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Opportunistic disease detection on low-dose CT (LDCT) scans is desirable due to expanded use of LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. In this study, a machine learning paradigm called multiple instance learning (MIL) is investigated for emphysema detection in LDCT scans. The top performing method was able to achieve an area under the ROC curve of 0.93 +/- 0.04 in the task of detecting emphysema in the LDCT scans through a combination of MIL and transfer learning. These results suggest that there is strong potential for the use of MIL in automatic, opportunistic LDCT scan assessment.
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Jordan D. Fuhrman, Yeqing Zhu, Rowena Yip, Feng Li, Artit C. Jirapatnakul, Claudia I. Henschke, David F. Yankelevitz, Maryellen L. Giger, "Multiple instance learning for automatic emphysema evaluation on low-dose CT lung cancer screening scans," Proc. SPIE PC12033, Medical Imaging 2022: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, PC1203305 (4 April 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612768