In this paper, the broadband absorption and narrowband absorption conversion can be achieved by introducing vanadium dioxide from the insulator to metal phase transition. The absorption tunable terahertz metamaterial device is composed of vanadium dioxide metasurface, silica spacer, vanadium dioxide film, patterned metal layer, silica spacer and metal substrate form the top to the bottom. The simulations demonstrate that the device can efficiently absorb more than 90% of the energy in the frequency range of 1.20-2.29 THz when the vanadium dioxide is in its fully metal state. The broadband performance is sustained over a wide range of incident angles, and is also insensitive to polarization due to the symmetry. However, as the vanadium dioxide is in its insulate state, the device behaves as a multi-narrowband absorber and absorbs over 95% of the incident power at 0.506, 1.022, 1.703, 1.967 THz, respectively. The narrowband performance is maintained over a wide range of incident angles. Furthermore, the influence of the different geometrical parameters on the absorptance performance is discussed. The proposed tunable absorber can be used in various applications, such as modulating, sensing and imaging technology.
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