The brain and the human nervous system are perhaps the most researched but least understood components of the
human body. This is so because of the complex nature of its working and the high density of functions. The monitoring
of neural signals could help one better understand the working of the brain and newer recording and monitoring
methods have been developed ever since it was discovered that the brain communicates internally by means of electrical
pulses. Neuroelectronics is the field which deals with the interface between electronics or semiconductors to living
neurons. This includes monitoring of electrical activity from the brain as well as the development of feedback devices
for stimulation of parts of the brain for treatment of disorders. In this paper these electrical signals are modeled through
a nano/microelectrode arrays based on the electronic equivalent model using Cadence PSD 15.0. The results were
compared with those previously published models such as Kupfmuller and Jenik's model, McGrogan's Neuron Model
which are based on the Hodgkin and Huxley model. We have developed and equivalent circuit model using discrete
passive components to simulate the electrical activity of the neurons. The simulated circuit can be easily be modified by
adding some more ionic channels and the results can be used to predict necessary external stimulus needed for
stimulation of neurons affected by the Parkinson's disease (PD). Implementing such a model in PD patients could
predict the necessary voltages required for the electrical stimulation of the sub-thalamus region for the control tremor
motion.
The fabrication of hetero-structured vertically aligned nanowire arrays and enzyme immobilization on their surface is presented for a glucose sensor with high sensitivity. Hetero-structured nanowires of gold and platinum are fabricated by hybrid polycarbonate membrane assembly and electrochemical deposition processes and glucose oxidase are attached on their surface by covalent immobilization. Platinum and gold hetero-structured nanoelectrodes with enzyme are evaluated to detect hydrogen peroxide produced in the enzyme reaction without the need for the artificial redox mediator, which is not viable on a homogenous gold electrode. Chronoamperometric current behavior is demonstrated with various concentrations from 0.5 mM to 28 mM. In this research, the combination of enzyme immobilization and sensing surfaces on nanowire arrays has shown superior performance with regards to the sensitivity and response time.
Recent advances in nanotechnology have stimulated a renewed interest in multisite recording of electrical activity of
network of neurons, particularly using nanobiomaterials. This paper presents the simulation of electrical response of
neurons cultured on microelectrode arrays based on the electronic equivalent model using Cadence PSD 15.0. The
results were compared with those previously published models such as Kupfmuller and Jenik's model, McGrogan's
Neuron Model which are based on the Hodgkin and Huxley model. We have developed and equivalent circuit model
using discrete passive components to simulate the electrical activity of the neurons. It is observed that present equivalent
model gives more accurate results with short computation time.
This paper reports on device fabrication and applications using vertically aligned nanowires (VANW) grown on silicon and flexible polyimide substrates. For bio hazards sensing applications, a tin oxide thin film was coated on the surface of nanowires to utilize high surface area density of nanostructured platform. Device fabrication processes include current silicon technology including lithography, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and sol-gel process. The crystalline structure and sensing characteristics of tin oxide after annealing process were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance monitoring at different concentration of isopropyl alcohol at part per million (ppm) levels. In addition, gold nanowires grown on flexible polyimide substrates were demonstrated, which can be used for a wide variety of applications including biomedical, display, and communication devices based on flexibility and transparency.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.