Glucose detection in the epidermal interstitial fluid via THz attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: an ex vivo study towards a novel non-invasive approach

Lorenza P. Foglia; Bjørn Hübschmann Mølvig; Miriam Galbiati; Simon Jappe Lange; Peter Uhd Jepsen

doi:10.1117/12.3000611

27 March 2024 Glucose detection in the epidermal interstitial fluid via THz attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: an ex vivo study towards a novel non-invasive approach

Lorenza P. Foglia, Bjørn Hübschmann Mølvig, Miriam Galbiati, Simon Jappe Lange, Peter Uhd Jepsen

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Proceedings Volume 12850, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXIV: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics; 128500H (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000611
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2024, San Francisco, California, United States

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Abstract

The skin’s interstitial fluid (ISF) represents a versatile platform for non-invasive in vivo biosensing of systemic biomarkers such as glucose. Biomedical applications of THz spectroscopy mostly leverage the strong interaction between THz light and water by mapping frequency-dependent changes in the sample’s dielectric response. We propose a novel THz spectroscopy-based approach for non-invasive detection of glucose in the skin’s ISF in conjunction with machine learning (ML). In this study, we explore advantages and limitations an ex vivo experiment on fresh porcine skin as a proof of concept of our approach. We investigate multiple sources of variation in such a dataset to understand how well our samples represent their in vivo counterpart. We characterize inter-sample and intra-sample variations to rule out undesired bias in our data that may complicate classification or regression tasks for glucose detection. Our results indicate that occlusion during THz contact measurements affects fresh ex vivo porcine skin similarly to what has previously been reported for in vivo human skin. Data processing strategies for ex vivo experiments for THz spectroscopy or imaging should therefore find ways to account for these effects.

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Lorenza P. Foglia, Bjørn Hübschmann Mølvig, Miriam Galbiati, Simon Jappe Lange, and Peter Uhd Jepsen "Glucose detection in the epidermal interstitial fluid via THz attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: an ex vivo study towards a novel non-invasive approach", Proc. SPIE 12850, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXIV: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 128500H (27 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000611

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