Multi-pixel short-wave infra-red (SWIR) Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors have enabled unprecedented 3D imaging capabilities in commercial and government platforms. Traditionally, GmAPD sensors operate in range-gated synchronous mode and direct-detect (DD) single photons transmitted by the laser light that is back scattered from distant object. In this work, we explore performance metrics of asynchronous GmAPD sensors for single photon direct-detect as well as coherent-detect (CD) systems. The characteristics of free-running pixels, photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark-count rate (DCR), as well as bandwidth and jitter are discussed specific to DD and CD single-photon sensor operation.
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