Models of mode-locked fiber laser include rate equation, Nonlinear Schr&diaero;dinger (NLS) equation model and time
domain model. On the basis of combining the rate equation and NLS equation, we have developed a novel mode-locked
fiber laser model, which can not only describe the dispersion and nonlinear effect of fiber, but also take consideration
of the reciprocity of pump photon and signal photon. With the proposed model, we have made an investigation on the
propagation characteristics of mode-locked signal, pump and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) along longitudinal
fiber by numerical method. The numerical results show that optical single pulse results from noise while the density of
level 1 is decreasing and the density of level 2 is increasing. And the mode-locked pulse becomes stable when both of
two densities are stable. The simulations also show that the pump and ASE power attenuate exponentially along
longitudinal doped fiber, and the attenuation rates of pump and ASE power increase as the doped density does.
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