Efficient coupling into inner photonic crystal waveguides (IPCW) is critical to the applications of PC in photonic integrated circuits. This paper discusses the highly efficient coupling from surface PCWs into IPCW based on all-PC structures by a modified taper at the interface. The introduction of the modified taper is aimed to compress gradually the extended field propagating at the surface as well as excite the surface mode at the modified oblique surface. Good matching of modal field profiles on the both sides of the interface is achieved by keeping the waveguide structures changeless. The numerical results based on finite-difference time-domain simulations show that the bandwidth for coupling efficiency >90% can be as broad as about 80 nm.
We proposed a three-wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer based on the characteristics of resonant coupling between
photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) and cavity. The structure composed of one PCRR and three cavities. The
numerical results obtained by the finite-different time-domain (FTDT) method show that it can realize the
demultiplexing of three wavelengths, i.e. 1430nm, 1490nm and 1550nm only by modulating the radius of the cavities.
The designed device not only has a compact size with 12μm×11μm but also a high efficiency, may have potential
applications in the integrated optics fields.
An ultracompact triplexer based on a shift of the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode in a planar photonic crystal
waveguide with a triangular lattice of air holes is presented and optimized. Some defect holes are introduced to control
the beam propagation. The radii of the holes are changed to realize it. The numerical results obtained by the
finite-difference time-domain method show that the proposed triplexer with a total size 12 μm × 6.5 μm can separate
three specific wavelengths i.e. 1310, 1490 and 1550 nm with the extinction ratios higher than -18 dB.
In this paper, we design a ultra-short 1×2 1310/1550 nm double-waveguide optical
power splitter based on photonic crystal multimode interference. The device can be
used to divide the input beam equally for both 1310nm and 1550nm at the same time.
The total multimode waveguide length of this device is only about 13 μm, which is
one 210th of the conventional dielectric counterparts reported. On the basis of the
guided mode propagation analysis method, the self-imaging effect is discussed for the
case of symmetric incidence. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to
simulate the propagation of the beam in the multimode interference. The results show
that the repetitive appearances of single image and twofold image of the input field
occur alternatively in this device.
We consider the coupling between four photonic crystal waveguide as a multimode
interference system and showed that the dispersion curves of the eigenmodes intersect
or almost intersect. Degenerate modes appear in the system. At the crossing point, the
multimode interference is deprived and power is confined to its input direction
without observable transfering to other photonic crystal waveguides. On the basis of
these, a wavelength de-multiplexer or multiplexer is designed.
A novel power splitter based on self-imaging phenomenon in multimode
heterostructure is designed and analyzed. Such a photonic crystal waveguide is a
structure combining square and hexagonal photonic crystal lattices. The size and
transmission of our designed new power splitter is much smaller and higher in
comparison with the conventional MMI power splitter. The device can be applied to
optical communication systems and be integrated easily with other optical devices.
The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is adopted for the numerical
simulation of related structure. This approach can be extended to novel design of
MMI device based on photonic crystals.
We study the optical response of 1D photonic crystal microcavities with Kerr nonlinear and with Kerr nonlinear and dispersive defects. By means of a transfer matrix method, Kerr nonlinear and dispersive are studied on the base of δ-function and a Lorentz oscillator model, respectively. For the systems with Kerr nonlinear defects only, the localized mode frequency depends on the localized light intensity. When incident light frequency is given, with the varying incident light intensity, the system exhibits bistability. For the systems with Kerr nonlinear and dispersive defects, it is found that the threshold intensity of nonlinear bistability is much lower than the system with Kerr nonlinear only. The low threshold intensity is useful for the applications of optical switches.
The main factor of Solitonlike mode creating in the one-dimensional photonic crystals with Kerr nonlinearity was investigated. By matching all boundary conditions we have solved the nonlinear wave equation of MPBGS. The relationship between solitonlike mode and the incident intensity, Kerr coefficient or linear photonic quantum well was calculated. The expression of the localized modes is exactly derived by means of a transfer matrix method, and is solved numerically. Under the linear approximation, the MPBGS sustains localized electromagnetic modes with discrete frequencies. When the nonlinearity is involved, the localized modes develope into solitonlike localized modes that without linear counterpart occur in the gap. They are caused purely by the nonlinear effect. It was found that with the reduction of linear photonic quantum well, rich and varied solitonlike electromagnetic modes appear in the gap. The lower linear photonic quantum well, the less the incident intensity of the first solitonlike mode appear. Although nonlinear is the essential reason caused solitonlike mode, the height of linear photonic quantum well play an important role.
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