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A nondestructive testing approach capable of evaluating damage accumulation in cast iron with a microstructure of nodular graphite in a matrix of iron is presented. The approach, involving non-collinear wave mixing of ultrasonic waves, is applied to a test sample damaged in a three-point fatigue damage. Results show that the non-collinear ultrasonic approach has the potential of being capable to detect and assess damage in cast iron components. Nonlinear ultrasonic results also show that damage accumulation is proportion with the maximum strain induced at the point. Results also show the importance of using frequencies as low as possible and to also minimize the travel path lengths of both the two primary waves and of the nonlinearly generated scattered wave.
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Joshua Love, Mark Walluk, Henrique L. Reis, "Nonlinear ultrasonic assessment of damage in cast iron components," Proc. SPIE 12048, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems XVI, 120480U (19 April 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613048