KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Near infrared spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Laser frequency, Tissues, Data acquisition, Tumors, Tissue optics, Tablets, System on a chip
We demonstrate an entirely handheld frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy imager capable of displaying 2D images in real-time. The system provides high flexibility using a multi-wavelength (6 sources, 690 - 980nm), multi-frequency (50-400MHz), multi-channel (3 detectors) approach that addresses many of the limitations of prior fdNIRS systems including system size, speed, and ease of use.
We present a needle-injectable wire-free breast lesion localization device that utilizes multi-colored, radio-frequency (RF)-powered LEDs for precise visual guidance during lumpectomy procedures. A red LED provides deep tissue (<10 cm) visible guidance to the lesion, while a green/yellow LED provides more precise close range (<1 cm) visual guidance. The biocompatible device includes an impedance matching circuit and miniature receiver coil optimized for operation in the 6.78 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical RF band. We show that the implant is visible through >5 cm of in vitro and ex vivo breast tissue phantoms using less than 2W of transmitted RF power.
Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS) has been shown to be a promising tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer treatment in point-of-care settings. However, current fdNIRS embodiments suffer from poor scalability and high complexity that has slowed their clinical translation. For the first time, we present a handheld, fully-wireless, multi-detector, multi-wavelength, fdNIRS system capable of real-time quantitative noninvasive measurements of optical properties and tissue chromophore concentrations at >10 kHz. High spatial resolution 2D topography images are displayed in real-time on a mobile platform with motion tracking. We characterize the system against prior generations, as well as in-vivo performance in human subjects.
KEYWORDS: Tumors, Data acquisition, Optical properties, Near infrared spectroscopy, Chromophores, Tissues, System on a chip, Modulation, Imaging systems, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
We present a real-time frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy imager capable of displaying 2D chromophore images. The system addresses many of the challenges for fdNIRS clinical use including system size, speed, ease of use, and real-time feedback.
Frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (fd-DOS) uses modulated laser light to image tissue and extract quantitative chromophore information. Currently no fd-DOS systems are completely handheld and only one is capable of displaying chromophore data in real time, which could allow for real-time studies of tissue hemodynamics, spatial chromophore (e.g. water, lipid, and hemoglobin) concentrations, greater ease of use by clinicians, and more generally, a simple platform for quantitative tissue spectroscopy. We present progress towards a handheld, real time fd-DOS system based upon an all-digital FPGA coupled hardware approach that includes data collection and processing and can attain imaging speeds of >30Hz. Quantitative optical scattering and absorption measurements are found to be within 10% agreement as compared to a reference system. We conclude that high speed quantitative tissue chromophore assessments are possible with this system-on-a-chip fd-DOS approach, which will enable real time handheld monitoring of rapid physiological changes.
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