KEYWORDS: Defense and security, Visibility through fog, Data modeling, Visualization, Databases, Control systems, Clouds, Humidity, Prototyping, Visibility
Weather information for Command and Control (C2) is usually available through separate weather systems, which are not necessarily implemented to satisfy specific C2 requirements for military end users. This paper describes an integrated approach for weather requirements for the Canadian Air Force Command and Control Information System (AFCCIS). Presentations for observations, forecasts, and weather warnings are made based on near real-time data from the Canadian military weather network. Static runway configuration and aircraft performance data are combined with dynamic weather data to obtain limitations for aircraft operations. Pertinent information is presented in graphical form, including the operational status of air bases on a map background. Additionally, data is obtained periodically from another source for the generation of forecast isotachs, jetstreams, isobars, calculation of contrail possibilities, and the detection of fronts. The weather features have been integrated with a prototype candidate component for AFCCIS.
KEYWORDS: Target detection, Weapons, Data modeling, Reliability, Control systems, Telecommunications, Information technology, Intelligence systems, Performance modeling, Systems modeling
In order to determine the benefits of battlespace digitization for C31, the assessment must be performed in a systematic manner within an appropriate framework. This task is particularly challenging, with a multitude of uncontrollable variable and unmeasurable attributes involved in complex Command and Control systems, and with boundary conditions often unspecified. Several factors must be rigorously considered to derive meaningful results and to minimize risks of generating false conclusions. The key properties for quality assurance are reliability and validity. Other factors include effects of uncertainty, which manifest themselves in several ways, This paper examines several important issues in the evaluation, and offers recommendations for the approach.
The primary goal of Command and Control (C2) reference modeling is to facilitate interoperability between Armed Force systems by proposing a framework model to define the interfaces between interacting C2 entities. Applying C2 reference models should help to define the information and intelligence exchange needs at each Canadian Forces' command level, thus facilitating external interoperability within coalition deployments. Two candidate C2 reference models were compared: the U.S. Command and Control Reference Model (C2RM) and the UK Methods for Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence Interoperability Reference Model (MCI RM). The C2RM is used to specify information needs and data flows from the individual soldier up to the operational and strategic command levels and is aimed primarily at long-term force interoperability. The MCI RM is used to develop a high-level object-oriented model of the system/command in question. High- level information flow requirements are precisely what is needed to develop operating procedures for short lead-time coalition deployments. Thus, a C2 entity's UK MCI RM representation is more suited to the fulfillment of short-term interoperability goals typical of coalition force deployments when compared to the U.S. C2RM's representation. The UK MCI RM corresponds better to Canadian Forces' coalition force interoperability needs.
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