from the temperature change. Rotary mechanism is achieved by
stepper motor and gear drive. The precision of the rotary mechanism is determined by the stepping angle error of the
stepper motor, the gear transmission error, and the heeling error of the piston relative to the rotation axis. The method of
error modification is putting a component in the optical path to get the error curve, which is then used in the
point-by-point modification by software compensation.
The modulated coupled infrared light is injected into the liquid drop by a source fiber positioned in the drop head and is
collected by a detector fiber on the opposite side after various reflection, refraction and absorption of the optical signal
inside the drop. Capacitive drop sensor uses the drop head as one of its plate and a cylindrical ring plate, which
surrounds the drop head and the space occupied by the formed drop, as another. Based on the capacitance changes, the
instant drop volume can be obtained during its growth. Fiber-capacitive drop sensor will be introduced concretely in this
paper, including its working principle, mathematical model, and the structure design of drop head.
The optoelectronic liquid drop fingerprint (OLDF) can be constructed by merging the fiber signal and the capacitive
signal, which shows a very fruitful source of information on the bulk properties of the tested liquids, and it is unique and
definite for a certain liquid under certain conditions. Therefore OLDF is favorable for fine discrimination among
different liquids. There are some visible differences for different liquids in the same experimental system, such as the
output fiber voltage (or the light intensity), the output capacitor voltage (or the drop volume), the peak height and the
profile of fingerprint, and the curve area surrounded by the fingerprint and the axis. So waveform analysis method and
calculated parameters characterizing waveform are employed for feature extraction to identify different liquids. In this
paper, the conception of waveform parameters and software algorithm are described in detail, and the resolution of the
parameters is analyzed and compared base on experimental data of samples.
KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Signal processing, Imaging systems, Telecommunications, Video, Optical testing, Data processing, Fiber optic illuminators, Video processing, Temperature metrology
The principle of the double parallel light path projection method is to image the workpiece' right and left edges onto two
CCDs respectively, through two parallel light paths. Then the workpiece's external diameter can be obtained by
calculating the length of the photosensitive units on the shadow field of the two CCDs, plus to the distance between two
parallel light paths. In this way, double light path measurement system enlarges the measurement range while ensuring
the measurement accuracy. To obtain exactly the result, the video signal output by CCD should be first filtered and
amplified, then binary-value processed and at last pulse filled and counted. In the mechanical design of the system, screw
pair drive is applied to achieve the up-and-down movement. Its precision mainly lies on the Abbe Error caused by the
offset between the centerline and the mobile line of the capacitive-gate ruler, the heeling error of the guide mechanism,
and the error caused by the dilatometric change of parts resulted from the temperature change. Rotary mechanism is
achieved by stepper motor and gear drive. Its precision is determined by the stepping angle error of the stepper motor, the
gear transmission error, and the heeling error of the piston relative to the rotation axis. The software mainly includes
serial communication interface program, elevator motor control program, rotating motor control program, data
processing program and error modification program.
The principle of parallel light projection method for diameter measurement is to image the workpiece on the photosensitive units of CCD by parallel light. The object size can be obtained according to the shadow area projected on CCD. Considering the limitation of the lens' caliber and the effective length of CCD, the single light path system is incapable to measure a large size. Hence the double light paths method is presented. The left and right edges of the workpiece are respectively imaged on two CCDs. The diameter is achieved by calculating the length of the shadow field on two CCDs, plus to the distance between two parallel light paths. In order to make the object illuminance uniform, and to diminish the influence of optical errors on the measurement accuracy, the Kohler telecentric illumination system and the object plane telecentric imaging system are applied. The parallel light projection method with double light paths can amplify the measurement range while ensuring the measurement accuracy. The optical measurement theory, the parameter design and adjustment of the system will be introduced in detail.
KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Signal processing, Signal detection, Video, Human-machine interfaces, Electronic filtering, Filtering (signal processing), Linear filtering, Data acquisition, Light
Parallel light projection method for the diameter measurement is to project the workpiece to be measured on the
photosensitive units of CCD, but the original signal output from CCD cannot be directly used for counting or
measurement. The weak signal with high-frequency noise should be filtered and amplified firstly. This paper introduces
RC low-pass filter and multiple feed-back second-order low-pass filter with infinite gain. Additionally there is always
dispersion on the light band and the output signal has a transition between the irradiant area and the shadow, because of
the instability of the light source intensity and the imperfection of the light system adjustment. To obtain exactly the
shadow size related to the workpiece diameter, binary-value processing is necessary to achieve a square wave.
Comparison method and differential method can be adopted for binary-value processing. There are two ways to decide
the threshold value when using voltage comparator: the fixed level method and the floated level method. The latter has a
high accuracy. Deferential method is to output two spike pulses with opposite pole by the rising edge and the failing edge
of the video signal related to the differential circuit firstly, then the rising edge of the signal output from the differential
circuit is acquired by half-wave rectifying circuit. After traveling through the zero passing comparator and the maintain-
resistance edge trigger, the square wave which indicates the measured size is acquired at last. And then it is used for
filling through standard pulses and for counting through the counter. Data acquisition and information processing is
accomplished by the computer and the control software. This paper will introduce in detail the design and analysis of the
filter circuit, binary-value processing circuit and the interface circuit towards the computer.
A study on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measuring method is reported, in which the COD value is measured by an integrated liquid drop monitor sensor without any reagent and chemical treatment. The integrated drop sensor consists of a liquid head, an integrated fiber sensor and a capacitor sensor. The capacitor sensor is composed of a drop head and a ring electrode. As the part of the drop head, the outline of the drop will be changed during the drop forming, which result in the variation of the capacitance. The fiber sensor is composed of two fibers that are positioned into the liquid drop. The light signal goes into the liquid drop from one fiber and out from the other one. A unique fingerprint of the liquid drop can be got by the data processing. The matching between the COD value of a liquid and the codes of the fingerprints in the database are presented and discussed.
The drop profile is one of the evident differences for different liquids. An image drop sensor is developed for capturing the drop profile images real-timely in various stages during the drop growth. The drop head for forming the uniform and satiated liquid drop is designed. The original profile records of pure water and 100% ethanol during their drop growth will be presented. Edge extraction methods on drop profile are discussed. Curve fitting based on third-order polynomial linear regression is used to mathematically describe the detected edge curves of the drop profile in sequential drop formation.
An on-line operation of micro-spectrometer and liquid drop analyzer is proposed in this paper. Comparing with a full spectral range spectrometer system, a micro-spectrometer has narrow spectral range that results in its inefficiency or inability in qualitative analysis of a mixed liquid since more than one function group of the mixed liquid might cause a peak or valley in the spectrogram at almost the same wavelength. A liquid drop analyzer (LDA) is an instrument that detects the characters of a liquid by monitoring its drop forming process. The LDA gives a fingerprint that is unique for certain liquid due to its specific chemical, physical and mechanical characters. An approach of combining micro-spectrometer with a fiber drop analyzer, by which a virtual 3D liquid fingerprint is formed, is described and it functions like a full range spectrum. The signals obtained from the micro-spectrometer and liquid drop analyzer, the method of on-line operation and database setting up, the experimental device and test results are described and discussed in the paper.
An optical liquid drop sensor(OLDS) which can be used to distinguish different liquids is presented in this paper. The main block ofthis system are a light path and a drop-forming head sensor. We can gain three kinds ofiniormation about the liquid to be measured with this OLDS system. That is optical signal representing light intensity information, electrical signal revealing volume information ofthe liquid drop and spectral signal displaying ingredient information of the liquid individually. Colligate this three kinds of information and after data-processing the fingerprint of the measured liquid can be derived. Due to different characteristics of various liquids, the fingerprint of one liquid differs from that of others. This difference has been proved through experiment. Thus the OLDS is valuable for the discrimination of different liquids and the measurement ofthe liquid's parameters.
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