Dr. Warren Grundfest Profile

Dr. Warren Grundfest

at Univ of California Los Angeles

SPIE Involvement:

Publications (130)

SPIE Conference Volume | May 7, 2018

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVI

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 14, 2018

Optimizing dynamic optical contrast imaging: signal characterization in the head and neck animal model (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10469, Optical Imaging, Therapeutics, and Advanced Technology in Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology 2018

KEYWORDS: Optical imaging, Neck, Tumors, Tissues, Ultraviolet radiation, Tongue, Head, Signal analysis, Tissue optics, Animal model studies

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 19, 2018

Identifying viscoelastic parameters of tissue specimens using Hertz contact mechanics

Proc. SPIE. 10486, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XI

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Liver, Tumors, Mechanics, Tissues, Surgery, Image resolution, Acoustics, Animal model studies

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 12, 2018

Optimizing signal output: effects of viscoelasticity and difference frequency on vibroacoustic radiation of tissue-mimicking phantoms

Proc. SPIE. 10484, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVI

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Confocal microscopy, Neck, Cancer, Tumors, Tissues, Signal attenuation, Head, Transducers, Acoustics

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SPIE Conference Volume | April 21, 2017

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XV

SPIE Journal Paper | April 3, 2017

Special Section Guest Editorial: Brain Mapping and Therapeutics

Nikzad, Shouleh , Chen, Yu , Tsytsarev, Vassiliy , Kateb, Babak , Grundfest, Warren

NPh Vol. 4 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Brain, Brain mapping, Neurophotonics, Neuroimaging, Tissue optics, Medicine, Sensors, Neuroscience, Optical coherence tomography, Tumors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 26, 2016

Evolution of THz impulse imaging radar to 1550nm photoconductive switches

Proc. SPIE. 9854, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications III

KEYWORDS: Switches, Signal attenuation, Nanoparticles, Spectrometers, Gallium arsenide, Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Erbium, pyroelectric detectors, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | May 18, 2016

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XIV

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 3, 2016

In situ monitoring of surgical flap viability using THz imaging (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 9706, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVII

KEYWORDS: Neck, Tumors, Tissues, Surgery, Blood, Reflectivity, Abdomen, Head, Blood circulation, Terahertz radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 26, 2016

Visualization of vasodynamics using THz imaging with applications to allergy testing (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 9706, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVII

KEYWORDS: Eye, Nose, Visualization, Tissues, Skin, Reflectivity, Diagnostics, Terahertz radiation, Tissue optics, Natural surfaces

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 26, 2016

Corneal tissue water content mapping with THz imaging: preliminary clinical results (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 9706, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVII

KEYWORDS: Optical design, Injuries, Cornea, Tissues, Ultrasonography, Optical coherence tomography, Dielectrics, Data acquisition, Terahertz radiation, In vivo imaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | November 23, 2015

Imaging autofluorescence temporal signatures of the human ocular fundus in vivo

Papour, Asael , Taylor, Zachary , Stafsudd, Oscar , Tsui, Irena , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 20 Issue 11

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Retina, In vivo imaging, Luminescence, Cameras, Eye, Imaging systems, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Tissue optics, Microscopy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 8, 2015

THz polarization difference imaging of aqueous targets

Proc. SPIE. 9585, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications VI

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Polarization, Tissues, Imaging systems, Sensors, Calibration, Water, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, Dielectric polarization

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 31, 2015

Exploration of the effects of burn parameters on THz wound imaging

Proc. SPIE. 9585, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications VI

KEYWORDS: Injuries, Tissues, Quartz, Dielectrics, Reflectivity, Medical imaging, Terahertz radiation, In vivo imaging, Electromagnetism, Animal model studies

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 28, 2015

Preliminary results of non-contact THz imaging of cornea

Proc. SPIE. 9362, Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications VIII

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Eye, Cornea, Tissues, Imaging systems, Sensors, Water, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, In vivo imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 19, 2015

Real time early detection imaging system of failed wounds and heterotopic ossification using unique Raman signatures

Proc. SPIE. 9417, Medical Imaging 2015: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Tissues, Imaging systems, Spectroscopy, Luminescence, Bone, Raman spectroscopy, Raman scattering, In vivo imaging, Signal detection

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 16, 2015

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XIII

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 5, 2014

THz imaging studies of painted samples to guide cultural heritage investigations at the Enkleistra of St. Neophytos in Paphos, Cyprus

Proc. SPIE. 9199, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications V

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Scattering, Sensors, Calcium, Nondestructive evaluation, Medical imaging, Cultural heritage, Terahertz radiation, Spatial resolution, Lead

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 5, 2014

In vivo confirmation of hydration based contrast mechanisms for terahertz medical imaging using MRI

Proc. SPIE. 9199, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications V

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Imaging systems, Magnetic resonance imaging, Water, Skin, Reflectivity, Abdomen, Medical imaging, Terahertz radiation, In vivo imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 5, 2014

THz optical design considerations and optimization for medical imaging applications

Proc. SPIE. 9199, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications V

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optical design, Polarization, Imaging systems, Calibration, Distortion, Collimation, Terahertz radiation, Medical imaging applications, Off axis mirrors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 2, 2014

Optical design for translation of THz medical imaging technology

Proc. SPIE. 8985, Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications VII

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optical design, Polarization, Imaging systems, Sensors, Medical imaging, Collimation, Objectives, Terahertz radiation, Off axis mirrors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 20, 2014

Ex vivo viscoelastic characterization of head and neck tissue abnormalities using ultrasound-stimulated vibro-acoustography (USVA)

Proc. SPIE. 9040, Medical Imaging 2014: Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography

KEYWORDS: Neck, Medicine, Tumors, Tissues, Surgery, Ultrasonography, Optical coherence tomography, Head, Acoustic emission, Acoustics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 13, 2014

THz impulse radar for biomedical sensing: nonlinear system behavior

Proc. SPIE. 8941, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXV; and Terahertz for Biomedical Applications

KEYWORDS: Radar, Signal to noise ratio, Transmitters, Switches, Tissues, Sensors, Complex systems, Receivers, Diodes, Terahertz radiation

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 5, 2014

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems XII

SPIE Journal Paper | June 12, 2013

Optical imaging for brain tissue characterization using relative fluorescence lifetime imaging

Papour, Asael , Taylor, Zachary , Sherman, Adria , Sanchez, Desiree , Lucey, Gregory , Liau, Linda , Stafsudd, Oscar , Yong, William , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 18 Issue 06

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Brain, Tissue optics, Luminescence, Neuroimaging, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Imaging systems, Light emitting diodes, Calibration, Optical imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 24, 2013

Reflective terahertz (THz) imaging: system calibration using hydration phantoms

Proc. SPIE. 8585, Terahertz and Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulses for Biomedical Applications

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Imaging systems, Calibration, Quartz, Water, Skin, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, Aluminum, In vivo imaging

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 29, 2013

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems XI

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 27, 2013

Active THz medical imaging using broadband direct detection

Proc. SPIE. 8624, Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications VI

KEYWORDS: Switches, Tissues, Imaging systems, Sensors, Skin, Reflectivity, Imaging spectroscopy, Medical imaging, Terahertz radiation, Electro optics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 22, 2013

Normalized fluorescence lifetime imaging for tumor identification and margin delineation

Proc. SPIE. 8572, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems XI

KEYWORDS: Neck, Cancer, Tumors, Tissues, Imaging systems, Glasses, Luminescence, Collagen, Head, Bandpass filters

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique that has been proven to produce quantitative and qualitative differentiation and identification of substances with good specificity and sensitivity based on lifetime extracted information. This technique has shown the ability to also differentiate between a wide range of tissue types to identify malignant from benign tissue in vivo and ex vivo. However, the complexity, long duration and effort required to generate this information has limited the adoption of these techniques in a clinical setting. Our group has developed a time-resolved imaging system (patent pending) that does not require the extraction of lifetimes or use of complex curve fitting algorithms to display the needed information. The technique, entitled Lifetime Fluorescence Imaging (LFI, or NoFYI), converts fluorescence lifetime decay information directly into visual contrast. Initial studies using Fluorescein and Rhodamine-B demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Subsequent studies demonstrated the ability to separate collagen and elastin powders. The technique uses nanosecond pulsed UV LEDs at 375 nm for average illumination intensities of ~4.5 μW on the tissue surface with detection by a gated CCD camera. To date, we have imaged 11 surgical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and brain cancer biopsy specimens including 5 normal and 6 malignant samples. Images at multiple wavelengths clearly demonstrate differentiation between benign and malignant tissue, which was later confirmed by histology. Contrast was obtained between fluorophores with 35 μm spatial resolution and an SNR of ~30 dB allowing us to clearly define tumor margins in these highly invasive cancers. This method is capable of providing both anatomical and chemical information for the pathologist and the surgeon. These results suggest that this technology has a possible role in identifying tumors in tissue specimens and detecting tumor margins during procedures.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 23, 2013

Reflectivity measurements of water and dioxane mixtures using a 100 GHz Gunn diode source

Proc. SPIE. 8585, Terahertz and Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulses for Biomedical Applications

KEYWORDS: Magnesium, Data modeling, Tissues, Water, Dielectrics, Reflectivity, Diodes, Terahertz radiation, Sensing systems, Systems modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 18, 2012

Fast-scanning THz medical imaging system for clinical application

Proc. SPIE. 8496, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications III

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Tissues, Imaging systems, Lenses, Reflectivity, Image acquisition, Medical imaging, Objectives, Terahertz radiation, Target acquisition

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 15, 2012

Reflective THz and MR imaging of burn wounds: a potential clinical validation of THz contrast mechanisms

Proc. SPIE. 8496, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications III

KEYWORDS: Injuries, Visualization, Tissues, Magnetic resonance imaging, Skin, Reflectivity, Medical imaging, Terahertz radiation, In vivo imaging, Natural surfaces

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SPIE Journal Paper | September 21, 2012

Assessment of corneal hydration sensing in the terahertz band: in vivo results at 100 GHz

Bennett, David , Taylor, Zachary , Tewari, Priyamvada , Sung, Sijun , Maccabi, Ashkan , Singh, Rahul , Culjat, Martin , Grundfest, Warren , Hubschman, Jean-Pierre , Brown, Elliott

JBO Vol. 17 Issue 9

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Terahertz radiation, Tissues, In vivo imaging, Water, Reflectivity, Dielectrics, Spectroscopy, Skin, Surgery

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SPIE Journal Paper | April 6, 2012

In vivo terahertz imaging of rat skin burns

Tewari, Priyamvada , Bajwa, Neha , Singh, Rahul , Culjat, Martin , Grundgest, Warren , Taylor, Zachary , Kealey, Colin , Bennett, David , Barnett, Kelli , Stojadinovic, Alexander

JBO Vol. 17 Issue 04

KEYWORDS: Skin, Terahertz radiation, Reflectivity, Tissues, Injuries, In vivo imaging, Abdomen, Millimeter wave imaging, Medical imaging, Imaging systems

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SPIE Conference Volume | March 19, 2012

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems X

SPIE Journal Paper | March 7, 2012

Endomicroscopy Technologies and Biomedical Applications

Li, Xingde , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 17 Issue 02

KEYWORDS: Endomicroscopy, Biomedical optics, Biopsy, Endoscopes, Luminescence, Confocal microscopy, Fiber optics, Surveillance, In vivo imaging, Colon

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 6, 2012

Advances in biomedical imaging using THz technology with applications to burn-wound assessment

Proc. SPIE. 8261, Terahertz Technology and Applications V

KEYWORDS: Injuries, Biomedical optics, Tissues, Imaging systems, Sensors, Skin, Reflectivity, Diagnostics, Medical imaging, Terahertz radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 28, 2012

In vitro cell system for studying molecular mechanisms of action associated with low intensity focused ultrasound

Proc. SPIE. 8214, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems X

KEYWORDS: Potassium, Modulation, Ultrasonography, Transducers, Molecular mechanisms, In vivo imaging, Chemical elements, Acoustics, In vitro testing, Brain

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 28, 2012

Bacterial biofilm disruption using laser-generated shockwaves

Proc. SPIE. 8214, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems X

KEYWORDS: Titanium, Medicine, Wound healing, Ultrasonography, Glasses, Laser energy, Interfaces, Ultrasonics, Bone, Bacteria

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 17, 2011

A scanned beam THz imaging system for medical applications

Proc. SPIE. 8119, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications II

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Mirrors, Beam splitters, Imaging systems, Sensors, Image acquisition, Medical imaging, Objectives, Terahertz radiation, Target acquisition

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SPIE Journal Paper | August 1, 2011

Quasi-real-time fluorescence imaging with lifetime dependent contrast

Jiang, Pei-Chi , Stafsudd, Oscar , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 16 Issue 08

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Image processing, Tissues, Collagen, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Time resolved spectroscopy, Cameras, Calibration, Signal to noise ratio, Ultraviolet light emitting diodes

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SPIE Journal Paper | May 1, 2011

Terahertz sensing in corneal tissues

Bennett, David , Taylor, Zachary , Tewari, Priyamvada , Singh, Rahul , Culjat, Martin , Grundfest, Warren , Sassoon, Daniel , Johnson, R. Duncan , Hubschman, Jean-Pierre , Brown, Elliott

JBO Vol. 16 Issue 05

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Cornea, Tissues, Water, Reflectivity, Imaging systems, Spectroscopy, Eye, Imaging spectroscopy, Surgery

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 18, 2011

Reflective measurement of water concentration using millimeter wave illumination

Proc. SPIE. 7984, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2011

KEYWORDS: Extremely high frequency, Injuries, Liver, Cornea, Tissues, Water, Skin, Reflectivity, Diodes, Terahertz radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 24, 2011

Terahertz time-lapse imaging of hydration in physiological tissues

Proc. SPIE. 7938, Terahertz Technology and Applications IV

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Visualization, Tissues, Imaging systems, Water, Spectroscopy, Skin, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, Binary data

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SPIE Conference Volume | February 21, 2011

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems IX

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 12, 2010

Fabrication of a conformal ring-annular ultrasound array

Proc. SPIE. 7629, Medical Imaging 2010: Ultrasonic Imaging, Tomography, and Therapy

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Ferroelectric materials, Ultrasonography, Silicon, Silicon films, Transducers, Deep reactive ion etching, Chemical elements, Imaging arrays, Semiconducting wafers

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 12, 2010

Accurate step-FMCW ultrasound ranging and comparison with pulse-echo signaling methods

Proc. SPIE. 7629, Medical Imaging 2010: Ultrasonic Imaging, Tomography, and Therapy

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Signal attenuation, Ultrasonography, Fourier transforms, Receivers, Transducers, Signal processing, Acoustics, Signal detection, Ranging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 12, 2010

Designing multistatic ultrasound imaging systems using software analysis

Proc. SPIE. 7629, Medical Imaging 2010: Ultrasonic Imaging, Tomography, and Therapy

KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Data modeling, Imaging systems, Ultrasonography, Image processing, Image acquisition, Data acquisition, Transducers, Reconstruction algorithms, Imaging arrays

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 23, 2010

Step-FMCW signaling and target detection for ultrasound imaging systems with conformal transducer arrays

Proc. SPIE. 7555, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VIII

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Imaging systems, Ultrasonography, Image restoration, Receivers, Medical imaging, Transducers, Signal processing, Acoustics, Signal detection

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 23, 2010

THz imaging of skin hydration: motivation for the frequency band

Proc. SPIE. 7555, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VIII

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Imaging systems, Scattering, Signal attenuation, Skin, Dielectrics, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, Spatial resolution, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | February 18, 2010

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VIII

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 8, 2009

A conformal ultrasound transducer array featuring microfabricated polyimide joints

Proc. SPIE. 7295, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2009

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Ferroelectric materials, Ultrasonography, Etching, Polymers, Silicon, Silicon films, Transducers, Microfabrication, Chemical elements

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 13, 2009

Waveform synthesis for the design and image reconstruction of step FMCW ultrasound imaging systems with conformal transducer arrays

Proc. SPIE. 7265, Medical Imaging 2009: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Signal attenuation, Ultrasonography, Image restoration, Image acquisition, Data acquisition, Transducers, Algorithm development, Imaging arrays, Signal detection

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 25, 2009

Role of collagen in terahertz absorption in skin

Proc. SPIE. 7169, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VII

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Tissues, Imaging systems, Skin, Reflectivity, Collagen, Terahertz radiation, Aluminum, Raster graphics, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | February 18, 2009

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VII

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 15, 2008

THz imaging based on water-concentration contrast

Proc. SPIE. 6949, Terahertz for Military and Security Applications VI

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Switches, Tissues, Imaging systems, Sensors, Metals, Skin, Reflectivity, Terahertz radiation, Aluminum

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SPIE Conference Volume | February 12, 2008

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VI

SPIE Conference Volume | February 1, 2007

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V

SPIE Conference Volume | February 15, 2006

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems IV

SPIE Conference Volume | April 1, 2005

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems III

SPIE Conference Volume | July 1, 2004

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems II

SPIE Conference Volume | July 22, 2003

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 17, 2002

Particulate debris analysis during excimer laser thrombolysis: an in-vitro study

Proc. SPIE. 4609, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems XII

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Laser therapeutics, Veins, Biomedical optics, Blood, Particles, Medical research, Laser ablation, Excimer lasers, In vitro testing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 17, 2002

Excimer-laser-assisted thrombolysis: the effect of laser fluence, repetition rate, and catheter size

Proc. SPIE. 4609, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems XII

KEYWORDS: Laser therapeutics, Biomedical optics, Tissues, Medical research, Laser applications, Laser ablation, Excimer lasers, Laser safety, Natural surfaces, In vitro testing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 13, 2002

Spatiotemporal temperature profiling of corneal surface during LTK

Proc. SPIE. 4611, Ophthalmic Technologies XII

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Cornea, Tissues, Cameras, Medical research, Temporal resolution, Profiling, Eye models, Thermal modeling, In vitro testing

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Accurate prediction of LTK treatments requires refined thermal corneal models which necessitate precise input parameters. The overall objective of this study was to provide detailed information on the spatiotemporal temperature profile of the corneal surface, during in-vitro thermal keratoplasty. LTK was performed in-vitro on freshly harvested porcine eyes (N equals 16) with the Sunrise Technologies corneal shaping system (Model SUN 1000). Spatiotemporal thermal imaging of the irradiated corneas were obtained with a short wave Inframetrics thermal camera (Model PM290). Images were obtained at 8-bits resolution, with ~100 microns spatial and ~17 msec temporal resolution respectively. Treatment pattern consisted of eight spots at 6 mm zone, while lasing was conducted at settings of either 100 mJ and 15 pulses (N equals 8), or 260 mJ and 7 pulses (N equals 8). Temporal and spatial variation of the corneal surface temperatures were calculated at locations of importance to LTK. At the laser spot, temperature profiles consisted of transients coinciding approximately with the laser pulses. Maximum transient temperatures observed were 98.0+/- 4.6 degree(s)C for the high and 56.3+/- 2.6 degree(s)C for the low energy respectively. These temperature transients were superimposed on an envelope of lower-slowly varying temperatures. The maximum temperatures observed for this temperature envelope, were 51.8+/- 3.4 degree(s)C for the high and 35.4+/- 3.4 degree(s)C for the low energy respectively. The evolution of either the maximum temperature transients or the lower temperature envelope, followed exponential growth of the form: T equals A * exp(B*t). Maximum temperatures at locations 0.5 mm and 1 mm away from the laser spot, reached 25.7 degree(s)C and 23.3 degree(s)C for the low energy, and 34 degree(s)C and 25.6 degree(s)C for the high energy settings respectively. Temperature decay constants were approximately 2 to 3 sec, while the spatial temperature profile at the laser spot extended more than 2 mm at 2.5 sec post irradiation. The data obtained may help to refine corneal thermal modeling during LTK, and thus improve predictability of current or future-modified-treatments.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 13, 2002

Update on laser vision correction using wavefront analysis with the CustomCornea system and LADARVision 193-nm excimer laser

Proc. SPIE. 4611, Ophthalmic Technologies XII

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Eye, Laser vision correction, Visualization, Wavefronts, Wavefront analysis, Excimer lasers, Contrast sensitivity, LASIK, Clinical trials

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 13, 2002

Thermal imaging of brain tumors in a rat glioma model

Proc. SPIE. 4615, Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Biomedical optics, Tumors, Tissues, Cameras, Medical research, Neuroimaging, Thermal modeling, Brain, Animal model studies

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SPIE Conference Volume | May 13, 2002

Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems IV

SPIE Journal Paper | July 1, 2001

Ablation spectra of the human cornea

Cohen, David , Chuck, Roy , Bearman, Gregory , McDonnell, Peter , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 6 Issue 03

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Luminescence, Laser ablation, Tissues, Excimer lasers, Principal component analysis, Laser tissue interaction, Surgery, Laser therapeutics, Ultraviolet radiation

SPIE Conference Volume | June 4, 2001

Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems III

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 21, 2001

Arterial fluorescent components involved in atherosclerotic plaque instability: differentiation by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 4244, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems XI

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Foam, Tissues, Spectroscopy, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Collagen, Laser induced fluorescence, Time resolved spectroscopy, Nitrogen lasers

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SPIE Journal Paper | July 1, 2000

Consequences of scattering for spectral imaging of turbid biological tissue

Arnoldussen, Mark , Cohen, David , Bearman, Gregory , Grundfest, Warren

JBO Vol. 5 Issue 03

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Scattering, Imaging spectroscopy, Backscatter, Natural surfaces, Reflectors, Imaging systems, Tissues, Systems modeling, Sensors

SPIE Conference Volume | May 3, 2000

Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 19, 2000

Characterization of type I, II, III, IV, and V collagens by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 3917, Optical Biopsy III

KEYWORDS: Cartilage, Tissues, Spectroscopy, Skin, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Collagen, Laser induced fluorescence, Laser spectroscopy, Time resolved spectroscopy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 19, 2000

Global analysis of arterial fluorescence decay spectra

Proc. SPIE. 3917, Optical Biopsy III

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Statistical analysis, Tissues, Luminescence, Arteries, Deconvolution, Time resolved spectroscopy, Nitrogen lasers, Pulsed laser operation, Statistical modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 14, 2000

Imaged backscatter from three-dimensional tissue structure

Proc. SPIE. 3920, Spectral Imaging: Instrumentation, Applications, and Analysis

KEYWORDS: Backscatter, Tissues, Scattering, Photons, Light scattering, 3D modeling, Chromophores, Tissue optics, Natural surfaces, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | July 9, 1999

Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 2, 1999

Classification of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 3600, Biomedical Imaging: Reporters, Dyes, and Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Continuous wave operation, Statistical analysis, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Time resolved spectroscopy, Nitrogen lasers, Monochromators, Pulsed laser operation, Statistical modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 2, 1999

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence of normal and atherosclerotic coronary artery

Proc. SPIE. 3600, Biomedical Imaging: Reporters, Dyes, and Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Spectroscopy, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Arteries, Collagen, Laser induced fluorescence, Time resolved spectroscopy, Oscilloscopes, Monochromators

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 22, 1999

Parameter optimization for excimer-based TMR clinical systems: an in-vivo study

Proc. SPIE. 3590, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems IX

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Laser applications, Laser drilling, Carbon dioxide lasers, Heart, Laser ablation, Excimer lasers, In vivo imaging, Laser tissue interaction, Electromechanical design

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 6, 1999

Effects of scattering in layered biological tissue on imaging spectroscopy data

Proc. SPIE. 3605, Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing VI

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Reflection, Imaging systems, Scattering, Reflectivity, Imaging spectroscopy, Monte Carlo methods, Tissue optics, Natural surfaces, Photon transport

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SPIE Conference Volume | June 5, 1998

Surgical-Assist Systems

SPIE Conference Volume | June 5, 1998

Surgical-Assist Systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 16, 1998

Characterization of atherosclerotic lesions with laser-induced time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 3250, Optical Biopsy II

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Tissues, Luminescence, Laser applications, Inspection, Collagen, Time resolved spectroscopy, Nitrogen lasers, Monochromators, Pulsed laser operation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 16, 1998

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence of lipids involved in development of atherosclerotic lesion lipid-rich core

Proc. SPIE. 3250, Optical Biopsy II

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Luminescence, Photomultipliers, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Laser induced fluorescence, Oscilloscopes, Nitrogen lasers, Monochromators, Carbon monoxide, Pulsed laser operation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 7, 1997

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence of arterial wall constituents: deconvolution algorithm and spectrotemporal characteristics

Proc. SPIE. 2980, Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology III

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Collagen, Laser induced fluorescence, Deconvolution, Time resolved spectroscopy, Tissue optics, Algorithm development, Absorption

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SPIE Conference Volume | December 6, 1996

Optical Biopsies and Microscopic Techniques

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 17, 1996

Factors affecting the outcome of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: a preliminary multivariable regression analysis

Proc. SPIE. 2673, Ophthalmic Technologies VI

KEYWORDS: Ophthalmology, Statistical analysis, Laser vision correction, Surgery, Medical research, Laser applications, Refraction, Excimer lasers, Analytical research, Eye models

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 5, 1996

Biologic fluorescence decay characteristics: determination by Laguerre expansion technique

Proc. SPIE. 2679, Advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases III: Optical Biopsy

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Luminescence, Nitrogen, Collagen, Deconvolution, Excimer lasers, Excimers, Oscilloscopes, Monochromators, Pulsed laser operation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 2, 1996

Photobleaching of native and exogenous (BPD-MA) fluorescence: an in-vivo tumor-bearing rat model

Proc. SPIE. 2675, Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy V

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Tissues, Luminescence, Laser applications, Oxygen, In vivo imaging, Tissue optics, In vitro testing, Lymphatic system

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | February 9, 1996

Telemedicine, health information networks, and computer-based patient records

Proc. SPIE. 2618, Health Care Information Infrastructure

KEYWORDS: Medicine, Surgery, X-rays, Medical research, Computing systems, Legal, Telemedicine, Information technology, Medical devices, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 27, 1995

Effective use of the health care assets of the federal government

Proc. SPIE. 2499, Health Care Technology Policy II: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions

KEYWORDS: Defense and security, Safety, Medicine, Agriculture, Databases, Therapeutics, Radiation effects, Intellectual property, Standards development

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SPIE Conference Volume | October 27, 1995

Health Care Technology Policy II: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 12, 1995

Near-infrared monitoring of hemoglobin content in the kidney during ischemia

Proc. SPIE. 2387, Advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases II

KEYWORDS: Ischemia, Tissues, Surgery, Blood, Photomultipliers, Semiconductor lasers, Blood circulation, Kidney, Near infrared spectroscopy, Blood pressure

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SPIE Conference Volume | December 6, 1994

Health Care Technology Policy I: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | December 6, 1994

Is there a conflict between improved health care delivery and lowering costs?

Proc. SPIE. 2307, Health Care Technology Policy I: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care

KEYWORDS: Safety, Medicine, Laser therapeutics, Surgery, Manufacturing, Adaptive optics, Arteries, Process control, Therapeutics, Diagnostics and therapeutics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 19, 1994

Near-infrared monitoring of perfusion and oxygen availability in abdominal organs and skeletal muscle during hypoxia

Proc. SPIE. 2135, Advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Near infrared, Liver, Tissues, Blood, Spectroscopy, Oxygen, Hypoxia, Kidney, Near infrared spectroscopy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 1, 1994

Biodistribution detection of Photofrin porfimer sodium and benzoporphyrin derivative using a fiber optic sensor and ratio fluorometry

Proc. SPIE. 2078, Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

KEYWORDS: Liver, Tumors, Tissues, Spectroscopy, Skin, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Laser induced fluorescence, Sodium, Lymphatic system

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