Dr. Shannon M. Ray Profile

Dr. Shannon M. Ray

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2020 Presentation + Paper

Including the vacuum in the post-selected model of quantum illumination

Shannon Ray, Paul Alsing

Proceedings Volume 11540, 115400F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2574058

KEYWORDS: Interference (communication), Photodetectors, Sensors, Signal detection, Environmental sensing, Quantum computing, Quantum physics, Detection theory, Estimation theory

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In the paper by Weedbrook et. al,1 a post-selected model of Lloyd's original formulation of quantum illumination (QI)2 was used to show that quantum discord explains the underlying advantage of QI over conventional illumination. The same model was used by Ray et. al3 to show that the normalized Hilbert-Schmidt inner product (HSIP) is a valid distinguishability measure when analyzing quantum illumination. This post-selected model assumes that the detector always detects a photon whether it be from the signal or noise from the environment; thus, the vacuum is excluded from this model. In this paper, we include the vacuum back into these analyses. In the case of,1 we show that the conclusion is unaffected by the inclusion of the vacuum. We then analyze the effects of including the vacuum when distinguishing between a noisy signal and noise. In this analysis, we found that the normalized HSIP is not monotonic with respect to the parameter that controls the brightness of the noise. Because of this, the normalized Hilbert-Schmidt inner product cannot be used as a distinguishability as was seen in the post-selected model. To reconcile this problem, we used the proposed alternative fidelity measure defined in,4 and found that it is monotonic in the vacuum added model for all the examples considered.

Proceedings Article | 19 September 2019 Presentation + Paper

The Hilbert Schmidt inner product: quantum illumination and beyond

Shannon Ray, Paul Alsing

Proceedings Volume 11167, 111670G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2532967

KEYWORDS: Interference (communication), Quantum computing, Quantum information, Entangled states, Signal detection, Composites, Photodetectors

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Quantum Illumination (QI)¹ is a proposed remote targeting protocol using entangled states in which the experimenter sends a signal towards an expected target in a noisy environment that has a probability of reflecting off the surface or, in the case of no surface, being lost. Upon return, the noisy signal is jointly measured with the idler, which has been held in local memory, to determine if the surface has been detected. The idler effectively increases the brightness of the noisy signal to help distinguish it from the surrounding noise. Even though the returned mixed state is in the un-entangled regime, it has been shown that QI outperforms a conventional protocol that only sends separable states as the signal. We analyzed QI as a quantum channel discrimination protocol and circumvented computational issues that rely on diagonalization of the quantum states by using the normalized Hilbert-Schmidt (NH-S) inner product as a measure of state distinguishability.² Because the NH-S inner product is simple to compute, for a choice of entangled pure state and bipartition, we were able to rank the performance of QI entirely in terms of the dimension of the composite Hilbert space and the purity of the idler subsystem. We also showed that the greatest advantage gained by quantum illumination over conventional illumination occurs when one uses a Bell state, and for a fixed dimension d, the optimal performance of QI is achieved when the purity of the idler subsystem is minimal. In this talk, we review the results of,² and present our progress on extending this analysis to a broader class of quantum information protocols beyond QI.

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