One of the most interesting aspects of art holography is the study of 3D holographic image. Over the centuries, artists have chased the best way to represent the third dimension as similar to reality as possible. Several steps have been given in this direction, first using perspective, then photography, and later with movies, but all of these representations of reality wouldn’t reach the complete objective. The realism of a 3D representation on a 2D support (paper, canvas, celluloid) is completely overcome by holography. In spite of the fact that the holographic plate or film is also a 2D support, the holographic image is a recording of all the information of the object contained in light. Our perception doesn’t need to translate the object as real. It is real. Though immaterial, the holographic image is real because it exists in light. The same parallax, the same shape. The representation is no more an imitation of reality but a replacement of the real object or scene. The space where it exists is a space of illusion and multiple objects can occupy the same place in the hologram, depending on the viewer's time and place. This introduces the fourth dimension in the hologram: time, as well as the apparent conflict between the presence and the absence of images, which is just possible in holography.
Authors writing about the portrait insist on the status of extending the model image portrayed beyond the absence and
even death. The portrait also has this ability and suggests immortality. The picture suspends the time, making the absent
present.
The portrait has been, over time, one of the themes mostly used in art. No wonder that in holography it is an important
subject as well. The face is a body area of privileged communication and expression. It expresses emotions through
looks, smiles, movements and expressions. Being Holography, so far, the recording technology that represents the object
most similar to the original, with the same parallax, we may fall into a mimetic representation of reality. On Art
Holography even by following paths already traversed, the resulting holograms are always different because of the
unique concept that each artist-holographer puts into his work. As with any other artistic technology, each artist uses the
medium differently and with different results.
The different concepts of artistic holography have contributed to the development of new ways of understanding reality.
Holography makes it possible to express different visions of the recorded subject. In this work, from a primary portrait
recorded with a pulsed ruby laser, a new kind of portrait will be created. The extremely realistic image of the master
hologram will be transformed in a secondary expressionist multicoloured hologram. Using an emulsion manipulating
technique before exposure, the portrait is changed, in order to achieve new visions of reality.
Teaching holography at high school level is a fascinating task and an important teaching tool. The impact on students is very positive and satisfactory at a personal level as well as at a pedagogical level. The purpose of this work is the 3D imaging by holographic means for application in different educational areas. In this paper we present a project that intends to explore the technique and some applications of holography for particular aims in each field of study. The educational strategy based on contextualized teaching of optics with multi disciplinary and technological applications will be presented. A comparison between the interest on holography by science and art students will be analyzed. The experimental configurations and chemical processing will be presented. The result obtained will be analyzed and discussed.
Color control is very important in some holographic applications and its is a procedure that should be taken into account during practical holography. In this paper an optimized procedure for reflection holograms recorded in Slavich PFG-01 emulsions will be presented. The procedure is mainly focused on measurements of different colors obtained by manipulation of the emulsion thickness before exposure, which has been preswollen in solution of different concentrations of Triethanolamine and recorded with different exposure times. Experimental configurations and chemical processing will be presented. The results obtained will be analyzed and discussed.
A multicolor holography study case will be presented with emphasis on color control in different silver-halide materials. It has been systematized in order to compare the results obtained with Agfa 8E 75HD to those with Slavich PFG-01. Some experiments were made and the emulsion was manipulated before exposure to achieve high quality multicolored white light reflection holograms. This work has therefore been developed in order to obtain the various colors in a very well controlled way.
Holography related activities in Portugal have been mainly concentrated in the areas of scientific research, teaching and fine arts. These activities take place in different laboratories located at Universities of Porto/ CETO (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Opticas), Aveiro, Lisboa and Covilhä, research centers and institutes, like INETI (Instituto Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial). The holographic principles and technologies are taught in graduate and undergraduate courses. Seminars, workshops, talks and exhibitions are organized regularly to the specialists and the general public.
In the last decades, holography has been used in a wide variety of applications in many different fields. In this paper, a study case of using holography in High School teaching will be presented. A holographic system for white- light reflection and transmission holograms was implemented and developed for teaching optics to science and visual arts students. Particular emphasis will be put on basic holographic principles, experimental holographic techniques, chemical processing and color control of holograms. The results obtained show an improvement of the learning and creative processes and the advantages of interdisciplinary and co-operation between Universities and High Schools.
We present a brief report of the present status and development of holography in Portugal with an overview of holography in education, scientific research and mostly in art/display holography.
Artists have always employed color in a personal and expressive way using several different materials. Display holography is being used by artists as an instrument for creation and therefore the study of holography techniques is necessary. In holography, instead of pigments the artist uses pure light. Color in holography based on artistic purposes can not be merely a coincidence but an intentional choice, so it is important for an artist to be able to anticipate a particular final color result. Some color holography techniques will be presented and discussed.
KEYWORDS: Holography, Holograms, Diffraction, Silver, Photography, Potassium, Industrial chemicals, Helium neon lasers, Chemical process control, Process control
Multicolor display holography has been described by using some different techniques. Those that allow white-light viewing of the final hologram generally involve several stages, some requiring accurate registration. The recording technique, the recording material and the processing are all important parts of the final color hologram. Various special techniques allow the production of holograms exhibiting different colors. Color control for reflection holograms usually implies the preswelling of the emulsion before the recording. In this paper we will describe different methods of obtaining different colors for reflection holography on silver halide photographic emulsion by means of chemical methods, other than the preswelling. By using a He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm for the recording, we can achieve a range of reconstruction wavelength from 550 nm to 700 nm by using different developments and bleachings as well as different temperatures during the processing. By measuring the coordinates of each point recorded, we will find its right wavelength. Thus, comparing them to those of the CIE diagram, we will know the exact location of each color in the horseshoe shape. This will allow us to choose the desired color and repeat it in the conditions previously experimented.
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