Three-dimensional (3D) perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) demonstrate remarkable photoelectric detection ability, but the intrinsic instability of 3D perovskite films against moisture, oxygen, and temperature has been a roadblock for achieving great stability and reliability of the resulting PDs, which can be mainly ascribed to the inevitable defects on surfaces and grain boundaries that can incur nonradiative charge recombination to impair device performance and initiate the degradation of perovskites. In this work, we introduced the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite material PEAI to fabricate a high-performance and stable 2D/3D stacked PPD. As a result, the responsivity of the PEAI processed PPD (PEAI-PPD) reached 1.19 A/W under the illumination of 532 nm laser with the power density of 5 μW/cm2 at bias voltage of −1 V, and retains 80.15% of the initial value after 16 days of nonencapsulated storage at 10%-15% relative humidity (RH). Our work provides a simple and effective method for the fabrication of high-performance and stable 2D/3D stacked PPDs, which has great application potential in visible light communication, imaging and environmental monitoring under complex environmental conditions.
The preparation of high-quality perovskite films with optimal morphologies is important for achieving high-performance perovskite photodetectors (PPDs). An effective strategy to optimize the morphologies is to add antisolvents during the spin-coating steps. In this work, an environment-friendly antisolvent ethyl acetate (EA) was employed to improve the quality of perovskite films, which can effectively regulate the formation of an intermediate phase staged in between a liquid precursor phase and a solid perovskite phase due to its moderate polarity, and further promote the homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth in the subsequent annealing process, thus leading to the formation of high-quality perovskite films and enhanced photodetector (PD) performance. As a result, the responsivity of the PPDs reached 0.85 A W-1 under the illumination of 532 nm laser with the power density of 6.37 μW cm-2 at bias voltage of -2 V. The corresponding detectivity reached 3.27 × 1011 Jones, while the rise time and fall time are 256 ns and 370 ns, respectively. These results demonstrates that our developed solution-processed method with EA as antisolvent has remarkably advantages for the fabrication of high-performance PPDs and can provide a reference for the other similar research work.
Infrared photodetectors (IRPDs) are of importance devices with wide applications from face identification to space communication. With the investigation of thermoelectric materials, perovskite and three-dimensional (3D) graphene have been demonstrated and fabricated to thermoelectric PDs with response to terahertz bands separately. Herein, we develop thermoelectric PD based on 3D graphene and perovskite hybrid material with good IR performance. The responsivity at 1 V bias reaches to 0.1 A/W, under the illumination of 1064 nm laser with the power density of 3.1 mW, corresponding noise equivalent power (NEP) 1 nW∙Hz-1/2 , the rise time 10.8 ms and fall time 12.8 ms, respectively. These results demonstrate these hybrid IRPDs show good IR performance, and can provide a reference for other spectral range such as terahertz bands.
An improved model of erbium–ytterbium codoped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) considering the effects of radiation is proposed. In this model, terms of radiation-induced losses are introduced into power propagation equations, combined with the simplified rate equations to simulate radiation effects on EYDFA performances related to space missions. A method for recovering background losses and radiation-induced losses of EYDFA is illustrated. Numerical simulation tools are based on a homemade particle swarm optimization procedure. In the experimental aspect, two amplifiers of the same type were irradiated with Co60 gamma rays up to a total dose of 10 and 50 krad, respectively. Compared with the experimental data, the curve of output power drawn by the model is in good agreement with the experimentally measured values, validating the validity of the theoretical model. Using this method that combined experimental testing of online monitoring with theoretical simulation provides a new way to evaluate the performance degradation of commercial amplifiers in a radiation environment.
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