Mr. Richard F. Kerr Profile

Richard F. Kerr

Predoctoral Fellow at Univ of Rochester

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2003 Paper

Velocity envelope of vector flow estimation with spatial quadrature

Richard Kerr, Martin Anderson

Proceedings Volume 5035, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479913

KEYWORDS: Apodization, Doppler effect, Point spread functions, Motion estimation, Modulation, Tissues, Spatial frequencies, Ultrasonography, Computer simulations, Scanners

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We present the results of two studies investigating the optimal aperture configuration for maximized lateral blood flow velocity estimation using Heterodyned Spatial Quadrature. Our objective was to determine the maximum velocities that can be estimated at Doppler angles of 90 degrees and 60 degrees with a bias of less than 5% for both uniform scatterer motion in a tissue-mimicking phantom and blood-mimicking fluid circulated through a wall-less vessel flow phantom. Constant flow rates ranging from 3.0 to 18.0 ml/sec were applied in the flow phantom, producing expected peak velocities of 15.0 to 89.8 cm/sec under laminar flow conditions. Velocity estimates were obtained at each flow rate using 256 trials, with each trial consisting of an ensemble of 32 vectors. For an f/1 receive geometry with bi-lobed Hamming apodization, all peak flow velocities tested were estimated to within 5% of their expected values for both 90 degree and 60 degree Doppler angles. An f/2 receive geometry featuring bi-lobed Blackman apodization generally provided accurate lateral velocity estimates up to 71.9 cm/sec for a Doppler angle of 90 degrees, and accurate lateral component estimates up to 50.1 cm/sec for a 60 degree Doppler angle. The implications of these findings will be discussed.

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