Using lithographic patterning techniques, normally we aim for the integration of structural elements into a more
complex apparatus, which can be at various length scales, for example hand-held equipment. Nanoscale fabricated
pillars, holes or wires have shown unique properties already and ordering these in specific arrangements
results in novel phenomena normally not present in natural occuring materials. Such materials are called nanoarrays.
Engineered nanoarrays belong therefore to the class of metamaterials. One example of a metamaterial
is a material with a negative refractive index created by design of artificial structure. These exciting material
properties bring about also new opportunities for applications. A functional device or system demanding some
level of ordering in a material also requires a carefully designed manufacturing process. Here, we will present
an overview of nanolithographic techniques for oxide nanoarrays. Bio-inspired templated nanoarrays will be
described in perspective to other nanolithography techniques. These nanostructures can deliver new functionality,
too. Moreover, (nano)structured materials can deliver specific functionality at the interface with biological
material. Developing these materials, subsequently, we can look for medical applications where the properties of
oxide nanoarrays are explored. Photonic crystals, for example, can be applied in medical diagnostic devices. In
this paper, therefore oxide nanoarrays are introduced and the emerging technology for modification and tuning
of medical device performance utilizing oxide nanoarrays is discussed.
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