Programmable shape memory left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion devices were explored to address the problem of wear, perforation, and other serious complications associated with Nitinol-based LAA occluders. The developed LAA devices were designed based on the optimized biomimetic network. LAA devices were manufactured by 4D printing, which endowed them with customized and transformable configurations. The LAA device exhibited outstanding durable mechanical performance and favorable biocompatibility. Besides, the shape recovery process verified that the dynamic and controllable 4D transformation of the LAA device was accessible. The LAA device can be deployed in swine heart, which showed the developed LAA device was feasible for LAA occlusion.
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