Dr. Olivier Guyon Profile

Dr. Olivier Guyon

Astronomer at Univ of Arizona

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Journal Editorial Board Member | Author

Area of Expertise:

Astronomy , Adaptive Optics , Interferometry , Exoplanets , Coronagraphy

Websites:

Personal Website

Profile Summary

Dr Guyon has been developing and validating in the laboratory innovative techniques for detecting and characterizing Extrasolar planets. Dr Guyon's research includes coronagraphy, wavefront sensing techniques for Adaptive Optics, and astrometry. Dr Guyon developped the Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph, a highly efficient optical device to mask light from a star while preserving light from planets around it.
Dr Guyon is currently leading the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) group at the Subaru Telescope to use these new techniques on the Subaru telescope for exoplanet detection and characterization. Dr Guyon also works for the University of Arizona, where he is developing high contrast imaging techniques for current and future ground and space-based telescopes.

Dr Guyon was awarded the 2006 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) by Office of the President of the United States, and the 2012 MacArthur fellowship.

Publications (221)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 20, 2018

Subaru AO188 upgrade phase 1: integration of the new real-time system

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Human-machine interfaces, Telescopes, Electronics, Avalanche photodetectors, Matrices, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Real-time computing

SPIE Journal Paper | September 12, 2018

Characterizing vibrations at the Subaru Telescope for the Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics instrument

Julien Lozi, Olivier Guyon, Nemanja Jovanovic, Naruhisa Takato, Garima Singh, Barnaby Norris, Hirofumi Okita, Takamasa Bando, Frantz Martinache

JATIS Vol. 4 Issue 04

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Coronagraphy, Computer programming, Adaptive optics, Image quality, Device simulation, Imaging systems, Mirrors, Point spread functions, Wavefront sensors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 21, 2018

Review of high-contrast imaging systems for current and future ground- and space-based telescopes I: coronagraph design methods and optical performance metrics

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Optical instrument design

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2018

Lessons for WFIRST CGI from ground-based high-contrast systems

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Polarization, Calibration, Satellites, Imaging spectroscopy, Polarimetry, Coronagraphy, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2018

Precision astrometry mission for exoplanet detection around binary stars

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Calibration, Exoplanets, Planets, Space operations

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 1, 2018

Design and performance analysis of a PIAACMC coronagraph on a segmented aperture

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Apodization, Mirrors, Image segmentation, Manufacturing, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Geometrical optics, Phase shifts, Near field optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 1, 2018

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx)

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Stars, Ultraviolet radiation, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Astrophysics, Planetary systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 24, 2018

The mid-infrared imager, spectrometer, coronagraph (MISC) for the Origins Space telescope (OST)

Proc. SPIE. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes

The Mid-infrared Imager, Spectrometer, Coronagraph (MISC) is one of the instruments studied both for the Origins Space Telescope (OST) Mission Concept 1 and 2. The MISC for OST Mission Concept 1 consists of the MISC imager and spectrometer module (MISC I and S), the MISC coronagraph module (MISC COR) and the MISC transit spectrometer module (MISC TRA). The MISC I and S offers (1) a wide field (3 arcminx3 arcmin) imaging and low-resolution spectroscopic capability with filters and grisms for 6-38 μm, (2) a medium-resolution (R~1,000) Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopic capability for 5- 38 μm and (3) a high-resolution (R~25,000) slit spectroscopic capability for 12-18 μm and 25-36 μm. The MISC COR module employs PIAACMC coronagraphy method and covers 6-38 μm achieving 10-7 contrast at 0.5 arcsec from the central star. The MISC TRA module employs a densified pupil spectroscopic design to achieve 3-5 ppm of spectro-photometric stability and covers 5-26 μm with R=100-300. The MISC for OST Mission Concept 2 consists of the MISC wide field imager module (MISC WFI) and the MISC transit Spectrometer module (MISC TRA). The MISC WFI offers a wide field (3 arcmin ×3 arcmin) imaging and low-resolution spectroscopic capabilities with filters and grisms for 6-28μm. The MISC TRA module in the OST Mission Concept 2 also employs the densified pupil spectroscopic design to achieve <5 ppm of spectro-photometric stability and covers 4-22 μm with R=100-300. The highest ever spectrophotometric stability achieved by MISC TRA enables to detect bio-signatures (e.g., ozone, water, and methane) in habitable worlds in both primary and secondary transits of exoplanets and makes the OST a powerful tool to bring an revolutionary progress in exoplanet sciences. Combined with the spectroscopic capability in the FIR provided by other OST instruments, the MISC widens the wavelength coverage of OST down to 5μm, which makes the OST a powerful tool to diagnose the physical and chemical condition of the ISM using dust features, molecules lines and atomic and ionic lines. The MISC also provides the OST with a focal plane guiding function for the other OST science instruments as well as its own use.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 24, 2018

Active speckle control with microwave kinetic inductance detectors (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Speckle, Sensors, Single photon, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Microwave radiation, Active sensors, Inductance

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 18, 2018

Modeling coronagraphic extreme wavefront control systems for high contrast imaging in ground and space telescope missions

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Optical components, Telescopes, Mirrors, Image segmentation, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Wave propagation, Space telescopes, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 17, 2018

The compute and control for adaptive optics (CACAO) real-time control software package

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Cameras, Image processing, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Data processing, Process control, Adaptive control, Sensor fusion

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 17, 2018

Rolling shutter detector data flow strategies to push the limits of AO performance

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, CMOS sensors, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Numerical simulations, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Image sensors, Space telescopes, Modeling and simulation, CCD image sensors, Camera shutters, Prototyping, Frame grabbers

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 17, 2018

Wavefront control architecture and expected performance for the TMT Planetary Systems Imager

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Stars, Imaging systems, Speckle, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 16, 2018

The planetary systems imager: 2-5 micron channel

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Spectrographs, Imaging systems, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Planetary systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 13, 2018

SCExAO, an instrument with a dual purpose: perform cutting-edge science and develop new technologies

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Telescopes, Polarization, Speckle, Cameras, Wavefronts, Polarimetry, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Infrared radiation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 13, 2018

The infrared Doppler (IRD) instrument for the Subaru telescope: instrument description and commissioning results

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Cameras, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Error analysis, Adaptive optics, Frequency combs, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 12, 2018

Characterization of deformable mirrors for the MagAO-X project

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Interferometers, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Pellicles, Electromagnetism

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 11, 2018

Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme-AO (SCExAO) wavefront control: current status and ongoing developments

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Speckle, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 11, 2018

A near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor for Keck adaptive optics: real-time controller

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Human-machine interfaces, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Real-time computing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 11, 2018

The segmented pupil experiment for exoplanet detection: Part 3. Advances and first light with segments cophasing

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Sensors, Image segmentation, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Geometrical optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

PIAA coronagraph for Origins Space telescope (OST) mid-infrared imager, spectrometer, coronagraph (MISC) instrument

Proc. SPIE. 10706, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Diffraction, Apodization, Mirrors, Segmented mirrors, Imaging systems, Spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Geometrical optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Phase-induced amplitude apodization complex-mask coronagraphy for the Magellan extreme adaptive optics instrument and the giant Magellan telescope: design and fabrication (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10706, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Optical design, Custom fabrication, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Aspheric optics, Planets, Optical instrument design

Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Complex-Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC) designs provide the high-contrast required to directly image exoplanets over a region of interest at a small inner-working angle (IWA) while preserving planet throughput. A PIAACMC consists of a set of optics designed to work in relayed pupil and image planes, with several components which are challenging to fabricate. The optical design for PIAACMC is a two-stage set of aspheric optics responsible for lossless apodization by beam profile re-shaping, followed by a multi-zone focal plane mask (FPM) which alters the phase and amplitude of the incident light field across each zone using optical path length delays. Each zone corresponds to an optical path difference such that their combined effect in the science plane produces a broadband null - up to 20% in recent designs. A Lyot stop follows to further filter the diffracted starlight, or use it in a feedback loop for minimizing low-order aberrations such as wavefront tip and tilt. Finally, a set of inverse-PIAA optics may be implemented to restore the original beam profile to image the science plane unaffected by the distortions induced by the PIAA optics. The aspheric profiles of the PIAA and inverse-PIAA optics are reduced by the introduction of the multi-zone complex FPM; all of these are custom optics which require care to fabricate to within a few percent of their ideal design surface profiles. However, the cost of fabrication and implementation can be well worth the effort because in addition to small IWA performance, PIAACMC designs are robust against the increasingly complicated telescope pupil architectures being developed for future generation telescopes. PIAACMC has been successfully fabricated for and installed at the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument at the Subaru telescope, and, among other places, is being developed for segmented telescope architectures at the NASA Ames Coronagraph Experiment (ACE) testbed. We are now developing a design for MagAO-X, a 2000 actuator ExAO system on a 6.5 m telescope aperture at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile; MagAO-X will deliver Strehl ratios above 70% with high-resolutions ranging between 14 and 30 mas. Similarly, the system contrast requirements are at least 10-4 between ~1 and 10 λ/D. MagAO-X, as well as the future generation Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) offer opportunities to field-test design changes, and demonstrate the robustness of PIAACMC to telescope pupils with complicated architectures including segments, spiders, and secondary obscurations. We present designs for MagAO-X and GMT, discussing improvements in their design toward producing easily manufactureable components. Moreover for MagAO-X, we present the current state of fabrication for the PIAACMC with predictive models of performance from surface profile measurements of the custom optics.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Focal plane wavefront sensing and control strategies for high-contrast imaging on the MagAO-X instrument

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Point spread functions, Imaging systems, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Computer simulations, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Design of the MagAO-X pyramid wavefront sensor

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Zemax, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Lens design, Optical alignment

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Adaptive optics with an infrared pyramid wavefront sensor

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Infrared sensors, Infrared imaging, Modulation, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Review of high-contrast imaging systems for current and future ground-based and space-based telescopes III: technology opportunities and pathways

Proc. SPIE. 10706, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Liquid crystals

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

The Robo-AO-2 facility for rapid visible/near-infrared AO imaging and the demonstration of hybrid techniques

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Planets, Prototyping

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

SHARK-NIR: the coronagraphic camera for LBT in the AIV phase at INAF-Padova

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Optical benches, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Phase-induced amplitude apodization complex-mask coronagraph tolerancing and analysis

Proc. SPIE. 10706, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Etching, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Optical fabrication, Monte Carlo methods, Space telescopes, Tolerancing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Project PANOPTES: the good, the bad, and the ugly challenges of running a successful Pro-Am astronomy project (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10707, Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Astronomy, Lenses, Cameras, Clouds, Exoplanets, Software development, Data analysis

PANOPTES is a citizen-science based project to discover exoplanets with consumer cameras. It is open source and aims to be highly efficient at collecting photometric data by running a wide field survey using DSLR cameras and standard lenses. In the two years since the demonstration of the baseline design at SPIE 2016 the project has moved forward in getting the hardware design ready for citizen scientists and data analysis, benefiting from an influx of both professional and amateur support. At the same time the project has experienced a number of challenges related to the nature of a grassroots project with no specific institutional home. Here we present a status update to the project with a focus on the issues associated with creating, and maintaining, a successful “pro-am” astronomy project. This talk will specifically focus on a couple of keys concepts related to the operation of PANOPTES as a distributed observatory built by a collection of professional and amateur astronomers. These concepts can largely be broken down as: software; hardware; and organizational. However, a central theme of the talk will also be the fact that PANOPTES operates without a centralized institution, which means that decisions related to software and hardware are necessarily tied into the organizational decisions. Likewise, since the project has no official operating budget but operates largely off the budgets of each individual team (in addition to a NASA/JPL grant, the attainment of which will also be discussed), the hardware decisions and the evolving landscape of commercial over-the-counter (COTC) hardware play a significant role in the operation and maintenance of the project as a whole, which in turn affects how the software is developed. Through all of these areas PANOPTES has experienced successes and failures as well as simple deviations from original plans. As a project we have benefited enormously from the donation of time and storage on the Google Cloud Platform (GCP), allowing us to explore technologies and solutions that would otherwise be unfeasible, but as an unofficial project we have been unable to secure a permanent formal agreement with GCP, creating challenges related to the long-term viability of those software solutions. Being a unique project that aims to be as scientifically productive as it is successful as an outreach tool, it is hoped that the talk will provide some valuable learned lessons for any future projects that hope to utilize the unique professional-amateur dynamic that exists within the field of astronomy and open-source software.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

FIRST, the pupil-remapping fiber interferometer at Subaru telescope: towards photonic beam-combination with phase control and on-sky commissioning results (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10701, Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Imaging systems, Spatial filters, Interferometers, Interferometry, Photonic crystals, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, Binary data, Beam controllers

FIRST (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope) is a post-AO instrument module that enables high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy at sub-diffraction limited spatial scales. FIRST achieves this through a unique combination of sparse aperture masking, spatial filtering, pupil remapping Fizeau interferometry, and cross-dispersion in the visible. The telescope pupil is divided into sub-pupils using a honeycomb array of micro-electro-mechanical mirrors, and the light from each sub-pupil injected into a separate single mode fiber that provides spatial filtering. The fibers, which are pathlength-matched to within a few tens of micrometers, reformat the sub-apertures into a linear non-redundant array allowing for the extraction of fringes from each possible baseline as well as wavelength dispersion to create ~130 spectral channels for every baseline combination over the 600-900nm spectral range. In this presentation, we will first report on the latest on-sky results obtained with FIRST. In its current design, the instrument was successfully integrated on the 3-m telescope at Lick Observatory and is now a module of the SCExAO extreme adaptive optics instrument on the 8-m Subaru Telescope. The latest on-sky results obtained from commissioning data show the detection of the stellar companion of the Alpha Equu binary system at an angular separation of 0.6 λ/D (11mas). Even at such a separation, the FIRST data delivers information on the companion spectrum, providing valuable constraints on the stellar parameters of the system such as the effective temperatures. The second part of this presentation will focus on the ongoing instrument upgrades with the aim of increasing the instrument’s stability and sensitivity, thus improving the dynamic range. We initiated a comprehensive upgrade of FIRST’s interferometric components to a new series of photonic on-chip beam combiners and automated optoelectronic delay lines for rapid phasing of each sub-pupil. The new photonic beam combining chips split light from each sub-aperture and combines them to provide a simultaneous measurement of the fringes from every baseline. Another function of the new photonic chips is the inclusion of waveguides in crystalline electro-optic material (Lithium niobate) that enable on-chip active phase control of the light at high speeds (up to kHz). This type of photonic architecture has not been implemented previously for astronomical interferometry of this kind and could potentially provide FIRST with key advantages (see Martin et al., these proceedings). While the beam-combiner output no longer requires non-redundancy, the fiber array that feeds the chip input still requires accurate pathlength-matching to achieve high fringe contrasts. The existing fibers were individually manufactured to ensure identical length. However, while this method was successful, it was not very flexible particularly if any photonic components are added that change the overall fiber length. Thus, another key FIRST upgrade is the use of actively controlled fiber delay lines capable of compensating for up to 100 mm of differential pathlength in each fiber, with sub-micron accuracy. This type of active pathlength control allows FIRST to not only correct for unwanted environmental phase delays, but also makes it entirely reconfigurable regardless of the back-end photonics used.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

On-going and future AO activities on Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Tomography, Real-time computing, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Review of high-contrast imaging systems for current and future ground-based and space-based telescopes: Part II. Common path wavefront sensing/control and coherent differential imaging

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Coherence imaging, Modulation, Imaging systems, Speckle, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Phase retrieval

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

MagAO-X: project status and first laboratory results

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Stars, Computing systems, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2018

Real-time estimation and correction of quasi-static aberrations in ground-based high contrast imaging systems with high frame-rates

Proc. SPIE. 10703, Adaptive Optics Systems VI

KEYWORDS: Speckle, Adaptive optics, Computer simulations, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 2018

The TOLIMAN space telescope

Proc. SPIE. 10701, Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Astronomy, Stars, Sensors, Photons, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 2018

MEC: the MKID exoplanet camera for high contrast astronomy at Subaru (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Astronomy, Stars, Speckle, Cameras, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Iterated function systems, Gemini Planet Imager

Direct Imaging of exoplanets is one of the most technically difficult techniques used to study exoplanets, but holds immense promise for not just detecting but characterizing planets around the nearest stars. Ambitious instruments at the world’s largest telescopes have been built to carry out this science: the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), SPHERE at VLT, SCExAO at Subaru, and the P1640 and Stellar Double Coronagraph (SDC) at Palomar. These instruments share a common archetype consisting of an extreme AO system feeding a coronagraph for on-axis stellar light rejection followed by a focal plane Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS). They are currently limited by uncontrolled scattered and diffracted light which produces a coherent speckle halo in the image plane. A number of differential imaging schemes exist to mitigate these issues resulting in star-planet contrast ratios as deep as ~10^-6 at low angular separations. Surpassing this contrast limit requires high speed active speckle nullification from a focal plane wavefront sensor (FPWS) and new processing techniques. MEC, the Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) Exoplanet Camera, is a J-band IFS module behind Subaru Telescope’s SCExAO system. MEC is capable of producing an image cube several thousand times a second without the read noise that dominates conventional high speed IFUs. This enables it to integrate with SCExAO as an extremely fast FPWS while eliminating non-common path aberrations by doubling as a science camera. Key science objectives can be further explored if longer wavelengths (H and K band) are simultaneously sent to CHARIS for high resolution spectroscopy. MEC, to be commissioned at Subaru in early 2018, is the second MKID IFS for high contrast imaging following DARKNESS’ debut at Palomar in July 2016. MEC will follow up on young planets and debris disks discovered in the SEEDS survey or by Project 1640 as well as discover self-luminous massive planets. The increased sensitivity, combined with the advanced coronagraphs in SCExAO which have inner working angles (IWAs) as small as 0.03” at 1.2 μm, allows young Jupiter-sized objects to be imaged as close as 4 AU from their host star. If the wavefront control enabled by MEC is fully realized, it may begin to probe the reflected light of giant planets around some nearby stars, opening a new parameter space for direct imaging targeting older stars. While direct imaging of reflected light exoplanets is the most challenging of the scientific goals, it is a promising long-term path towards characterization of habitable planets around nearby stars using Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). With diameters of about 30-m, an ELT can resolve the habitable zones of nearby M-type stars, for which an Earth-sized planet would be at ~10^-7 contrast at 1 μm. This will complement future space-based high contrast optical imaging targeting the wider habitable zones of sun-like stars for ~10^-10 contrast earth analogs. We will present lessons learned from the first few months of MEC’s operation including initial lab and on-sky (weather permitting) results. We already have preliminary data from Palomar testing a new statistical speckle discrimination post-processing technique using the photon arrival time measured with MKIDs. Residual stellar light in the form of a speckle masquerading as a planetary companion is pulled from a modified Rician distribution and can be statistically discerned from a true off-axis Poisson point source. Additionally, the progress of active focal plane wavefront control will be briefly discussed.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 6, 2018

Design, specification, and manufacturing of a PIAACMC for the SPEED testbed

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Image segmentation, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 6, 2018

An end-to-end Fresnel propagation model for SPEED: PIAACMC implementation and performance

Proc. SPIE. 10700, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VII

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Point spread functions, Mirrors, Cameras, Image segmentation, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Wave propagation, Performance modeling

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 6, 2018

Development of the single-mode fiber integral field unit for the RHEA Spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Astronomy, Microlens array, Single mode fibers, Astronomical instrumentation, Optical alignment

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 6, 2018

NEAR: new earths in the Alpha Cen Region (bringing VISIR as a "visiting instrument" to ESO-VLT-UT4)

Proc. SPIE. 10702, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Optical filters, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Planets

SPIE Journal Paper | June 13, 2018

Overview of the SAPHIRA detector for adaptive optics applications

Sean Goebel, Donald N. Hall, Olivier Guyon, Eric Warmbier, Shane Jacobson

JATIS Vol. 4 Issue 02

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Readout integrated circuits, Capacitance, Infrared sensors, Electromagnetic coupling, Mercury cadmium telluride

SPIE Journal Paper | February 6, 2018

Ground-based adaptive optics coronagraphic performance under closed-loop predictive control

Jared Males, Olivier Guyon

JATIS Vol. 4 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Adaptive optics, Stars, Telescopes, Turbulence, Wavefronts, Point spread functions, Spatial frequencies, Exoplanets, Photons

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 17, 2017

Performance characterization of a phase-induced amplitude apodization complex focal plane mask

Proc. SPIE. 10563, International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2014

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Apodization, Manufacturing, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Photomasks, Phase measurement, Astronomical imaging, Phase shifts

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SPIE Journal Paper | October 30, 2017

Spatial linear dark field control: stabilizing deep contrast for exoplanet imaging using bright speckles

Kelsey Miller, Olivier Guyon, Jared Males

JATIS Vol. 3 Issue 04

KEYWORDS: Speckle, Exoplanets, Wavefronts, Modulation, Actuators, Coronagraphy, Phase shift keying, Sensors, Point spread functions, Speckle imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2017

Phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraphy (PIAACMC) for large segmented apertures (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Apodization, Stars, Imaging systems, Image segmentation, Imaging spectroscopy, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Colorimetry

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2017

Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics (SCExAO): wavefront control optimized for high-contrast imaging (Conference Presentation)

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Infrared sensors, Infrared imaging, Telescopes, Visible radiation, Imaging systems, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2017

The LUVOIR architecture "A" coronagraph instrument

Proc. SPIE. 10398, UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments: Innovative Technologies and Concepts VIII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Imaging systems, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Planets, Channel projecting optics

In preparation for the Astro 2020 Decadal Survey NASA has commissioned the study four flagship missions spanning to a wide range of observable wavelengths: the Origins Space Telescope (OST, formerly the Far-Infrared Surveyor), Lynx (formerly the X-ray Surveyor), the Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) and the Habitable Exoplanet Imager (HabEx). One of the key scientific objectives of the latter two is the detection and characterization of the earth-like planets around nearby stars using the direct imaging technique (along with a broad range of investigations regarding the architecture of and atmospheric composition exoplanetary systems using this technique). As a consequence dedicated exoplanet instruments are being studied for these mission concepts. This paper discusses the design of the coronagraph instrument for the architecture “A” (15 meters aperture) of LUVOIR. The material presented in this paper is aimed at providing an overview of the LUVOIR coronagraph instrument. It is the result of four months of discussions with various community stakeholders (scientists and technologists) regarding the instrument’s basic parameters followed by meticulous design work by the the GSFC Instrument Design Laboratory team. In the first section we review the main science drivers, presents the overall parameters of the instrument (general architecture and backend instrument) and delve into the details of the currently envisioned coronagraph masks along with a description of the wavefront control architecture. Throughout the manuscript we describe the trades we made during the design process. Because the vocation of this study is to provide a baseline design for the most ambitious earth-like finding instrument that could be possibly launched into the 2030’s, we have designed an complex system privileged that meets the ambitious science goals out team was chartered by the LUVOIR STDT exoplanet Working Group. However in an effort to minimize technological risk we tried to maximize the number of technologies that will be matured by the WFIRST coronagraph instruments.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 12, 2017

Design, fabrication, and testing of stellar coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Etching, Silicon, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Optical fabrication, Photoresist materials, Photomasks, Semiconducting wafers, Tolerancing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 1, 2017

First light of the CHARIS high-contrast integral-field spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Imaging systems, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Spectral resolution, High angular resolution imaging, Iterated function systems, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 1, 2017

Results of the astrometry and direct imaging testbed for exoplanet detection

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Diffraction, Mirrors, Stars, Exoplanetary science, Imaging systems, Distortion, Exoplanets, Astronomical imaging, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 1, 2017

Wavefront control methods for high-contrast integral field spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 10400, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Wavefronts, Imaging spectroscopy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Field spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, High angular resolution imaging, Iterated function systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 2, 2016

Linear dark field control: simulation for implementation and testing on the UA wavefront control testbed

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Observatories, Point spread functions, Mirrors, MATLAB, Speckle, Sensors, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 2, 2016

Precision astrometry with adaptive optics: constraints on the mutual orbit of Luhman 16AB from GeMS

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Astronomy, Stars, Gemini Observatory, Imaging systems, Photography, Adaptive optics, Distortion, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 24, 2016

The Habitable Exoplanet (HabEx) Imaging Mission: preliminary science drivers and technical requirements

Proc. SPIE. 9904, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Galactic astronomy, Astrophysics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

Laboratory testing and performance verification of the CHARIS integral field spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Prisms, Sensors, Calibration, Coronagraphy, Spectral resolution, Cryogenics, K band

The Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) is an integral field spectrograph (IFS) that has been built for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS has two imaging modes; the high-resolution mode is R82, R69, and R82 in J, H, and K bands respectively while the low-resolution discovery mode uses a second low-resolution prism with R19 spanning 1.15-2.37 microns (J+H+K bands). The discovery mode is meant to augment the low inner working angle of the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) adaptive optics system, which feeds CHARIS a coronagraphic image. The goal is to detect and characterize brown dwarfs and hot Jovian planets down to contrasts five orders of magnitude dimmer than their parent star at an inner working angle as low as 80 milliarcseconds. CHARIS constrains spectral crosstalk through several key aspects of the optical design. Additionally, the repeatability of alignment of certain optical components is critical to the calibrations required for the data pipeline. Specifically, the relative alignment of the lenslet array, prism, and detector must be highly stable and repeatable between imaging modes. We report on the measured repeatability and stability of these mechanisms, measurements of spectral crosstalk in the instrument, and the propagation of these errors through the data pipeline. Another key design feature of CHARIS is the prism, which pairs Barium Fluoride with Ohara L-BBH2 high index glass. The dispersion of the prism is significantly more uniform than other glass choices, and the CHARIS prisms represent the first NIR astronomical instrument that uses L-BBH2 as the high index material. This material choice was key to the utility of the discovery mode, so significant efforts were put into cryogenic characterization of the material. The final performance of the prism assemblies in their operating environment is described in detail. The spectrograph is going through final alignment, cryogenic cycling, and is being delivered to the Subaru telescope in April 2016. This paper is a report on the laboratory performance of the spectrograph, and its current status in the commissioning process so that observers will better understand the instrument capabilities. We will also discuss the lessons learned during the testing process and their impact on future high-contrast imaging spectrographs for wavefront control.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

Precision single mode fibre integral field spectroscopy with the RHEA spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Spectrographs, Astronomy, Microlens array, Stars, Calibration, Single mode fibers, Adaptive optics, Spectral resolution, Spatial resolution

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

Project PANOPTES: a citizen-scientist exoplanet transit survey using commercial digital cameras

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Astronomy, Astronomy, Electronics, Stars, Cameras, Digital cameras, Exoplanets, Photometry, Planets, Electroluminescent displays

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 4, 2016

PSF calibration using the Lyot-based low order wavefront sensor telemetry: first simulations

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Point spread functions, Principal component analysis, Cameras, Sensors, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Associative arrays

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 3, 2016

Efficiently feeding single-mode fiber photonic spectrographs with an extreme adaptive optics system: on-sky characterization and preliminary spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Apodization, Spectrographs, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefronts, Imaging spectroscopy, Single mode fibers, Adaptive optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2016

End-to-end assessment of a large aperture segmented ultraviolet optical infrared (UVOIR) telescope architecture

Proc. SPIE. 9904, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Ultraviolet radiation, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Infrared radiation, Infrared telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

An engineered design of a diffractive mask for high precision astrometry

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Zemax, Zemax, Diffraction, Monochromatic aberrations, Telescopes, Stars, Gemini Observatory, Adaptive optics, Adaptive optics, 3D modeling, Photomasks, Computer aided design

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

The path to visible extreme adaptive optics with MagAO-2K and MagAO-X

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Sensors, Error analysis, Adaptive optics, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Liquid crystal on silicon, Atmospheric modeling

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

New progress in electron-injection detectors for NIR imagers with low noise and high frame rates

Proc. SPIE. 9915, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Near infrared, Astronomy, Indium gallium arsenide, Mercury cadmium telluride, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Adaptive optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

Subaru Coronagraphic eXtreme Adaptive Optics: on-sky performance of the asymmetric pupil Fourier wavefront sensor

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Sensors, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Target acquisition

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

SHARK-NIR: from K-band to a key instrument, a status update

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Cameras, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Planets, K band

SHARK-NIR channel is one of the two coronagraphic instruments proposed for the Large Binocular Telescope, in the framework of the call for second generation instruments, issued in 2014. Together with the SHARK-VIS channel, it will offer a few observing modes (direct imaging, coronagraphic imaging and coronagraphic low resolution spectroscopy) covering a wide wavelength domain, going from 0.5μm to 1.7μm. <p> </p>Initially proposed as an instrument covering also the K-band, the current design foresees a camera working from Y to H bands, exploiting in this way the synergy with other LBT instruments such as LBTI, which is actually covering wavelengths greater than L' band, and it will be soon upgraded to work also in K band. SHARK-NIR has been undergoing the conceptual design review at the end of 2015 and it has been approved to proceed to the final design phase, receiving the green light for successive construction and installation at LBT. <p> </p>The current design is significantly more flexible than the previous one, having an additional intermediate pupil plane that will allow the usage of coronagraphic techniques very efficient in term of contrast and vicinity to the star, increasing the instrument coronagraphic performance. The latter is necessary to properly exploit the search of giant exo-planets, which is the main science case and the driver for the technical choices of SHARK-NIR. We also emphasize that the LBT AO SOUL upgrade will further improve the AO performance, making possible to extend the exo-planet search to target fainter than normally achieved by other 8-m class telescopes, and opening in this way to other very interesting scientific scenarios, such as the characterization of AGN and Quasars (normally too faint to be observed) and increasing considerably the sample of disks and jets to be studied. <p> </p>Finally, we emphasize that SHARK-NIR will offer XAO direct imaging capability on a FoV of about 15"x15", and a simple coronagraphic spectroscopic mode offering spectral resolution ranging from few hundreds to few thousands. This article presents the current instrument design, together with the milestones for its installation at LBT.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

First on-sky closed loop measurement and correction of atmospheric dispersion

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Prisms, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Atmospheric corrections, Refraction, Earth's atmosphere, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric modeling

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 2016

The SCExAO high contrast imager: transitioning from commissioning to science

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Prisms, Visible radiation, Stars, Imaging systems, Speckle, Cameras, Calibration, Adaptive optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 2016

Evolutionary timescales of AO-produced speckles at NIR wavelengths

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Near infrared, Photodetectors, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Speckle, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Exoplanets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 2016

Near-infrared wavefront sensing

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Mirrors, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Neodymium, Real-time computing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 2016

Characterizing and mitigating vibrations for SCExAO

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Telescopes, Data modeling, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Computer programming, Computer programming, Coronagraphy, Turbulence

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 26, 2016

Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: concept and phased implementation

Proc. SPIE. 9909, Adaptive Optics Systems V

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Wavefront sensors, L band, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2016

Development of PIAA Complex Mask Coronagraphs for large aperture ground-based telescopes

Proc. SPIE. 9912, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Optical instrument design, Phase shifts

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2016

Adaptive optics fed single-mode spectrograph for high-precision Doppler measurements in the near-infrared

Proc. SPIE. 9912, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Spectrographs, Spectrographs, Optical design, Doppler effect, Cameras, Sensors, Single mode fibers, Adaptive optics

SPIE Journal Paper | May 9, 2016

Demonstration of broadband contrast at 1.2λ/<i>D</i> and greater for the EXCEDE starlight suppression system

Dan Sirbu, Sandrine Thomas, Ruslan Belikov, Julien Lozi, Eduardo Bendek, Eugene Pluzhnik, Dana Lynch, Troy Hix, Peter Zell, Olivier Guyon, Glenn Schneider

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 02

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Coronagraphy, Cameras, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Speckle, Calibration, Wavefronts, Space telescopes, Performance modeling

SPIE Journal Paper | March 31, 2016

Special Section Guest Editorial:WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraphs

Olivier Guyon, Motohide Tamura

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Imaging spectroscopy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Spectroscopes, Planets, Infrared telescopes, Space operations, Imaging systems

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SPIE Journal Paper | March 18, 2016

Science yield estimate with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope coronagraph

Wesley Traub, James Breckinridge, Thomas Greene, Olivier Guyon, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Bruce Macintosh

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Planets, Coronagraphy, Stars, Telescopes, Infrared telescopes, Polarization, Space telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Infrared radiation, Speckle

SPIE Journal Paper | March 11, 2016

Coronagraph instrument for WFIRST-AFTA

M. Charley Noecker, Feng Zhao, Rick Demers, John Trauger, Olivier Guyon, N. Jeremy Kasdin

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Exoplanets, Planets, Stars, Mirrors, Observatories, Optical instrument design, Wavefronts

SPIE Journal Paper | March 8, 2016

Design of off-axis mirrors for the phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph

Eugene Pluzhnik, Olivier Guyon, Ruslan Belikov, Eduardo Bendek

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Off axis mirrors, Apodization, Coronagraphy, Beam shaping, Optical instrument design, Telescopes, Diffraction, Geometrical optics, Collimation

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SPIE Journal Paper | January 28, 2016

Phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph mask fabrication, characterization, and modeling for WFIRST-AFTA

Brian Kern, Olivier Guyon, Ruslan Belikov, Daniel Wilson, Richard Muller, Erkin Sidick, Bala Balasubramanian, John Krist, Ilya Poberezhskiy, Hong Tang

JATIS Vol. 2 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Planets, Coronagraphy, Wavefronts, Apodization, Scanning electron microscopy, Mask making, Atomic force microscopy, Reflectivity, Mirrors, Polymethylmethacrylate

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2015

Deconvolution of differential OTF (dOTF) to measure high-resolution wavefront structure

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Signal to noise ratio, Diffraction, Optical transfer functions, Spatial frequencies, Image segmentation, Fourier transforms, Wavefronts, Deconvolution, Filtering (signal processing)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

Adaptive optics self-calibration using differential OTF (dOTF)

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Optical transfer functions, Point spread functions, Cameras, Calibration, Image segmentation, Photons, Wavefronts, Servomechanisms, Electroluminescent displays

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

UA wavefront control lab: design overview and implementation of new wavefront sensing techniques

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Mirrors, Cameras, Calibration, Image segmentation, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Relays

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

The low-order wavefront sensor for the PICTURE-C mission

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Stars, Data modeling, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

Design of off-axis PIAACMC mirrors

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Mirrors, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Collimation, Ray tracing, Beam shaping, Geometrical optics, Off axis mirrors

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

EXCEDE technology development IV: demonstration of polychromatic contrast in vacuum at 1.2 L/D

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Mirrors, Data modeling, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Semiconductor lasers, Space telescopes

This paper is the fourth in the series on the technology development for the EXCEDE (EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer) mission concept, which in 2011 was selected by NASA's Explorer program for technology development (Category III). EXCEDE is a 0.7m space telescope concept operating with a Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) Coronagraph and a Deformable Mirror (DM) to create a "dark-hole" or a region of high-contrast starlight suppression at the focal plane to allow direct imaging of exoplanets. This will allow fundamental science in the form of direct detection and spatial resolution of low surface brightness circumstellar debris disks, and the direct imaging of giant planets with angular separations as close in as the habitable zone of the host star. Thus, EXCEDE can function as both a scientific and technological precursor for any mission capable of imaging exo-Earths.<p> </p> Previously, we have reported experimental results on the first milestone, the demonstration of EXCEDE contrast in monochromatic light in air and more recently in vacuum. In this paper, we report on the procedure and the experimental results obtained for our second milestone demonstration of the EXCEDE starlight suppression system carried in a vacuum chamber at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center. This includes high contrast performance demonstrations at 1.2 λD, which includes a lab demonstration of 1x10<sup>-5</sup> median contrast between 1.2 and 2.0 λD simultaneously with 3x10<sup>-7</sup> median contrast between 2 and 11 λD in 10% bandwidth polychromatic light centered at 650 nm for a single-sided dark zone. The results are stable and repeatable as demonstrated by three measurement runs with DM settings set from scratch and maintained on the best 90% out of the 1000 collected frames per run. We compare reduced experimental data with simulation results from modeling experimental limits.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2015

The CHARIS IFS for high contrast imaging at Subaru

Proc. SPIE. 9605, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Prisms, Sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Collimators, Iterated function systems, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 28, 2014

Recent progress on phase-mask coronagraphy based on photonic-crystal technology

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Light sources, Polarization, Manufacturing, Polarizers, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Photomasks, Spiral phase plates

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 28, 2014

Experimental study of a low-order wavefront sensor for high-contrast coronagraphic imagers: results in air and in vacuum

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Cooling systems, Point spread functions, Mirrors, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Temperature metrology

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 7, 2014

Lyot-based low order wavefront sensor: implementation on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics System and its laboratory performance

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Telescopes, Sensors, Calibration, Reflectivity, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Wavefront aberrations, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 7, 2014

A measurement of the systematic astrometric error in GeMS and the short-term astrometric precision in ShaneAO

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Point spread functions, Stars, Imaging systems, Error analysis, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Distortion, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 7, 2014

Adaptive optics at the Subaru telescope: current capabilities and development

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Visible radiation, Imaging systems, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 7, 2014

On-sky speckle nulling with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO (SCExAO) instrument

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Detection and tracking algorithms, Speckle, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Phase measurement

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2014

SHARK (System for coronagraphy with High order Adaptive optics from R to K band): a proposal for the LBT 2nd generation instrumentation

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Planets, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 2, 2014

Technology development towards WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Photomasks, Planets, Iterated function systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 2, 2014

EXCEDE technology development III: first vacuum tests

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Speckle, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefronts, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Optical benches

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 2, 2014

Science yield estimation for AFTA coronagraphs

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Speckle, Sensors, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Infrared telescopes, Jupiter

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 24, 2014

Toward visible wavelength coherent imaging with the LBT

Proc. SPIE. 9146, Optical and Infrared Interferometry IV

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Coherence imaging, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 24, 2014

How to inject light efficiently into single-mode fibers

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Apodization, Spectrographs, Stars, Lenses, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Single mode fibers, Adaptive optics, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 24, 2014

VAMPIRES: probing the innermost regions of protoplanetary systems with polarimetric aperture-masking

Proc. SPIE. 9146, Optical and Infrared Interferometry IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Prisms, Stars, Polarization, Imaging systems, Calibration, Interferometry, Polarimetry, Coronagraphy, Visibility

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2014

The PANOPTES project: discovering exoplanets with low-cost digital cameras

Proc. SPIE. 9145, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Stars, Cameras, Sensors, Digital cameras, Exoplanets, Photometry, Algorithm development, Prototyping

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 21, 2014

CHARIS science: performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Combustion, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Iterated function systems, Gemini Planet Imager

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 21, 2014

Direct imaging of exoplanets in the habitable zone with adaptive optics

Proc. SPIE. 9148, Adaptive Optics Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Liquids

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 18, 2014

Construction and status of the CHARIS high contrast imaging spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Prisms, Sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Spectral resolution, Planets, K band

Princeton University is building the Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS), an integral field spectrograph (IFS) for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is funded by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and is designed to take high contrast spectra of brown dwarfs and hot Jovian planets in the coronagraphic image provided by the Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) and the AO188 adaptive optics systems. The project is now in the build and test phase at Princeton University. Once laboratory testing has been completed CHARIS will be integrated with SCExAO and AO188 in the winter of 2016. CHARIS has a high-resolution characterization mode in J, H, and K bands. The average spectral resolution in J, H, and K bands are R82, R68, and R82 respectively, the uniformity of which is a direct result of a new high index material, L-BBH2. CHARIS also has a second low-resolution imaging mode that spans J,H, and K bands with an average spectral resolution of R19, a feature unique to this instrument. The field of view in both imaging modes is 2.07x2.07 arcseconds. SCExAO+CHARIS will detect objects five orders of magnitude dimmer than their parent star down to an 80 milliarcsecond inner working angle. The primary challenge with exoplanet imaging is the presence of quasi-static speckles in the coronagraphic image. SCExAO has a wavefront control system to suppress these speckles and CHARIS will address their impact on spectral crosstalk through hardware design, which drives its optical and mechanical design. CHARIS constrains crosstalk to be below 1% for an adjacent source that is a full order of magnitude brighter than the neighboring spectra. Since CHARIS is on the Nasmyth platform, the optical alignment between the lenslet array and prism is highly stable. This improves the stability of the spectra and their orientation on the detector and results in greater stability in the wavelength solution for the data pipeline. This means less uncertainty in the post-processing and less overhead for on-sky calibration procedures required by the data pipeline. Here we present the science case, design, and construction status of CHARIS. The design and lessons learned from testing CHARIS highlights the choices that must be considered to design an IFS for high signal-to-noise spectra in a coronagraphic image. The design considerations and lessons learned are directly applicable to future exoplanet instrumentation for extremely large telescopes and space observatories capable of detecting rocky planets in the habitable zone.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 14, 2014

Infrared Doppler instrument (IRD) for the Subaru telescope to search for Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarfs

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Stars, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Ceramics, Adaptive optics, Frequency combs, Optical benches, Planets, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 8, 2014

Development and recent results from the Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics system

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Imaging systems, Speckle, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Experimental study of the low-order wavefront sensor for the high-contrast coronagraphic imager EXCEDE

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Point spread functions, Imaging systems, Opacity, Cameras, Calibration, Reflectivity, Wavefront sensors, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Laboratory demonstration of Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph with better than 10-9 contrast

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Linear polarizers, Apodization, Mirrors, Cameras, Wavefronts, Imaging spectroscopy, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Achromatic focal plane mask for exoplanet imaging coronagraphy

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Optical filters, Stars, Diffractive optical elements, Cameras, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Survey of experimental results in high-contrast imaging for future exoplanet missions

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Stars, Imaging systems, Image segmentation, Manufacturing, Polarizers, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Design of the CHARIS integral field spectrograph for exoplanet imaging

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Prisms, Cameras, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

EXCEDE technology development II: demonstration of high contrast at 1.2 L/D and preliminary broadband results

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Apodization, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Algorithm development

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

High contrast internal and external coronagraph masks produced by various techniques

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Fabrication, Electron beam lithography, Telescopes, Silicon, Reflectivity, Coronagraphy, Scanning electron microscopy, Ion beams, Photomasks, Deep reactive ion etching

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Improving image contrast for the direct detection of exoplanets at small inner working angles

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Speckle, Calibration, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Imaging Earth-like planets around late-type stars with low-inner working angle PIAA coronagraphy

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Stars, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Aspheric optics, Planets, Optical instrument design, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

Exoplanet detection and characterization using combined coronagraphy and sub-UAS astrometry from space

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Stars, Exoplanetary science, Imaging systems, Cameras, Calibration, Distortion, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 2013

The optical design of CHARIS: an exoplanet IFS for the Subaru telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8864, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VI

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Spectrographs, Optical design, Prisms, Sensors, Exoplanets, Spectral resolution, Iterated function systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Conceptual design of the Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) for the Subaru telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Optical instrument design, Iterated function systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Infrared Doppler instrument for the Subaru Telescope (IRD)

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Doppler effect, Spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Infrared telescopes, Near field optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

TIGER: a high contrast infrared imager for the Giant Magellan Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Telescopes, Stars, Speckle, Cameras, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Infrared radiation, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Fully optimized shaped pupils: preparation for a test at the Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Optical lithography, Glasses, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Photoresist materials, Prototyping

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Scientific design of a high contrast integral field spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrographs, Stars, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Spectral resolution, Planets, Iterated function systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

The EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE)

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Spatial resolution, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

Coronagraphic imaging of debris disks from a high altitude balloon platform

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Solar system, Planets, Planetary systems

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

Phase induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) coronagraphy: recent results and future prospects

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Stars, Calibration, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Aspheric optics, Planets, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

High-precision astrometry laboratory demonstration for exoplanet detection using a diffractive pupil telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Diffraction, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Calibration, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

SPICA coronagraph instrument: characterization of atmospheres and physical parameters of giant planets by direct imaging and spectroscopy

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Spectroscopes, Binary data

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

Characterization of habitable exoplanets with simultaneous coronagraphy and astrometry with a single aperture telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Calibration, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

EXCEDE technology development I: first demonstrations of high contrast at 1.2 l/D for an Explorer space telescope mission

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Speckle, Sensors, Ions, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Neodymium

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 2012

Review of small-angle coronagraphic techniques in the wake of ground-based second-generation adaptive optics systems

Proc. SPIE. 8442, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Modulation, Cameras, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Spiral phase plates

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 17, 2012

Achieving high precision photometry for transiting exoplanets with a low cost robotic DSLR-based imaging system

Proc. SPIE. 8444, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IV

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Point spread functions, CMOS sensors, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Robotics, Exoplanets, Photometry

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

Theoretical limits on bright star astrometry with multi-conjugate adaptive optics using a diffractive pupil

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Calibration, Adaptive optics, Distortion, Space telescopes, Atmospheric modeling, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

Open-loop control of SCExAO’s MEMS deformable mirror using the Fast Iterative Algorithm: speckle control performances

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Actuators, Spatial frequencies, Speckle, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Exoplanets, Performance modeling

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

How ELTs will acquire the first spectra of rocky habitable planets

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

On advanced estimation techniques for exoplanet detection and characterization using ground-based coronagraphs

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Astronomy, Stars, Speckle, Adaptive optics, Computer simulations, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Planets, Gemini Planet Imager

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO project: first observations

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Visible radiation, Imaging systems, Speckle, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

Subaru laser guide adaptive optics system: performance and science operation

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Laser guide stars, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

Vibrations in AO control: a short analysis of on-sky data around the world

Proc. SPIE. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Visible radiation, Gemini Observatory, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Data acquisition, Turbulence, Autoregressive models, Performance modeling, Gemini Planet Imager

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 12, 2012

Probing dusty circumstellar environments with polarimetric aperture-masking interferometry

Proc. SPIE. 8445, Optical and Infrared Interferometry III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Polarization, Scattering, Calibration, Interferometry, Polarimetry, Spatial resolution, Planets, Visibility

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2011

A non-linear curvature wavefront sensor reconstruction speed and the broadband design

Proc. SPIE. 8149, Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spatial frequencies, Sensors, Photons, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Colorimetry, Wave propagation, Reconstruction algorithms

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 16, 2011

Wavefront control with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system

Proc. SPIE. 8149, Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications IV

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Speckle, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO (SCExAO) system: fast visible imager

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Visible radiation, Imaging systems, Spatial frequencies, Cameras, Image processing, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Infrared radiation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Diamond turned high precision PIAA optics and four mirror PIAA system for high contrast imaging of exo-planets

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Mirrors, Diamond, Imaging systems, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Geometrical optics, Optics manufacturing, Precision optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Laboratory demonstration of high-contrast imaging at inner working angles 2 λ/D and better

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Diffractive pupil telescope for high precision space astrometry

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Sensors, Calibration, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Dynamic distortion calibration using a diffracting pupil: high precision astrometry laboratory demonstration for exoplanet detection

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Diffraction, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Calibration, Distortion, Space telescopes, Photomasks, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Microarcsecond relative astrometry from the ground with a diffractive pupil

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Calibration, Distortion, Refraction, Space telescopes, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Achieving high-precision ground-based photometry for transiting exoplanets

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Stars, Detection and tracking algorithms, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Error analysis, Exoplanets, Photometry, Prototyping

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Laboratory testing of a Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Apodization, Mirrors, Cameras, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Optical testing, Binary data, Light

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO project: progress report

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Coronagraphy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 15, 2011

Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraphy: recent results and future prospects

Proc. SPIE. 8151, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Aspheric optics, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 11, 2010

Low-cost high-precision PIAA optics for high contrast imaging with exo-planet coronagraphs

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Lithography, Electron beam lithography, Mirrors, Diamond turning, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Aluminum, Optical instrument design, Optics manufacturing, Surface finishing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2010

Single aperture imaging astrometry with a diffracting pupil: application to exoplanet mass measurement with a small coronagraphic space telescope

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Stars, Cameras, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Infrared radiation, Planets, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2010

ACCESS: a concept study for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Imaging systems, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2010

Laboratory demonstration of high-contrast imaging at 2 l/D on a temperature-stabilized testbed in air

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Lenses, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2010

The pupil mapping exoplanet coronagraphic observer (PECO)

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Extremely high frequency, Spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Infrared radiation, Planets, Infrared telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2010

A 4-meter wide field coronagraph space telescope for general astrophysics and exoplanet observations

Proc. SPIE. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Phase modulation, Ultraviolet radiation, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Space operations, Galactic astronomy

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

The performance of the laser guide star system for the Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Diagnostics, Control systems, Fiber lasers, Electroluminescence, Collimation, Sodium, Laser guide stars, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

The characteristics of laser-transmission and guide star's brightness for Subaru LGS/AO188 system

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Telescopes, Scattering, Laser scattering, Fiber lasers, Raman scattering, Scanning probe microscopy, Sodium, Laser guide stars, Pulsed laser operation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

Visible low-order wavefront sensor for the Subaru LGSAO system

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Mirrors, Beam splitters, Avalanche photodetectors, Stars, Cameras, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Laser guide stars

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

Recent development in real-time control system of Subaru adaptive optics including laser guide star mode

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Sodium, Laser guide stars, Control systems design

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

Tip/tilt offload of Subaru AO188 by telescope secondary mirror

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Digital signal processing, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Telecommunications, Infrared radiation, Data conversion, Infrared telescopes, Secondary tip-tilt mirrors

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO (SCExAO) system: visible imaging mode

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Optical transfer functions, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Cameras, Image processing, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Image quality

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 29, 2010

Performance of Subaru adaptive optics system AO188

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Photon counting, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2010

The Subaru Coronographic Extreme AO (SCExAO) system: implementation and performances of the Coronographic Low Order WaveFront Sensor

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Cameras, Calibration, Image processing, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Associative arrays

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2010

Commissioning status of Subaru laser guide star adaptive optics system

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Fiber lasers, Laser guide stars, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2010

Results from the laboratory demonstration of the nonlinear curvature wavefront sensor

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Stars, Spatial frequencies, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Wave propagation, Reconstruction algorithms, Wavefront reconstruction

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 19, 2010

Narrow ion-beam figuring: a new tool to address extreme slopes on small surfaces located near telescope pupils

Proc. SPIE. 7739, Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-based Telescopes and Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Imaging systems, Spatial frequencies, Ions, Deformable mirrors, Ion beams, Astronomical telescopes, Beam shaping, Ion beam finishing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 16, 2010

An eight-octant phase-mask coronagraph for the Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO (SCExAO) system: system design and expected performance

Proc. SPIE. 7735, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Stars, Imaging systems, Sensors, Wavefronts, Polarizers, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 15, 2010

The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO (SCExAO) system: wavefront control and detection of exoplanets with coherent light modulation in the focal plane

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Modulation, Imaging systems, Calibration, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Current controlled current source

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 14, 2010

Real-time open-loop control of a 1024-actuator MEMS deformable mirror

Proc. SPIE. 7736, Adaptive Optics Systems II

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Actuators, Mirrors, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Turbulence, Phase measurement

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

End-to-end simulations of different coronagraphic techniques

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Wave propagation, Optical vortices, Spiral phase plates

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

Detecting and characterizing exoplanets with a 1.4-m space telescope: the Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Optical design, Stars, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

First results on a new PIAA coronagraph testbed at NASA Ames

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Speckle, Manufacturing, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

Phase-induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) coronagraph testing at the High Contrast Imaging Testbed

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Point spread functions, Apodization, Mirrors, Data modeling, Cameras, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Computer generated holography, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme-AO Project

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Apodization, Interferometry, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Computer aided design, Light

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 20, 2009

Science performance of the Pupil-mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)

Proc. SPIE. 7440, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Imaging systems, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets, Space operations, Jupiter, Device simulation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2008

DAVINCI, a diluter aperture visible nulling coronagraphic instrument

Proc. SPIE. 7013, Optical and Infrared Interferometry

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Interferometers, Coronagraphy, Oxygen, Space telescopes, Planets, Space operations, Jupiter, Nulling interferometry

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 25, 2008

HiCIAO: the Subaru Telescope's new high-contrast coronographic imager for adaptive optics

Proc. SPIE. 7014, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II

KEYWORDS: Infrared cameras, Telescopes, Optical filters, Prisms, Methane, Imaging systems, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Image filtering, Absorption

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 15, 2008

Development of a dichroic beam splitter for Subaru AO188

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Telescopes, Beam splitters, Optical coatings, Adaptive optics, Humidity, Transmittance, Thin film coatings, Thorium, Absorption

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 15, 2008

Implementation of 188-element curvature-based wavefront sensor and calibration source unit for the Subaru LGSAO system

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Telescopes, Mirrors, Avalanche photodetectors, Stars, Cameras, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Laser guide stars

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 14, 2008

ACCESS: a NASA mission concept study of an Actively Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies

Proc. SPIE. 7010, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Imaging systems, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Space operations

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 14, 2008

Characterization of vibrating shape of a bimorph deformable mirror

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Spectrum analysis, Optical amplifiers, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Finite element methods, Shape analysis

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 12, 2008

Mid-infrared coronagraph for SPICA

Proc. SPIE. 7010, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Telescopes, Mirrors, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Infrared radiation, Infrared telescopes, Binary data, James Webb Space Telescope, Cryogenics

The SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) is a infrared space-borne telescope mission of the next generation following AKARI. SPICA will carry a telescope with a 3.5 m diameter monolithic primary mirror and the whole telescope will be cooled to 5 K. SPICA is planned to be launched in 2017, into the sun-earth L2 libration halo orbit by an H II-A rocket and execute infrared observations at wavelengths mainly between 5 and 200 micron. The large telescope aperture, the simple pupil shape, the capability of infrared observations from space, and the early launch gives us with the SPICA mission a unique opportunity for coronagraphic observation. We have started development of a coronagraphic instrument for SPICA. The primary target of the SPICA coronagraph is direct observation of extra-solar Jovian planets. The main wavelengths of observation, the required contrast and the inner working angle (IWA) of the SPICA coronagraph are set to be 5-27 micron (3.5-5 micron is optional), 10<sup>-6</sup>, and a few λ/<i>D</i> (and as small as possible), respectively, in which λ is the observation wavelength and D is the diameter of the telescope aperture (3.5m). For our laboratory demonstration, we focused first on a coronagraph with a binary shaped pupil mask as the primary candidate for SPICA because of its feasibility. In an experiment with a binary shaped pupil coronagraph with a He-Ne laser (λ=632.8nm), the achieved raw contrast was 6.7×10<sup>-8</sup>, derived from the average measured in the dark region without active wavefront control. On the other hand, a study of Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) was initiated in an attempt to achieve better performance, i.e., smaller IWA and higher throughput. A laboratory experiment was performed using a He-Ne laser with active wavefront control, and a raw contrast of 6.5×10<sup>-7</sup> was achieved. We also present recent progress made in the cryogenic active optics for SPICA. Prototypes of cryogenic deformable by Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) techniques were developed and a first demonstration of the deformation of their surfaces was performed with liquid nitrogen cooling. Experiments with piezo-actuators for a cryogenic tip-tilt mirror are also ongoing.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 12, 2008

Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)

Proc. SPIE. 7010, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 11, 2008

Simple iterative method for open-loop control of MEMS deformable mirrors

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Actuators, Telescopes, Mirrors, Resistance, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Motion models, Iterative methods, Systems modeling

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2008

Ultra-high-sensitivity wavefront sensing for extreme-AO

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Spatial frequencies, Photons, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Wave propagation, Reconstruction algorithms

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 10, 2008

Current status of the laser guide star adaptive optic system for Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 7015, Adaptive Optics Systems

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Stars, Waveguides, Adaptive optics, Sodium, Laser guide stars, Gold vapor lasers, K band

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2007

Coronagraph project with the SPICA mission

Proc. SPIE. 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Photomasks, Infrared telescopes, Binary data, James Webb Space Telescope

We present the status of the development of a coronagraph for the Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA). SPICA is the next generation of infrared space-borne telescope missions following to AKARI, led by Japan. SPICA will carry a telescope that has a 3.5 m diameter monolithic primary mirror and the whole telescope will be cooled to 4.5 K. It is planned to launch SPICA into the sun-earth L2 libration halo orbit using H II-A rocket in the middle of the 2010s and execute infrared observations at wavelengths mainly between 5 and 200 micron. The SPICA mission gives us a unique opportunity for coronagraph observations, because of the large telescope aperture, the simple pupil shape, the capability of infrared observations from space, and the early launch. We have started development of the SPICA coronagraph in which the primary target is direct observation of extra-solar Jovian planets. The main wavelengths of observation, the required contrast and the inner working angle (IWA) of the SPICA coronagraph instrument are set to be 5-27 micron, 10<sup>-6</sup>, and a few λ/D (and as small as possible), respectively, in which λ is the observation wavelength and D is the diameter of the telescope aperture (3.5m). We focused on a coronagraph with a binary shaped pupil mask as the primary candidate for SPICA because of its feasibility. Nano-fabrication technology using electron beam lithography was applied to manufacture a high precision mask and a laboratory experiment with a He-Ne laser (λ=632.8nm) was performed in air without active wavefront control. The raw contrast derived from the average measured in the dark region reached 6.7×10<sup>-8</sup>. On the other hand, a study of Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) was started in an attempt to achieve higher performance, i.e., smaller IWA and higher throughput. A hybrid solution using PIAA and a shaped pupil mask was proposed. A laboratory experiment was performed using a He- Ne laser with active wavefront control via a 32×32 channel deformable mirror. A raw contrast of 6.5×10<sup>-7</sup> was achieved. Designs of binary shaped pupil mask are presented for the actual SPICA pupil which is obstructed by the telescope's secondary mirror and its support. Subtraction of point spread function (PSF) was also evaluated.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2007

TOPS: a small space telescope using phase induced-amplitude apodization (PIAA) to image rocky and giant exo-planets

Proc. SPIE. 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2007

Broadband wavefront control in a pupil mapping coronagraph

Proc. SPIE. 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Spatial frequencies, Reflectivity, Wavefronts, Control systems, Coronagraphy, Wave propagation

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 19, 2007

Active thermal figure control for the TOPS II primary mirror

Proc. SPIE. 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Mirrors, Glasses, Wavefronts, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Space mirrors

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 18, 2007

High-performance curvature wavefront sensing for extreme AO

Proc. SPIE. 6691, Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Spatial frequencies, Sensors, Photons, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Wave propagation, Reconstruction algorithms

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 7, 2006

Telescope to Observe Planetary Systems (TOPS): a high throughput 1.2-m visible telescope with a small inner working angle

Proc. SPIE. 6265, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation I: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Stars, Phase modulation, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 29, 2006

Design of the HiCIAO instrument for the Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 6269, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Infrared cameras, Telescopes, Optical filters, Prisms, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Detector arrays, Optical instrument design

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

589 nm sum-frequency generation laser for the LGS/AO of Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Oscillators, Mode locking, Laser development, Nd:YAG lasers, Fiber lasers, Sodium, Laser guide stars, Nonlinear crystals, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

Transmission characteristics of high-power 589-nm laser beam in photonic crystal fiber

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Telescopes, Polarization, Scattering, Light scattering, Laser scattering, Fiber lasers, Relays, Raman scattering, Sodium

We are developing Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGSAO) system for Subaru Telescope at Hawaii, Mauna Kea. We achieved an all-solid-state 589.159 nm laser in sum-frequency generation. Output power at 589.159 nm reached 4W in quasi-continuous-wave operation. To relay the laser beam from laser location to laser launching telescope, we used an optical fiber because the optical fiber relay is more flexible and easier than mirror train. However, nonlinear scattering effect, especially stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), will happen when the inputted laser power increases, i.e., intensity at the fiber core exceed each threshold. In order to raise the threshold levels of each nonlinear scattering, we adopt photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Because the PCF can be made larger core than usual step index fiber (SIF), one can reduce the intensity in the core. We inputted the high power laser into the PCF whose mode field diameter (MFD) is 14 μm and the SIF whose MFD is 5 μm, and measured the transmission characteristics of them. In the case of the SIF, the SRS was happen when we inputted 2 W. On the other hand, the SRS and the SBS were not induced in the PCF even for an input power of 4 W. We also investigated polarization of the laser beam transmitting through the PCF. Because of the fact that the backscattering efficiency of exciting the sodium layer with a narrowband laser is dependent on the polarization state of the incident beam, we tried to control the polarization of the laser beam transmitted the PCF. We constructed the system which can control the polarization of input laser and measure the output polarization. The PCF showed to be able to assume as a double refraction optical device, and we found that the output polarization is controllable by injecting beam with appropriate polarization through the PCF. However, the Laser Guide Star made by the beam passed through the PCF had same brightness as the state of the polarization.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

Performance of the deformable mirror for Subaru LGSAO

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Ferroelectric materials, Data modeling, Electrodes, Glasses, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Finite element methods, Laser optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

The laser guide star facility for Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Astronomy, Photonic crystal fibers, Diagnostics, Adaptive optics, Fiber lasers, Space telescopes, Relays, Laser guide stars, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

Concept and science of HiCIAO: high contrast instrument for the Subaru next generation adaptive optics

Proc. SPIE. 6269, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Optical filters, Astronomy, Stars, Polarization, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, Space telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 28, 2006

High contrast imaging with focal plane wavefront sensing for ground based telescopes

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Speckle, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 27, 2006

Status of Subaru laser guide star AO system

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Avalanche photodetectors, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Fiber lasers, Laser guide stars, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 27, 2006

Implementation of modal optimization system of Subaru-188 adaptive optics

Proc. SPIE. 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Error analysis, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Servomechanisms, Optimization (mathematics)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 15, 2006

PIAA coronagraph design: system optimization and first optics testing

Proc. SPIE. 6265, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation I: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Polishing, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Optics manufacturing

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 13, 2006

Imaging extrasolar terrestrial planets from space with a PIAA coronagraph

Proc. SPIE. 6265, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation I: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Telescopes, Apodization, Mirrors, Stars, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Planets, Spiral phase plates

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | December 23, 2004

Cassegrain and Nasmyth adaptive optics systems of 8.2-m Subaru telescope

Proc. SPIE. 5639, Adaptive Optics and Applications III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, K band, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 25, 2004

Deformable mirror design of Subaru LGSAO system

Proc. SPIE. 5490, Advancements in Adaptive Optics

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric materials, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Finite element methods, Laser optics

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 25, 2004

Design of laser system for Subaru LGS AO

Proc. SPIE. 5490, Advancements in Adaptive Optics

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mode locking, Laser development, Adaptive optics, Fiber lasers, Relays, Laser guide stars, Laser optics, Optics manufacturing, Laser systems engineering

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 25, 2004

Laser guide star AO project at the Subaru Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 5490, Advancements in Adaptive Optics

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Avalanche photodetectors, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Laser guide stars

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 25, 2004

Subaru Telescope LGSAO: overview of expected performance

Proc. SPIE. 5490, Advancements in Adaptive Optics

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Electrodes, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Wave propagation, Laser guide stars

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 25, 2004

Design of the Subaru laser guide star adaptive optics module

Proc. SPIE. 5490, Advancements in Adaptive Optics

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Avalanche photodetectors, Stars, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Laser guide stars, Infrared telescopes