During the detection process of atmospheric laser absorption spectroscopy in open space, the useful signal may be submerged in the noise due to the inherent noise of the instrument and external environmental noise. In order to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a new method of cascaded stepwise singular value decomposition has been proposed. By constructing different matrices, the low-frequency noise and high-frequency noise are removed in stages. A laser absorption spectroscopy atmospheric detection system in open space has been established to experimentally verify. The results show that, compared with the traditional method, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral signal processed by the method of cascaded stepwise singular value decomposition is increased from 0.211 to 1.029, the standard deviation is also reduced by 1.927 times. It is proved that the proposed method can effectively remove noise and obtain high-quality laser absorption spectrum signal to improve gas detection accuracy, which has practical value.
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