Phase detection is one of the most important processing steps in optical phase-shifting interferometry. It aims to
reconstruct the phase field of wavefront from the interferogram. To solve this problem, many algorithms of phase
detection have been proposed these years. Here, A FFT-based two-step phase shifting (TPS) algorithm is described in
detail and implemented by use of experimental interferograms. This algorithm has been proposed to solve the TPS
problem with random phase shift except π. By comparison with the Visibility-Function-based TPS algorithm, it proves
that the FFT-based algorithm has obvious advantages in phase extracting. Meanwhile, we present a π-phase-shift
supplement to the TPS algorithm, which combines the two interferograms and demodulates the phase map from a
combined interferogram. So combining this quasi-two-step method and FFT-based one, one could really implement the
TPS with random phase shift. Thereafter, we design an optical setup of two-channel TPS interferometer with random
phase shift, which could capture the two interferograms simultaneously. At the same time, we propose a fringe-variable
Jamin interferometer to detect reversed domain of ferroelectric crystal in real time. It could realize the two-step phase
shifting with π radian.
A novel method to construct a quality map, called modulation–phase-gradient variance (MPGV), is proposed, based on modulation and the phase gradient. The MPGV map is successfully applied to two phase-unwrapping algorithms—the improved weighted least square and the quality-guided unwrapping algorithm. Both simulated and experimental data testify to the validity of our proposed quality map. Moreover, the unwrapped-phase results show that the new quality map can have higher reliability than the conventional phase-derivative variance quality map in helping to unwrap noisy, low-modulation, and/or discontinuous phase maps.
The paper comprehensively analyzes and evaluates the mechanical property and thermo-structure distortions of the assembly of circular wedge prism in the device by method of finite element analysis. Regarding the prism assembly as a finite element model, the optical-mechanical-thermal integrating analysis is done. In terms of the principle of structure statics, the structure design and intensity of the prism assembly is verified and checked, and the analysis of surface deformation of the prism is correspondingly provided under static loading; then the thermal elasticity distortions of the prism are analyzed and the estimation of optics performance of the circular wedge prism is given. The analysis results show: the maximal distortion of the prism assembly is 10nm magnitude and the maximal stress is 0.403Mpa, which has much tolerance to the admissible stress of material and the precision requirement of structure; By comparing thermal-structure coupling analysis with statics analysis, the influence of heat effect on the prism surface deformations is proved far greater than the influence of static loading, so the strict temperature-controlled measures must be taken when the device is used.
Finding the distance of object in a scene from vision information is an important problem in machine vision. A large number of techniques for passive ranging of unknown objects have been developed over the years (i.e. range from stereo, motion, focus and defocus). Nearly all such techniques may be framed in terms of a differential formalism. In the case of binocular stereo, two different images are taken from cameras at different discrete viewpoints, similarly, difference between consecutive images are often used to determine viewpoint derivatives for structure from motion and two or more different images taken from cameras with different aperture size are used to compute the derivative respect to aperture size for range from focus and defocus method. All this methods may be fallen into a discrete differentiation category. Farid proposed a consecutive differentiation method for range estimation which employs the intensity variation of the images along with the aperture changes to measure the range information. In this paper, we first consider the plenoptic function which is a powerful mathematical tool for understanding the primary vision problem. We then show an algorithm within a differential framework for range estimation based on the assumption of brightness constancy. Finally we show several implementations of passive ranging using this differential algorithm.
The physical response of photorefractive materials under inhomogeneous illumination is well described by using material equations. Usual solutions to material equations are based on the assumption that the light modulation is small enough to linearize the equations. However, large light modulation, the presence of applied electric field and short time pulses are always required in many applications. A few analytical approaches and numerical solutions are developed for large light modulation. But certain simplifications are applied to the set of material equations and large computational effort is required. In this paper we present a numerical approach based on method of lines for simulating the photorefractive kinetics at high light modulation with an applied electric field. No approximations are made during the simulation and less effort is required during computation. We use different values of light modulation and applied electric field to present the numerical results. Time-space distribution of the carrier density and the space charge field, field amplitude evolution are obtained. Compared to the results under the small light modulation approximation, this method helps to understand the dynamics of photorefractive grating formation at high light modulation. A comparison is also made between the coupling coefficient obtained by this numerical method and that by analytical expressions.
Two-dimensional phase unwrapping (PhU) is one of the most important processing steps in optical phase-shifting interferometry. It aims to reconstruct the continuous phase field, but in fact, it becomes very difficult to perform the PhU due to the existence of noise, low modulation, under sampling, discontinuities or other defects. For solving the problem, we present a new PhU method which is based on the local parameter-guided fitting plane. It relies on the basic plane-approximated assumption for phase value of local pixels and is guided by our proposed parameter map- Modulation-Gradient and Pseudo-Correlation (MGPC) parameter map. This new map is the combination of fringe modulation and wrapped phase, thus it's reliable in estimating the quality or goodness of phase data. Meanwhile, the adoption of fitting plane for the 3×3 window of pixels makes the process of PhU very fast. In applications, we offer the simulated and the experimental data to compare our method with the two previously reported path-following unwrapping algorithms. The unwrapped results show our proposed PhU method not only is efficient, but also has higher noise robustness in recovering the true phase field.
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