Mr. Michael Raju Profile

Michael Raju

Postdoctoral reseacher at Tyndall National Institute

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Accurate colorectal cancer detection and delineation by probing superficial and deeper tissue biochemistry and microstructure using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Michael Raju, Jacqueline Gunther, Siddra Maryam, Michael Amissah, Shane Killeen, Huihui Lu, Micheal O’Riordain, Stefan Andersson-Engels

Proceedings Volume 11943, 1194302 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609547

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Cancer, Colorectal cancer, Error control coding, Blood, Scattering, Tumors, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Chromophores, Mie scattering, Spectral data processing, Near infrared spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Optical properties, Monte Carlo methods

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and the second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. Developing new technologies for accurate CRC detection/delineation for resection during microsurgery requires unveiling tissue biochemical and microstructural changes associated with carcinogenesis. These changes can be probed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which is capable of extracting tissue chromophore concentrations and scattering parameters. Previous CRC studies have been mostly restricted to chromophores in the visible region and analytical light diffusion models. In this study, we extended this wavelength range to 350–1919 nm and used the range between 450–1590 nm to extract tissue biochemical and microstructural parameters. This extraction was performed by using DRS spectral fitting based on a reflectance look-up table built using Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in tissues. Tissue parameters were used as an input to classification and regression tree algorithm to estimate parameter thresholds leading to best tissue differentiation for CRC detection/delineation. Differentiation between mucosa and tumor tissues was based on 2889 diffuse reflectance spectra from fresh ex vivo tissue samples from 47 subjects. All analyses were performed to investigate data of superficial tissue up to 1.1 mm and deeper tissue layers up to 1.8 mm. The most important parameters for CRC detection were total lipid content, water content, reduced scattering amplitude, Mie scattering power, and microvascular parameters. We not only confirmed the importance of these parameters with metrics in addition to statistical tests and classification models of our previous studies, but also extended the motivation of achieving successful tissue classification with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) higher than 90% with interpretable DRS spectral fitting parameters. Our analysis may have important clinical applications for the rapid diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia.

Proceedings Article | 7 December 2021 Paper

Optical determination of superficial and deeper tissue biochemistry and microstructure for delineation and early detection of colorectal cancer

Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Michael Raju, Jacqueline Gunther, Siddra Maryam, Michael Amissah, Shane Killeen, Michael O'Riordain, Stefan Andersson-Engels

Proceedings Volume 11919, 119190S (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614592

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Tissue optics, Colorectal cancer, Biochemistry, Scattering, Tumors, Light scattering, Cancer, Mie scattering, Error control coding

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2018 Paper

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determination of optical properties and chromophore concentrations of mice internal organs in the range of 350 nm to 1860 nm

Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Michael Raju, Jacqueline Gunther, Konstantin Grygoryev, Katarzyna Komolibus, Huihui Lu, Stefan Andersson-Engels

Proceedings Volume 10685, 106853G (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306636

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Scattering, Reflectivity, Heart, Liver, Mie scattering, Kidney, Chromophores, Optical properties, Rayleigh scattering, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Optical diagnostics, Biomedical optics, Biophotonic applications, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2015 Paper

Diffuse reflectance based inverse Monte Carlo model for the estimation of the dependent scattering of intralipid 20% using a simplified two fiber oblique geometry set up

Michael Raju, Sujatha Narayanan Unni

Proceedings Volume 9325, 93250D (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079203

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering, Photon transport, Tissues, Modeling, Tissue optics, Data modeling, Calibration, Statistical modeling

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