Rare-earth doped NaLaF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals were synthesized by solvothermal method in ethanol/oleic acid/water reaction system. The structure and porphology of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). By adjusting the amount of NaOH in the precursor, we obtained NaLaF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sup>3+</sup>nanocrystals with a rich variety of morphologies, including nanoprisms, nano-dumbbells, nanorods and nanowires. A possible mechanism of formation of the NaLaF4 nanocrystals was proposed based on the time dependent experiments. The upconversion luminescence properties of rare-earth doped NaLaF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals with different morphology was discussed. The experimental results demonstrated that the NaLaF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sub>3+</sub> nanocrystals with different morphologies exhibited similar up-conversion luminescence, with sharp emission peaks near 540 nm and 650 nm, and red color stronger than green light.
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