With the rapid development of optoelectronic weapons, optoelectronic confrontation is a hot topic in modern high-tech local wars, and smoke screens are an important means of optoelectronic confrontation. In order to promote the research of anti-infrared smoke screen materials, to understand the research status of anti-infrared smoke screen materials, and to improve the interference performance of smoke screens in the mid-to-far infrared band, a systematic analysis was carried out from the classification, test evaluation, problem status and development trend of smoke screen materials. The research results show that hot smoke materials and cold smoke materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although hot smoke materials explode into smoke quickly, they are highly toxic and corrosive; cold smoke materials are non-toxic and harmless, but they are dispersive and effective. The shielding time needs to be improved, and new types of nanomaterials that are non-toxic, harmless, and have good mid- and far-infrared interference effects continue to emerge. The current status of smoke screen research is mainly manifested in the different limitations of different smoke screen materials and the short effective shielding time. The future development trend of smoke screen materials is to develop new smoke screen materials that are non-toxic, harmless, environmentally friendly, excellent in suspension performance, and easy to produce.
Passive interference from smoke screen is an important part of optoelectronic countermeasure. With the rapid development of photoelectric weapons, the status of the smoke screen aerosol is increasing day by day, and multi- spectrum composite jammers have become the top priority of smokescreen passive interference technology. In order to promote the research and application transformation of smoke screen materials, understand the research status of composite interference materials and improve the jamming performance of smoke screens on infrared/millimeter wave band, this paper finishes the analysis of the system from the interference of material composition, extinction mechanism, problems and development trend under the condition of selecting composite interference of infrared/millimeter wave smoke materials as the main research object. The research results show that: the combined interference material and the integrated interference material have their own advantages and disadvantages. New types of composite interference materials with better composite interference effects and a complete range are constantly emerging. The status quo of the current research is mainly manifested in the different limitations of different smoke screen materials and the poor systemicity of the compound extinction mechanism. Smoke screen materials are generally developing in the direction of excellent dynamic characteristics, low cost, easy survival and environmental protection.
In order to deal with the military threat of MMW detection and precision-guided weapons, Millimeter-wave interference property of Carbon Fiber(CF) and Military Expanded Graphite(EG) is analyzed contrastively. The experimental results show that under the same index condition, the attenuation rates of Military Expanded Graphite jamming 3mm and 8mm wave are 68.86% and 61.24%, the mass extinction coefficient (Mc) of 3mm wave is 0.193m2 /g and the Mc of 8mm wave is 0.149m2 /g. While, the attenuation rates of CF jamming 3mm and 8mm wave are 96.80% and 94.65%, the CF mass extinction coefficients of 3mm and 8mm wave are 0.618m2 /g and 0.515m2 /g. The evaluations of attenuation rate and mass extinction coefficient show that the interference effects of short-cut CF on 3mm and 8mm wave are obviously better than Military Expanded Graphite, and the attenuation ability of 3mm wave is stronger than 8mm wave. The compound enhancement technique of Carbon Fiber and Expanded Graphite is studied. The research shows that mixing of Carbon Fiber with Expanded Graphite can obviously enhance the MMW interference property of Expanded Graphite smoke screen. And the dispersion characteristic of Carbon Fiber is improved. Research results provide a new way of idea and technical methods for the study of new MMW smoke agent, enrich the application of the multi-wave smoking vehicle, and enhance potential military effectiveness of CF in the field of passive jamming.
With the development of modern photoelectric reconnaissance and precision guidance weapons, infrared/millimeterwave composite reconnaissance guidance technology is more and more widely used, which greatly enhances the anti-jamming capability of photoelectric weapon system, and also puts forward higher requirements for the stealth protection of targets. In order to explore the protective effect of chopped carbon fiber material on the photoelectric stealth of the target, the thin films coated with chopped carbon fiber were prepared, and the experimental platform was constructed by using infrared thermal imager and millimeter-wave linear array imaging system. The effect of different areal density and different layers of chopped carbon fiber film on infrared/millimeter-wave imaging was tested. The results show that the coating of short cut carbon fiber film has obvious attenuation effect on infrared / millimeter-wave imaging. With the increase of the areal density of chopped carbon fiber, the influence of the film on the infrared/millimeter-wave imaging effect is significantly enhanced, the target contour is gradually blurred, and the attenuation of infrared imaging can reach 94% at the areal density of 9 g/m2. At the same time, it also has a good attenuation effect on the millimeter-wave. The effect of multi-layer superposition of chopped carbon fiber film on infrared/millimeter wave imaging is more obvious.
In view of the practical demand of infrared (IR) / millimeter wave (MMW) composite interference smoke technology, the extinction mechanism of chopped carbon fiber (CF) to IR and MMW was analyzed, and the chopped CF smoke cloud was formed by explosive dispersion. Taking attenuation rate and effective time as indexes, the IR/MMW composite interference performance was studied experimentally. The results show that the chopped CF has the ability to attenuate IR/MMW, the attenuation is the result of both absorption and scattering, and the smoke cloud of chopped CF has good attenuation effect on IR, 3mm and 8mm waves. The attenuation rate is more than 95%, and the effective time is 45s, 67s and 54s, respectively, indicating that chopped CF is a good smoke material with IR/MMW interference function.
A 100GHz millimeter high speed linear camera and a 100GHz radiation source has been combined with a transmission band which running at a uniform speed to form a set of initiative terahertz imaging system. According to the characteristic of initiative terahertz imaging system, an iron circle was used to be as a target, and the imaging effect has been tested when the target was covered by some silk, black insulation rubber, white silicon rubber, paperboard, expandable polyethylene, polystyrene cystosepiment, leather cloth or carbon fiber cloth. The change law of the brightness has been studied and an equation has been built to indicate the brightness of the target varies with the thickness of the covered sheets. As a result, 100GHz millimeter wave can penetrate many objects to detect metal target except carbon fiber cloth, rubbers and other special objects. When the imaging system is used to be a set of security check, the power of the radiation source must be enough great to catch the weak signal coming from the metal target covered by opaque materials to millimeter wave. When an unknown or black object appears in watching screen, the security check must be done by hand to confirm whether there is a piece of metal or other special object.
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