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13 March 2024 Observation of photon Bose-Einstein condensation in a VCSEL
Maciej Pieczarka, Marcin Gebski, Aleksandra N. Piasecka, James A. Lott, Axel Pelster, Michal Wasiak, Tomasz Czyszanowski
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Proceedings Volume PC12904, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII; PC1290407 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003251
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2024, San Francisco, California, United States
Abstract
The common understanding of laser operation is based on the non-equilibrium balance between the optical gain and the losses of the device, resulting in the stimulated emission of light above critical pumping threshold. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a broad-area VCSEL can operate in a state close to thermal equilibrium, enabling the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons. We observe condensation to the fundamental optical mode of the 23 µm-diameter device, followed by a thermalised distribution of photons in higher-order modes. Moreover, we extracted experimentally the thermodynamic properties of the photon gas and found that it closely follows the equation of state of a 2D boson gas in thermal equilibrium. This work offers a novel avenue for collective quantum phenomena in a well-established VCSEL platform.
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(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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Maciej Pieczarka, Marcin Gebski, Aleksandra N. Piasecka, James A. Lott, Axel Pelster, Michal Wasiak, and Tomasz Czyszanowski "Observation of photon Bose-Einstein condensation in a VCSEL", Proc. SPIE PC12904, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, PC1290407 (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003251
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KEYWORDS
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
Semiconductors
Data communications
Laser development
Optical properties
Physics
Thermal effects
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