In this paper, an optimal quantization decision algorithm in the rate distortion sense for H.264/AVC1 with
dynamic programming is proposed, in which a trellis is constructed for the 4x4 block quantization and adaptive
entropy encoding process. Dynamic programming is employed to go through the trellis and search for the best
path with minimum rate distortion cost in linear time. The quantization decisions for all coefficients in one
block are made simultaneously in our approach. Thorough experiments are conducted on various sequences with
different coding complexity for a wide range of bit-rates. The results show that the performance gain increases
as the reproduction PSNR gets higher. For the sequences with high coding complexity, up to approximate 1 dB
gain over independent quantization is observed for high PSNR encoding, e.g. higher than 45dB. In other cases,
obvious gain can also be achieved. At the same time, since the state space is compact, the complexity increase
is acceptable for software implementation.
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