Prof. Douglas J. Weber Profile

Prof. Douglas J. Weber

at Carnegie Mellon Univ

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Paper

Detecting and decoding spiking activity from sample populations of single motor neurons using wearable sensors

Jordyn Ting, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Nikhil Verma, Devapratim Sarma, Nicholas Annetta, Jennifer Collinger, Dario Farina, Douglas Weber

Proceedings Volume 11663, 116630A (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583313

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Sensors, Spinal cord, Injuries, Electromyography, Brain, Surgery, Robotics, Interfaces, Electrodes

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Action potentials generated by motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord carry information about intended and ongoing movement. These biopotentials are typically measured with sensors placed in close proximity to the neurons, providing a direct readout of motor output. For people that have become paralyzed due to spinal cord injury, such readouts can be used to form control signals for operating assistive devices, such as robotic arms and exoskeletons. While most methods for measuring the firing activity of single neurons rely on electrodes that are implanted in the brain, the requirement for surgery poses a barrier to widespread use. Here, we demonstrate that a wearable sensor array can detect residual motor unit activity in muscles paralyzed after severe cervical spinal cord injury. Despite generating no observable hand movement, the volitional recruitment of motor neurons below the level of injury was observed across attempted movements of individual fingers and overt wrist and elbow movements. Subgroups of motor units were coactive during flexion or extension phases of the task. Single digit movement intentions were classified offline from the EMG power (root-mean-square) or motor unit firing rates. Median classification accuracy was 76% when using the root-mean-square of the EMG and 76.5% when using motor unit firing rates. This study provides the first demonstration of a wearable interface for recording and decoding firing rates of motor neurons below the level of spinal cord injury.

Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Open Access

Neurotechnology for monitoring and restoring sensory, motor, and autonomic functions

Pae Wu, Gretchen Knaack, Douglas Weber

Proceedings Volume 9836, 98360O (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222967

KEYWORDS: Nervous system, Sensors, Nanoparticles, Interfaces, Neurons, Electrodes, In vivo imaging, Magnetism, Action potentials, Acoustics

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The rapid and exponential advances in micro- and nanotechnologies over the last decade have enabled devices that communicate directly with the nervous system to measure and influence neural activity. Many of the earliest implementations focused on restoration of sensory and motor function, but as knowledge of physiology advances and technology continues to improve in accuracy, precision, and safety, new modes of engaging with the autonomic system herald an era of health restoration that may augment or replace many conventional pharmacotherapies. DARPA’s Biological Technologies Office is continuing to advance neurotechnology by investing in neural interface technologies that are effective, reliable, and safe for long-term use in humans. DARPA’s Hand Proprioception and Touch Interfaces (HAPTIX) program is creating a fully implantable system that interfaces with peripheral nerves in amputees to enable natural control and sensation for prosthetic limbs. Beyond standard electrode implementations, the Electrical Prescriptions (ElectRx) program is investing in innovative approaches to minimally or non-invasively interface with the peripheral nervous system using novel magnetic, optogenetic, and ultrasound-based technologies. These new mechanisms of interrogating and stimulating the peripheral nervous system are driving towards unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution, specificity and targeting, and noninvasiveness to enable chronic, human-use applications in closed-loop neuromodulation for the treatment of disease.

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