An archive of cloud amount in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region in 1984-2009 has been formed using satellite data from the Meteosat satellites. The procedures for decoding satellite images and automatical identifying of the cloud amount from single-channel satellite shots made by the Meteosat satellite in the infrared range were used. The procedure based on the analysis of the time series of radiation temperature at fixed “points” on the earth has shown an advantage over the results obtained using the simple threshold filter. To assess the uniformity and quality of the data of the generated archive, annual and monthly mean cloud amounts were compared with the satellite data archives of the ISCCP and ground-based observations of SYNOP. For a qualitative comparison of all the archives, annual mean values of the cloud amount, standard deviations and correlation coefficients between them were calculated. Correlation coefficients for monthly mean cloud numbers between the archives were 0.71–0.95 at the level of 99% confidence, and standard deviations in winter over the sea were 0.7 and over the land up to 0.9. The cloud amount error was determined by the gradations (score) and was performed for two satellite archives and the archive of ground-based observations. The errors that arise when assessing the quality of the cloud data from satellite and ground-based observations depend on the features of their detection, observation, and the processing techniques. The obtained data array showed that the zone of the maximum cloud amount over the Black Sea in winter indicates the active stage of the Black Sea depression, with its typical stationary atmospheric front. The results of the Fourier analysis showed the presence of a quasi-two-year harmonic, with the largest amplitude of oscillations occurring in winter and spring, and the smallest in summer
Qualitative analysis of the formation of cyclones in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region during period of activity of positive and negative phases of various indices of climatic activity, such asNAO, EA, Scand and EA/WR. It was shown that in the Mediterranean Sea cyclones are formed mainly in the negative phases of indices such as NAO, Scand and EA/WR. A comparative analysis of composite values of the number of cloud vortexes, taking into account phases of NAO, EA, Scand and EA/WR, showed that in the positive phase for all indices, the repeatability of cyclone in the Black Sea ranges from 43% to 50%, in the negative phase – from 51 to 57%.
The paper gives an analysis of a rare case of a powerful cyclone with an eye of the storm over the Black Sea. The development of the synoptic situationwas described, the thermodynamic parameters of the tropospherewere calculated, their dynamics wasanalyzed. The spatial distribution of moisture flows at a height of 3.5 km above the sea level is shown. The quantitative and spatial parameters of precipitation fields are estimated.
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