The objective of this study was to find out the emission spectral fingerprints for discrimination of human colorectal and gastric cancer from normal tissue in vitro by applying native fluorescence. The native fluorescence (NFL) and Stokes shift spectra of seventy-two human cancerous and normal colorectal (colon, rectum) and gastric tissues were analyzed using three selected excitation wavelengths (e.g. 300 nm, 320 nm and 340 nm). Three distinct biomarkers, tryptophan, collagen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), were found in the samples of cancerous and normal tissues from eighteen subjects. The spectral profiles of tryptophan exhibited a sharp peak in cancerous colon tissues under a 300 nm excitation when compared with normal tissues. The changes in compositions of tryptophan, collagen, and NADH were found between colon cancer and normal tissues under an excitation of 300 nm by the non-negative basic biochemical component analysis (BBCA) model.
Light scattering and transmission of optical Laguerre Gaussian (LG) vortex beams with different
orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in turbid scattering media were investigated in
comparison with Gaussian (G) beam. The scattering media used in the experiments consist of
various sizes and concentrations of latex beads in water solutions. The LG beams were generated
using a spatial light modulator in reflection mode. The ballistic transmissions of LG and G
beams were measured with different ratios of thickness of samples (z) to scattering mean free
path (ls) of the turbid media, z/ls. The results show that in the ballistic region where z/ls is small,
the LG and G beams show no significant difference, while in the diffusive region where z/ls is
large, LG beams show higher transmission than Gaussian beam. In the diffusive region, the LG
beams with higher orbital angular momentum L values show higher transmission than the beams
with lower L values. The transition points from ballistic to diffusive regions for different
scattering media were studied and determined.
Tuning vector vortex in spatially coherent multicolored beam is studied. A wavelength filter based on the tunable modal properties of light is experimentally demonstrated, and the polarization topology of optical beam profile is mapped. A hybrid mode-wavelength division multiplexing (HMWDM) scheme is proposed. In this scheme information is encoded in the wavelength of light, and the spatial mode and polarization modulation about the optical mode is used to turn on and off frequency channels. This scheme is applicable to increase information capacity of light and in high resolution microscopy.
A spatially incoherent white light optical vortex is generated using a tunable liquid crystal q-plate and white lamp source. This work investigates the propagation of incoherent vector vortex to the far field, and makes comparisons with a coherent optical vortex at a particular wavelength. The contrast ratio between the vortex’s ring and core darkness is determined, and the polarization of the vortex s mapped. For the keywords, select up to 8 key terms for a search on your manuscript's subject.
Directional Fourier spatial frequency analysis was used on standard histological sections to identify salient directional bias in the spatial frequencies of stromal and epithelial patterns within tumor tissue. This directional bias is shown to be correlated to the pathway of reduced fluorescent tracer transport. Optical images of tumor specimens contain a complex distribution of randomly oriented aperiodic features used for neoplastic grading that varies with tumor type, size, and morphology. The internal organization of these patterns in frequency space is shown to provide a precise fingerprint of the extracellular matrix complexity, which is well known to be related to the movement of drugs and nanoparticles into the parenchyma, thereby identifying the characteristic spatial frequencies of regions that inhibit drug transport. The innovative computational methodology and tissue validation techniques presented here provide a tool for future investigation of drug and particle transport in tumor tissues, and could potentially be used a priori to identify barriers to transport, and to analyze real-time monitoring of transport with respect to therapeutic intervention.
The optical spatial frequencies of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) are investigated. As a concentrated colloidal suspension of interacting native nanoparticles, the TIF can develop internal ordering under shear stress that may hinder delivery of antitumor agents within tumors. A systematic method is presented to characterize the TIF nanometer-scale microstructure in a model suspension of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and reconstituted high-density lipoprotein by Fourier spatial frequency (FSF) analysis so as to differentiate between jammed and fluid structural features in static transmission electron microscope images. The FSF method addresses one obstacle faced in achieving quantitative dosimetry to neoplastic tissue, that of detecting these nanoscale barriers to transport, such as would occur in the extravascular space immediately surrounding target cells.
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