Nowadays, the main limiting factor of power scaling of high-power thulium fiber lasers is high heat load causing thermal mode instability (TMI) and other thermally induced difficulties. Increased temperature of the fiber core also leads to large changes of its spectroscopic parameters. In this work, we present the experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of the thulium-doped fibers. The results of the temperature-dependent fluorescence lifetime, absorption and emission cross-section spectra, and energy transfer coefficient k3011, which characterizes so-called “two-for-one” cross-relaxation process 3H4, 3H6 → 3F4, 3F4, were employed to develop a numerical model for simulation and optimization of high-power thulium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers with temperature-dependent fiber characteristics.
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