A hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF) with high birefringence for temperature sensing based on surface plasmon resonance effect is proposed. For the HC-NCF, the cladding layer is composed of six silica tubes, and the thickness and radius of the two silica tubes in the y-axis direction are different from those of other ones. Moreover, the two silica tubes in the y-axis direction are filled with the gold wires, and the ethanol to be tested is filled in other silica tubes and air area. As the temperature changes, the coupling state between the x-pol core mode and surface plasmon polarization mode will change. The temperature sensitivity can be up to 3.1 nm / ° C in the range of 20°C to 40°C. Moreover, the proposed HC-NCF temperature sensor simultaneously achieves the maximum R of 3.333 × 10 ^{− 2} ° C and maximum FOM of 269 ° C ^{− 1}, which indicates that it has high sensitivity, good linearity, high R, and large FOM. The proposed HC-NCF temperature sensor is expected to be useful in the field of the environmental monitoring.