A Nanoporous glass matrix is developed to encapsulate molecular probes for monitoring important biological
parameters such as DO. The hydrophobic nanoporous host matrix is designed and fabricated using room temperature
sol gel technique. The doped sol gel is then coated on biocompatible self adhesive patches or directly coated on the
biocontainers. We demonstrate the application of this technique in non-invasive monitoring DO as well as oxygen
partial pressure in a closed fermentation process as well as in a cell culture plate during bacterial growth. Dynamic
response of sensor, sensitivity and accuracy is also demonstrated in this paper.
The preliminary data presented here suggests that direct coating of biological agent with DNA capture elements and organic semiconductor (DALM) with chelated rare earths such as scandium, europium or neodymium can be used to track the agent, even when the biological components have been subsequently destroyed. The use of these three taggant components in conjunction with each other affords the opportunity to determine the presence of the biological agent by several methods---laser induced plasma spectroscopy, thermochemiluminescence, mass spectroscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR; if the primers are left on the DCEs or the agent's own DNA is used as the source of the amplicon). The specific DCE-labeling or PCR allows for confirmation of physical measurement results as specific to the agent.
Multiwavelength spectroscopy is a rapid technique that provides quantitative information for the detection and identification of cells. A typical multiwavelength spectrum reflects the chemical composition, size, internal structure arid number of cells present in a sample. These properties constitute essential information for the identification and classification of cells. The multiwavelength spectrum is generated from the combined scattering and absorption characteristics of the sample. Light scattering theory is then used to deconvolute the spectrum for estimates ofthe critical parameters necessary for the detection and identification of cells. This approach has been used to determine the spectral fingerprint for blood cells, bacterial cells and protozoa. The characteristic set of optical properties for platelets, E. coil and Cryptosporidium have been determined as a function of wavelength and used for the quantitative interpretation ofUV-vis spectra within the context ofMie theory. The models developed using this approach provide reliable and accurate estimates for cell size, number, chemical composition and internal structure. Information on the chemical composition is further deconvoluted into quantitative estimates of nucleic acid and protein content. This type of detailed information is thell used for the discrimination of cell types. The technique is applicable to a wide range of cell types found in diverse environments. Advances in the development of miniaturized spectrometers increase the potential of this method as an excellent candidate for a rapid, reliable and efficient biosensor.
The quality of platelets transfused is vital to the effectiveness of the transfusion. Freshly prepared, discoid platelets are the most effective treatment for preventing spontaneous hemorrhage or for stopping an abnormal bleeding event. Current methodology for the routine testing of platelet quality involves random pH testing of platelet rich plasma and visual inspection of platelet rich plasma for a swirling pattern indicative of the discoid shape of the cells. The drawback to these methods is that they do not provide a quantitative and objective assay for platelet functionality that can be used on each platelet unit prior to transfusion. As part of a larger project aimed at characterizing whole blood and blood components with multiwavelength UV/vis spectroscopy, isolated platelets and platelet in platelet rich plasma have been investigated. Models based on Mie theory have been developed which allow for the extraction of quantitative information on platelet size, number and quality from multi-wavelength UV/vis spectra. These models have been used to quantify changes in platelet rich plasma during storage. The overall goal of this work is to develop a simple, rapid quantitative assay for platelet quality that can be used prior to platelet transfusion to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. As a result of this work, the optical properties for isolated platelets, platelet rich plasma and leukodepleted platelet rich plasma have been determined.
The current methods used for typing blood involve an agglutination reaction which results from the association of specific antibodies with antigens present on the erythrocyte cell surface. While this method is effective, it requires involved laboratory procedures to detect the cell surface antigens. As an alternative technique, uv/vis spectroscopy has been investigated as a novel way to characterize and differentiate the blood types. Typing with this technique is based on spectral differences which appear throughout portions of both the ultraviolet and visible range. The origin of these spectral differences is unknown and presently under investigation. They may be due to intrinsic absorption differences at the molecular level, and/or they may be due to scattering differences brought about by either subtle variation in cell surface characteristics, cell shape or state of aggregation. As the background optical density in these samples is identified and accounted for, the spectral differences become more defined. This work and the continuation of this project will be included in a general database encompassing a wide range of blood samples. In addition, long term goals involve the investigation of diseased blood with the potential of providing a more rapid diagnosis for blood borne pathogens.
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