Remote sensing, as a rapid and large-scale investigation and monitoring technology, widely used in the study of lake evolution and dynamic changes. In general, the evolution of lakes in the arid area is obviously controlled by the distribution of groundwater system. Based on high-resolution satellite data, this paper obtains, the elevations and boundaries of 124 lakes in a long time series in the Badain Jaran Desert region, and summarizes the pattern of, lake evolution and shrinkage. Besides, the division of the groundwater system in this region has been achieved, by estimating the water volume changes in the two periods, and the analysis of the regional geological structure characteristics. The application results show that over the years, the average elevation of the lake has decreased by 8.79m, the cumulative shrinkage of areas have reached 64.81 km2, and the total volume of lakes has been reduced by 465 million m3. The spatial differentiation characteristics of the shrinking lakes are obvious, and the difference in the extent of lake shrinkage is significantly controlled by the regional tectonic basement, which indicates that the regional groundwater system may have a local nested structure. Based on remote sensing method, the groundwater system in Badain Jaran Desert is divided into two primary units in the north and south, and four secondary units in the south.
A hyperspectral image (HSI) contains hundreds of spectral bands, which provide detailed spectral information, thus offering an inherent advantage in classification. The successful launch of the Gaofen-5 and ZY-1 02D hyperspectral satellites has promoted the need for large-scale geological applications, such as mineral and lithological mapping (LM). In recent years, following the success of computer vision, deep learning methods have shown their advantage in solving the problem of hyperspectral classification. However, the combination of deep learning and HSI to solve the problem of geological mapping is insufficient. We propose a new 3D convolutional autoencoder for LM. A pixel-based and cube-based 3D convolutional neural network architecture is designed to extract spatial–spectral features. Traditional and machine learning methods are employed as competing methods, trained on two real hyperspectral datasets, and evaluated according to the overall accuracy, F1 score, and other metrics. Results indicate that the proposed method can provide convincing results for LM applications on the basis of the hyperspectral data provided by the ZY-1 02D satellite. Compared with traditional methods, the combination of deep learning and hyperspectral can provide more efficient and highly accurate results. The proposed method has better robustness than supervised learning methods and shows great promise under small sample conditions. As far as we know, this work is the first attempt to apply unsupervised spatial–spectral feature learning technology in LM applications, which is of great significance for large-scale applications.
The loess area is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. This area has a large area of ecologically sensitive areas and fragile areas, and it is the region with the most serious soil erosion in the country. A lot of loess is attached to the surface of the loess area, the vegetation is relatively sparse, and the seasonal rainfall is obvious. Therefore, the amount of soil erosion is large, which has a significant impact on the soil fertility of the loess area. At the same time, a large amount of soil erosion poses a huge challenge to environmental protection in the middle and lower reaches. Therefore, the problem of soil erosion is a key phenomenon that needs attention in the loess area. This paper takes the loess area of Tongwei-Zhuanglang area in Gansu Province as the research object, uses the multi-year remote sensing image classification data as the background (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015), combined with meteorological data (this data is released according to CRU The global 0.5° climate data set and the high-resolution climate data set for China released by CNERN were generated by the Delta spatial downscaling scheme in the Loess Plateau area), soil data, and soil parameter data (source 1 from the second soil census: 1 million Chinese soil maps), topographic data (DEM), vegetation coverage data, and the use of an improved universal soil loss equation (RULSE) model to carry out soil erosion in the region for many years (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015) Strength information extraction and classification. Contrast and analyze the degree of soil erosion in the area for many years, and evaluate the local soil erosion prevention measures. Studies have shown that from 2000, 2010, and 2015, the degree of soil loss gradually decreased, and the total amount of soil loss gradually decreased. However, due to the abnormally reduced precipitation in 2005, the soil erosion was generally low, which was an abnormal situation. Overall, soil erosion has continued to decrease in recent years, and the effects of soil and water conservation have been remarkable.
The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the starting point of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The stability of the reservoir is critical to the safety of the surrounding residents. According to statistics, in recent years, with the increase of the Danjiangkou Reservoir's water storage capacity, earthquakes' frequency has gradually increased. It is of considerable significance to discuss the geological mechanism behind the phenomenon. In this paper, a case study of the Songwan area, northwest of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, was introduced. We tried to comprehensively analyze the main factors that caused high earthquake occurrences in the area from remote sensing and aeromagnetic survey data. The Landsat8 multispectral images were used to interpret and analyze the regional faults information. The results showed that the seismic concentration area is located at the intersection of a series of northwest-direction linear faults and a north-east linear fault, showing signs of circular structure around. In addition, aeromagnetic survey data reveals that there are large-scale and gentle magnetic anomalies in the seismic concentration area. It is speculated that the anomaly is caused by the underlying intermediate acid intrusion, which is consistent with the result of remote sensing interpretation. Using optical remote sensing and aeromagnetic survey technology, we analyzed the geological conditions and the causes of frequent earthquakes in the Songwan area from the perspective of regional structure and lithology and provide a valuable reference for the study of seismic mechanisms and safety precautions.
As a new multi-sensor satellite, GaoFen-5 (GF-5) has gradually attracted more attention. Especially, the GF-5 hyperspectral sensor has shown good prospects in geological applications, such as mineral mapping, geological body identification, and mining environment analysis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the effectiveness of GF-5 hyperspectral data relative to airborne hyperspectral images (HSI) in geological applications. In this paper, the characteristics and preprocessing steps of GF-5 HSI were introduced. The HyMap data in the Subei area was employed for comparative experiments to evaluate the application performance of GF-5 in gossan identification. The experimental results show that the diagnostic spectral characteristics of limonite can be observed through GF-5 data. The distribution trends of limonite in both hyperspectral data are consistent, and the concentration of the limonite area directly indicated the gossan information, indicating that GF-5 HSI has promising potential for mineral mapping and may have important significance in large-scale geological applications.
Hyperspectral Images (HSI) contains hundreds of spectral information, which provides detailed spectral information, has an inherent advantage in land cover classification. Benefiting from the previous studies on hyperspectral mechanisms, hyperspectral technology has achieved significant progress in classification. Deep learning technology, with remarkable learning ability, can better extract the spatial and spectral information of HIS, which is essential for classification. However, the research and application of deep learning in HIS classification are still insufficient, especially in terms of combining with prior knowledge, which has an advantage in data optimization. In this paper, a novel CNN network, name IUNet, is proposed for airborne hyperspectral classification. Besides, Besides, a series of knowledge-guided methods such as Radiation Consistency Correction (RCC) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) were introduced to optimize the HIS data. Selected spectral indexes are employed to improve the classification accuracy according to the characteristics of the target. The HyMap images from Gongzhuling area of Jilin Province are used for experiments, and the experimental results show that the application of prior knowledge in data optimization can significantly improve the classification performance of hyperspectral classification based on deep learning.
Recent developments in hyperspectral remote sensing have heightened the need for large-scale quantitative applications. As an important part of preprocessing, radiation correction and optimization are of great significance for subsequent quantitative analysis. The radiometry of hyperspectral images is influenced by many factors. For airborne hyperspectral data, the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) has the greatest effect on radiation. This effect, which mainly depends on the sun-view geometry, will lead to an across-track illumination gradient in the image and seriously affect the radiometric consistencies of the regional image mosaics. This contribution describes an improved empirical method for radiometric optimization of multi-strip airborne hyperspectral images. Also, a cubic fitting equation and a statistical matching algorithm are used to generate the seamless image mosaics and remove the radiation inconsistency caused by the viewing and incident angle. As a case, The airborne hyperspectral images from the Lop Nor area of Xinjiang Province were processed and used for geological mapping. Results suggest that the method we proposed can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of regional geological mapping through radiometric optimization.
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