Sensing cardiac contractility on the single cell level and deep inside the heart remains a challenging task. Here, we interface microscopic whispering gallery mode lasers with cardiac cells and tissue to extract contractility profiles with cellular resolution and high temporal dynamics. To demonstrate advantages over imaging-based approaches, we characterise cardiac contractility in vivo in zebrafish embryos and in thick cardiac slices. We further present the development of nanolasers with improved spectral characteristics for sub-cellular sensing. Finally, we present new microlasers that extend the range of detectable biomechanical parameters, opening new avenues for future applications of microlasers in cardiovascular research.
Microscopic whispering gallery mode lasers detect minute changes in cellular refractive index inside individual cardiac cells and in live zebrafish. We show that these signals encode cardiac contractility that can be used for intravital sensing.
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