The optical mechanical system of laser communication has the characteristics of compact structure, highly integration, and multi optical axes integration. The consistency between transmission and reception, divergence angle, and wavefront of the optical telescope of the system are very important indicators. In response to the above difficulties and characteristics, this article conducts research on computer-aided adjustment, fiber optic coupling, and transceiver consistency testing. Currently, coaxial and off-axis optical telescope aligning technologies, high-precision fiber optic coupling debugging technology, and turntable linked space optical path transceiver consistency assembling technology have been formed, which can achieve the target requirements of transceiver consistency of 3μrad and system divergence angle of 30μrad.
This paper investigates a method for measuring and calibrating the mirror attitude, tilt monitoring system, and compensation lens in a diffraction camera. Firstly, a measurement network is established by installing a reference prism and a theodolite on the load-bearing plate, enabling the overall measurement of the position of the mirror relative to the camera. Then, by changing the attitude of the mirror and recording the changes in the detector point coordinates, the relationship between the direction angle of the mirror and the detector point coordinates is calculated. Then, by adjusting the compensation lens in its local coordinate system, the relationship between the compensation lens and the detector point coordinates is obtained. Finally, by substituting the above matrix into the conversion matrix formula, the conversion matrix between the direction angle of the secondary mirror and the compensation lens translation is obtained, thereby completing the calibration of the attitude. This method can directly drive the compensation lens according to the change in the position of the mirror, ensuring the imaging quality of the camera.
A five-mirror optical derotator system is used in the Accurate Infrared Magnetic System solar telescope by virtue of its polarization-free and superior real-time performance. The derotator system can compensate image rotation during tracking observation. The system consists of five flat mirrors with their normal vectors noncoplanar. Due to the complicated spatial positions of mirrors, it is challenging to align the system with high accuracy. We analyze parallelism and concentricity characteristic of derotator system by matrix transformation and propose a compensation alignment method from multivariables perturbation simulation. This method reduces degrees of freedom for alignment from 10 to 4, which greatly simplifies the installation and adjustment process. Based on the above simulation, the alignment experiment has been conducted successfully with the parallelism and concentricity meeting the requirements. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the proposed method is reasonable and provides an efficient alignment solution for this kind of five-mirror optical derotator system.
In this paper, the assembly and rectification method of the new optical system is studied. According to the characteristics and difficulties of the diffraction camera, the assembly and rectification scheme is formulated. Firstly, the space angle of the mirror is determined by the spatial attitude measurement and the reference conversion matrix method. The coaxial adjustment and combined detection and adjustment of each transmission lens group are completed by the self alignment method. The method of sensitivity matrix iterative fine adjustment based on aberration is applied in the whole machine assembly and adjustment process. Finally, the high-precision assembly and detection of the complex offset axis infrared diffraction camera were completed, and the wave aberration on the axis reached 0.119λ@3.39μm. The MTF reached 0.13@33lp/mm, meeting the design requirements. This method provides engineering experience and reference for similar camera assembly and adjustment process methods.
Coaxial transmission optical systems can be assembled by optical centering processing and optical centering assembly to eliminate the eccentricity and tilt of each lens, thus ensuring the coaxiality of the lens. Non-coaxial transmission optical systems cannot be assembled by the traditional optical centering method, and this type of system poses a new challenge to the assembly method. Aiming at a non-coaxial transmissive optical system, this paper proposes a precise assembly method based on the spatial coordinate change and the principle of self-collimation imaging. Firstly, we calculate the spatial angle and eccentricity value of different axis mirror groups, and then use two self-collimating theodolites and optical reticle centering tools to construct the spatial angle reference and eccentricity reference for different axis mirror groups. Then, the spatial position of each lens group is determined by the adjustment method of auto-collimation. The article finally carried out the alignment experiment. The wavefront RMS of the optical system after alignment is 0.026λ@632.8nm which meets the design requirements and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The axial compact fixing position of the optical element is mainly carried out in the form of tightening the compression ring in the optical lens assembly process. Most of the existing compression ring tightening methods use forceps and other general press ring tightening tools, the degree of tightening of the pressure ring when used mainly depends on the experience and feel of the assembler, cannot quantify the compression ring tightening torque. In order to solve the above technical problems, the research topic of optical lens compression moment quantification process technology is proposed. Based on the principle of strain sensor, a special digital explicit compression moment device was successfully developed. According to the mass production project of XX optical lenses, the test scheme of the tightening moment of each lens press is designed, and multiple compression ring tightening tests are carried out using a special digital explicit compression moment device, and the corresponding change relationship between the compression moment range of the whole lens and the lens surface type (RMS) is summarized. According to GB/T 34516-2017 "Spacecraft Vibration Test Method", the random vibration test method in the vertical direction of "sweep-vibration-sweep frequency" was used to complete the compression moment tightening performance and reliability verification. The test results are shown that the characteristic sweep curve of the optical lens before and after the vibration has not changed, the modality has always remained stable, the lens shape (RMS) remains unchanged, the optical lens is not loosened, the digital explicit compression moment device developed meets the technical requirements of the optical lens assembly process, and the compression ring tightening torque is quantified, which further improves the assembly quality reliability and assembly efficiency.
In the field of the active wavefront correction for off-axis telescopes, the sensitivity matrix and damped least squares method are widely employed to calculate the misalignment. Improper selection of the damping coefficient will lead to bad wavefront correction results. Moreover, the calculated misalignment is referenced on the optical coordinate system, which cannot be directly applied as the control quantity. The article has two innovative points to solve these problems. First, an adaptive damping least squares method is proposed. The method considers the mirror surface error, uses Python + Zemax cosimulation to perform closed-loop reverse verification, and selects the optimal damping coefficient. Simulation is carried out for verification. Second, the article deduces the mathematical relationship between the calculated misalignment and the mechanism control quantity. Based on the above research, the wavefront active correction experiment has been completed. The optical component is actively adjusted with the wavefront quickly converging to RMS = 0 . 055λ @ 632 . 8 nm. The results verify the correctness of the proposed method.
As for the conventional off-axis telescope system structure, the primary and secondary mirror are mostly fixed. The alignment process lacks adjustment mechanism. In addition, the off-axis system has no rotational symmetry which increases the difficulty of alignment and makes the cycle longer. In order to solve the above problems, an off-axis telephoto system structure is designed. The primary mirror has a four degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism can be fine-tuned manually. The secondary mirror is driven by 6-aixs motion hexapod electrically. At the same time, perturbation analysis is carried out for this optical system. The sensitivity matrix between misalignments of second mirror and aberration coefficients is obtained. Based on the matrix, adjustment strategy is proposed [1-9]. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed structure and adjustment strategy is verified by experiments.The detailed process is described below.
Coaxial optical system has a symmetry of revolution. Alignment for this kind of optical system is easy. The desired image quality can be rapidly converged. As for off-axis optical system, traditional optical alignment method can not be used due to the loss of rotational symmetry. Low initial position accuracy makes installation and adjustment more difficult than usual. In this paper, we aim to solve the alignment problem for off-axis optical system with the help of machine learning and its powerful numerical fitting ability. We carried out our research on alignment method for an Gregorian off-axis system. The location of primary mirror is fixed as the optical reference. Alignment process is to adjust posture of secondary mirror to acquire ideal image quality. We use Zemax and Python co-simulation technology to get simulated data. Then multi-layer artificial neural network is utilized to fit the mathematical relationship between misalignments and Zernike coefficients. Given the coefficients, the misalignments can be calculated by the neural network. Finally we conduct alignment experiment to verify the proposed method. The result has proved that this method is a fast and efficient alignment solution for the off-axis optical systems.
The laser transceiver contains a lot of complex optical refractors. The laser signal is emitted from the laser, transmitted through the optical fiber and the transceiver, and entered into the air after multiple splitting, reflection and expansion, so as to exchange information with the outside world. The direction of the laser axis changes with the motion of the two-dimensional turntable. In the process of coupling between the laser fiber and the transceiver, the parallel light generated by the receiving and transmitting collimator should be meet the requirements of consistent divergence angel, parallelism and coincidence at the light outlet of the device. In this paper, the method optical axis consistency detection and adjustment in the process of laser coupling and turntable integration is studied, the device for determining the optical axis reference is designed. By means of precise adjustment, the optical axis and the reference device coincide precisely, and the detection and debugging of optical axis paralleling and coincidence are realized.
Off-axis refractive system with the noticeable advantages such as high resolution, large view field and central obscuration removed, has been one of the powerful systems for space astronomical telescopes in recent years. However, misalignment errors and surface error of mirrors are significant especially in the alignment progress of off-axis reflective telescope with large aperture. Computer aided assembling (CAA) jointly provide a robust misalignment correction method to ensure the accurate alignment of telescope. In this paper, system aberration of misalignment coaxial system with two mirrors is analyzed in detail, moreover, the off-axis system is studied further, especially in the off-axis Gregorian system. And the feasibility of correction values solution about off-axis refractive system is discussed. Both the simulation and experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed alignment method and high accuracy has been achieved. In the testing off-axis Gregorian system, the primary mirror is paraboloid with 1200 mm diameter, 210 mm off-axis distance, and the second mirror is ellipsoid with off-axis distance 129.0 mm, focal length 425 mm and 2125 mm, respectively. For the testing off-axis Gregorian system, the RMS value of primary mirror and second mirror are 0.021 λ and 0.027 λ (λ = 0.6328 nm), and the testing optimization result of system wavefront aberration with RMS value is better than 0.058 λ is achieved. The reverse optimization method testing can achieve high-accuracy measurement ability, which provides efficient and flexible way for the off axis refractive system from various types of elements with complex surfaces.
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