We report on the multiple wavelengths Raman laser output, the laser wavelength span from violet to mid-infrared, 359nm~9.2μm have been detected and recorded on spectrum and energy meter. In this investigation, 222mJ Q-switch Nd:YAG 1064nm laser set as pump laser, 737/770nm and 1.1/1.7/1.9/2.1/2.4/9.2μm Raman laser is high gained and takes a measure of the energy. 1.9μm laser maximum 28mJ, 2.1μm laser maximum 30mJ, laser pulse width is 4ns. And 9.2μm mid-infrared laser gets 0.8mJ. The pressurized hydrogen is pumped by a 1064nm laser and 737/770nm anti-Stokes Raman laser are generated. The 737nm laser is generated by stimulated vibrational Raman Scattering (SVRS); while the 770nm laser is generated by the combination processes of SVRS and stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS). The maximum pulse energies of 6.42mJ at 737nm and 4.42mJ at 770nm are achieved by the optimization of anti-Stokes Raman laser. The energy efficiency is 2.6% at 737nm and 1.8% at 770nm.
This paper reports the simultaneous output of 358.7nm and 420.3nm laser generated by two-photon excitation (52 S1/2→62 D5/2, TPE) and four-wave mixing effect (FWM) in rubidium system for the first time. Unlike some fluorescent signals, this four-wave mixing beam has a high monochromaticity and extreme directivity and can be used as a laser source. In this study, we also measured the fluorescence lines in the range of 300-820 nm under 52 S1/2→62 D5/2 TPE, and studied other transitions that may occur. The experimental results show that the blue-violet laser produced by this alkali metal rubidium four-wave mixing can provide a new laser source for underwater laser communication, display technology, fluorescence excitation, Raman spectroscopy, marine resource detection, laser biomedicine, lithography, high density information storage and other fields.
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) is important method of laser frequency conversion. Optical frequency-comb is a special kind of SRS which output multiple Stokes beam simultaneously, and lasers with mutiple wavelength have broad applications. In this paper, the optical frequency-comb generated by SRS of CO2 is presented and the spectral range covers from 0.4 μm to 1.5 μm. Research also indicates that the characteristics of optical frequency-comb depends on the wavelength of pumping laser. For instance, the SRS photon conversion efficiency pumped by 1064 nm laser is high at 1248nm, 1510nm but that pumped by 532 nm laser is high at 574nm, 624nm 683nm. The different features are compared and analyzed by the use of the mechanism of four-wave mixing and the change of SRS gain coefficient with Stokes wavelength.
After the multiphoton ionization of sodium-argon mixture, time-resolved atomic emission spectrum is used to experimentally study the unusual phenomenon of the obviously different broadening between Na D1 and D2 lines spectra. The primary reason for the unusual broadening of Na D2 line is that the spectral line of Ar I 588.9 nm overlays with Na D2 line (589.0 nm) after ionization, and the serious self-absorption on Na D2 line is the secondary reason. Although there is difference of population between 32P3/2 and 32P1/2 states, the experiment result demonstrates that the difference between Na D lines in radiation channel will not affect the broadening of spectral profile.
A blue random laser based on solid waveguide gain films with silver nanoparticles (NPs) and SiO2 NPs is demonstrated. Located surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property and multiple scattering are proven playing an important role simultaneously.
The kinetic behaviors of 6p[1/2]0, 6p[3/2]2 ,and 6p[5/2]2 were examined under the ultrahigh pumped power. These processes were detected by the way of time-resolved fluorescence and ASE spectra. A theory of energy-pooling is presented under the focused condition. There are three types of energy-pooling processes. The first type is energy-pooling ionization. The obvious ionization can be observed whenever the laser prepared state is the 6p[1/2]0, 6p[3/2]2, or 6p[5/2]2 state. The second type is energy-pooling with big energy difference. The energy-pooling collision between the two 6p[1/2]0 atoms can produce one 5d[3/2]1 atom and one 6s’[1/2]0 atom when the prepared state is 6p[1/2]0. The third type is energy-pooling with small energy difference. The way of generation of five secondary 6p states is energy-pooling instead of collision relaxation.
Excimer pumped sodium laser (XPNaL) can accurately achieve lasing at 589.16 nm without any complicated control system to reduce the wavelength error, so XPNaL will provide a novel technical system for sodium beacon laser. In this paper, we studied the Na-C2H6 system, which was an efficient excimer pair. We excited the Na-C2H6 system using a pulsed dye laser with wavelength of 553 nm, and measured lifetime of sodium D2 line based on the fluorescence spectra. Meanwhile, we have also detected strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) signal in Na-C2H6 system, through the experimental study, the Na-C2H6 system is considered to own the potential to be utilized in high power XPNaL.
The experimental study of the amplification of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in high purity H2 gas was demonstrated employing a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm as the pump source. A part of the 1064 nm pump light (20% in energy) was focused into the first H2 gas cell to generate the backward first Raman Stokes light (BS1), which is taken as the Raman seed light. The BS1 seed light combined to the residual pump light were focused into the second H2 gas cell to get the amplification of the S1 1900 nm infrared Raman light. In this study, the maximum quantum conversion efficiency of the S1 light was estimated to be 76%. Under the condition of the same pump energy, especially for the low pump energy (lower than 40 mJ), the quantum conversion efficiency of the S1 light with the Raman seed light was significantly increased comparing to the single focus geometry (without the Raman seed light).
Sodium based excimer-pump alkali laser (Na-XPAL) is expected to be an efficient method to generate sodium beacon light, but the information about the spectroscopic characters of Na-XPAL remains sparse so far. In this work, we utilized the relative fluorescence intensity to study the absorption spectrum of blue satellites of complexes of sodium with different collision partners. The yellow fluorescence of Na D1 and D2 line was clearly visible. After processing the fluorescence intensity and the input pumping laser relative intensity, we obtained the Na-CH4 system’s blue satellites was from 553nm to 556nm. Meanwhile, we experimentally demonstrated the Na-Ar and Na-Xe system’s wavelength range of blue satellites. Also, it was observed that the Na-Xe system’s absorption was stronger than the other two systems.
Based on two-photon absorption, a 420nm blue laser of alkali Rb vapor was demonstrated, and a dye laser was used as the pumping laser. Utilizing the energy level structure of Rb atom, lasering mechanism and two-photon absorption process are analyzed. Absorbing two 778.1nm photons, Rb atoms were excited from 52 S1/2 to 52 D5/2, then relaxed to 62 P3/2 with mid infrared photon radiation. 420nm blue laser was achieved by the transition 62 P3/2→52 S1/2. To improve efficiency of the blue laser, two-photon resonant excitation pumped alkali vapor blue lasers are proposed, which will be good beam quality, high efficiency and scalable blue lasers. The development of diode pumped alkali vapor blue laser is expected.
Achieving population inversion through multi-photon cascade pumping is almost always difficult, and most laser medium work under 1-photon excitation mechanism. But for alkali atoms such as cesium, relatively large absorption cross sections of several low, cascading energy levels enable them properties such as up conversion. Here we carried out research on two-photon excitation alkali fluorescence. Two photons of near infrared region are used to excite alkali atoms to n 2 D5/2, n 2 D3/2 or higher energy levels, then the blue fluorescence of (n+1) 2 P3/2,(n+1) 2 P1/2→n 2 S1/2 are observed. Different pumping paths are tried and by the recorded spectra, transition routes of cesium are deducted and concluded. Finally the possibility of two-photon style DPALs (diode pumped alkali laser) are discussed, such alkali lasers can give output wavelengths in the shorter end of visual spectroscopy (400-460 nm) and are expected to get application in underwater communication and material laser processing.
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) is an effective means of laser wavelength conversion. Hydrogen is an excellent Raman medium for its high stimulated Raman gain coefficient and good flowability which can rapidly dissipate the heat generated by SRS process. In this paper we reported the H2 SRS in multiple-pass cell pumped by the fundamental frequency output of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser. Two concave reflection mirrors (with 1000 mm curvature radius and 50 mm diameter) were used in our experiment, both mirrors with a hole near the edge and were positioned to form co-center cavity, therefore the laser could repeatedly pass and refocus in the Raman cell to achieve a high SRS conversion efficiency and reduce SRS threshold for pump laser. By changing the pass number (1~17) of optical path in the Raman cell and the pump power(0~2.5MW), the Stokes conversion efficiency is optimized. Experimental results indicated that the Raman threshold was 0.178MW and the highest photon conversion efficiency was 50 %.
Oxygen molecules existed in pairs under liquid condition, the radiation from vibrational ground state of 1 Δ state to the first vibrational excited state of 3 ∑ state was electronic dipole moment transition allowed, and a photon with wavelength of 1580 nm was emitted. In our experiment, dye laser with wavelength of 581 nm, 634 nm, 764 nm was used to excite liquid oxygen to different excited states, while a tunable OPO was used as the seeder laser, and the small signal gain was measured to be 0.23 cm-1, 0.3 cm-1 and 0.076 cm-1 respectively. The small signal gain (pump by photon of 634 nm) was significantly higher than that of common solid state lasers and chemical lasers. When the fundamental output of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used as the pump source, the corresponding small signal gain was 0.12 cm-1. The profiles of small signal gain form 1579.2 nm to 1580.8 nm were also presented. These results were consistent with theoretical calculation. The high positive gain indicated that the liquid oxygen was a potential medium for high energy laser. A comprehensive parameter optimization was still necessary in order to improve the mall signal gain.
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