We discuss how to expend the SPM of double beam interferometer to multi-beam interferometer or Fabry-Perot
interferometer and deduce the corresponding theoretical results in this paper. Besides the introduction section 1 the
principle of Fabry-Perot interferometer and how to simplify the representation of its intensity are described in section 2.
Two typical conditions such as (1) nearby the maximum and fineness coefficient F, the light phase θ satisfied the
condition F sin2θ < 1 or (2) offset the maximum and F θ satisfied the condition F sin2θ > 1 considered. Phase
modulating Fabry-Perot interferometry and theoretical results for 1, ramp, 2, saw teeth, 3, sinusoidal voltage
modulating or SPM Fabry-Perot interferometer are deduced in section 3. It should be noted that the construction of
double Fabry-Perot interferometer for nanometrology and the experimental results are stated in section 4. Our
measurement resolution could be arrived in <0.3nm using the method of time space difference.
Nanometrological AFM with high-resolution interferometers can be used for a wide-ranged measurements and be
traceable to the unit of length, but such problems as reduction of measuring uncertainty, correction of complex
nonlinearity error and advancing of repeatability restrict the application of MAFM. This paper presents the design of
metrological AFM based on double F-P interferometer in XYZ directions, which consists of one He-Ne laser, one '1 x 3'
fiber splitter and four self-focused lens instead of three sets of He-Ne laser. This design can not only avoid the traceable
error caused by different optical sources in three directions, but also improve the resolution of the measurement through
the transfer of nano-dimension to a pair of fundamental frequency pulse interval, while external noise and disturbance
caused by outside environment are dramatically eliminated using double F-P interferometers of the same cavity length
and material. Nano-dimensional measurement and stability test have been successfully accomplished with double F-P
system in X or Z direction with measurement sensitivity of &lgr;/2000nm , which meets the requirement of nanometrology.
Two formulas for microscopic interaction force have been suggested in this paper. Some interesting
results such as the invariant light speed in free space and the
πphase change or one half of wavelength delay
could be interpreted using the dynamic equations based on our suggestions although the former is the foundation
of relative theory, the latter is all-known phenomenon in optics. There is no concise or clear understanding to them
at least at present so this gap might be filled by our work. At the same time several well-known classical or
modern optical experiments are also proved or logically analyzed. This fact shown that our suggestions are not
only considerable assumptions but also revealed the interaction relation between microscopic particles.
Its' worth to note that we have tested the microscopic geometric scale (GAS) pointed a short time before by us as
well as the microscopic interaction force using Fizeau experiment.
Besides this some other interesting results, such as the possible geometrical action scale of gravitational field
particle, the new method to measure the constant of gravitation and time evolution equation for media index etc.
Taiji image originated from ancient China. It is not only the Taoism emblem but also the ancient graphic presentation sign to everything origin. It either has a too far-reaching impact on traditional culture of China, or is influencing the development of current natural science. On the basis of analyzing the classical philosophic theory of two-dimensional (2-D) Taiji image, we developed it into the model of complex interior surface-three-dimensional (3-D) Taiji ball, and explored its possible applications. Combining modern mathematics and physics knowledge, we have studied on the physical meaning of 3-D Taiji ball, thus the plane change of original Taiji image is developed into space change which is more close to the real world. The change layers are obvious increased notably, and the amount of information included in this model increases correspondingly. We also realized a special paper 3-D Taiji ball whose surface is coved with metal foil by means of laser manufacture. A new experiment set-up for measuring micro displace has been designed and constituted thus the relation between capacitance and micro displacement for the 3-D Taiji ball has performed. Experimental and theoretical analyses are also finished. This models of 3-D Taiji ball for physical characteristics are the first time set up. Experimental data and fitting curves between capacitance and micro displacement for the special paper Taiji ball coved with metal foil are suggested. It is shown that the special Taiji ball has less leakage capacitance or more strengthen electric field than an ordinary half ball capacitance. Finally their potential applied values are explored.
The development of micro-electronic has been entering the era of nano in advance, consequently, the measurement, metrology, trace and instrument calibration on nano scope must be up to the determined accuracy. Apart aside the traditional methods such as the aid of standard samples, the self-calibration of instrument is based on the 3D laser interference system with stabilized laser applied to SPM, which can also make the measurement result traceable to the primary standard of length unit directly. However, the complexity of instrument and the characteristic of sample make the elimination of error sources more difficult, so it is not enough to correct resolution just with methods above. The paper will introduce the statement and development of nanometrology and force on some original calibration methods.
KEYWORDS: Particles, Spherical lenses, Atomic force microscopy, Chemical species, Sensors, Atomic force microscope, Bridges, Scattering, Hydrogen, Animal model studies
The measuring error from inherent sub-macro-offset for Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is first proposed and named as the sub-macro difference in this paper.
We give various model suggestions of interchange, bridge, interface and 'Taji' picture (or image) etc. for sub-macro concept. The sub-macro difference mainly includes two categories, such as the static or dynamic difference and the similar or ratio difference that is in scale between macroscopic and microscopic dimension or and the nano dimension. Meanwhile it is also suggested that the concept of measurable limit or critical geometric dimension in fact exists in the interchange area or the interface of the determination and probability shape by means of analyzing those influence of micro-particle geometrical construction based on its quantum behaviors and current macro measuring knowledge and experience.
We can further research on the effects of quantum operators on dimension similarly or ratio difference, and the caution of nonlinear measuring error due to transition, symmetry and nonlinear transformation with the help of those suppositions.
Nonlinear control of double Fabry-Perot interferometer (DFPI) has been investigated. A parallel subsystem of hardware simulation for compensating the influences of atmosphere and other shifts was suggested by author in 1982 but the nonlinear control theoretical analysis and how to improve the performance of DFPI are further discussed in this paper.
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