In August 2005, numerous test events were conducted in Narragansett Bay (under adverse, moderate, and high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) conditions) to validate shallow-water acoustic-based detection, localization, and ranging algorithms against surface craft and divers. These measurements were completed at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport's Broadband Ocean Acoustic Laboratory, which is a shallow-water development facility for evolving acoustic and light-based technologies that are of interest to the U.S. Navy in areas such as Force Defense and Port and Harbor Security. It is shown that relatively common ambient environmental conditions in Narragansett Bay (such as wind speeds greater than 15 knots) create adverse acoustic conditions and generally poor target detection performance. As expected, the acoustic-based algorithms performed well at moderate to high values of SNR.
Acoustic vector sensors measure the acoustic pressure and three orthogonal components of the acoustic particle acceleration at a single point in space. These sensors, and arrays composed of them, have a number of advantages over traditional hydrophone arrays. This includes full azimuth/elevation angle estimation, even with a single sensor. It is of interest to see how in-water vector sensor performance matches theoretical bounds. A series of experiments designed to characterize the performance of vector sensors operating in shallow water was conducted to assess sensor mounting techniques, and evaluate the sensor's ability to measure bearing and elevation angles to a source as a function of waveform characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio.
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