Prof. Bruce Zhi Gao Profile

Prof. Bruce Zhi Gao

Professor at Clemson Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (36)

Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Poster

Modeling the mechanical focal plane of atomic force microscopy

Adam Baker, Bruce Gao, Reece Fratus, Delphine Dean, Tong Ye, Farhad Shokati

Proceedings Volume PC12844, PC128440X (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003157

KEYWORDS: Atomic force microscopy, Modeling, Polystyrene, Mechanics, Equipment, Composites, Beam analyzers, Analog electronics, 3D modeling, 3D metrology

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 25 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Assessment of the microstructural differences of the articular cartilage surface in a porcine tibiofemoral joint using nonlinear optical microscopy

Calvin Chernyatinskiy, Hongming Fan, Michael Le, Zhao Zhang, Emily Ye, Jennifer Hsu, Maria Lutas, Bruce Gao, Tong Ye

Proceedings Volume 12384, 123840I (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650102

KEYWORDS: Cartilage, Collagen, Second harmonic generation, Optical microscopy, Biological samples, Biomechanics, Bone, Bandpass filters, Tunable filters, Tissues

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Multimodal microscopy imaging of cardiac collagen network: Are we looking at the same structures?

Zhao Zhang, Lily Neff, Amy Bradshaw, Hongming Fan, Emily Ye, William Richardson, Bruce Gao, Tong Ye

Proceedings Volume 12355, 1235508 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650223

KEYWORDS: Collagen, Confocal microscopy, Myocardium, Stimulated emission depletion microscopy, Second harmonic generation, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Tissues, Polarized light, Optical microscopy

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 8 March 2023 Poster + Paper

Evaluating vessel mechanics with optical coherence tomography based digital image correlation

Reece Fratus, Thomas Fair, Adam Baker, Lucas Schmidt, Tong Ye, Qi Wang, Taixing Cui, Thomas Borg, Arman Kilic, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 12367, 1236712 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650491

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Digital image correlation, Tissues, Arteries, Veins, Mechanics, Imaging systems, Image resolution, Speckle pattern

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Integrating SHG and two-color STED microscopy for super-resolved imaging of cell-matrix interactions in myocardium

Zhao Zhang, Adam Baker, Hongming Fan, William Richardson, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao, Tong Ye

Proceedings Volume 11967, 1196708 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610374

KEYWORDS: Stimulated emission depletion microscopy, Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Confocal microscopy, Collagen, Microscopes, Nanoparticles, Visualization, Proteins

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Automated chondrocyte viability analysis of articular cartilage based on deep learning segmentation and classification of two-photon microscopic images

Hongming Fan, Pei Xu, Michael Le, Jennifer Hsu, Xun Chen, Yang Li, Zhao Zhang, Bruce Gao, Shane Woolf, Tong Ye

Proceedings Volume 11966, 119660C (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609880

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing, Cartilage, Second-harmonic generation, Microscopes, Image classification, Dispersion, Signal detection

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 20 February 2020 Paper

Deep learning cell segmentation in chondrocyte viability assessment using nonlinear optical microscopy

Xun Chen, Nicole Wyman, Yang Li, Zheng Zhang, Steven Gannon, Chelsea Rose, Maria Lutas, Bruce Gao, Tong Ye

Proceedings Volume 11251, 112512K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547088

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Cartilage, Luminescence, Second-harmonic generation, Image processing algorithms and systems, Harmonic generation, Visualization, Tissues, Medical research, Microscopy

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2020 Paper

Study of the sarcomeric addition process in a tissue-like cell construct under mechanical overload via TPEF-SHG imaging system

Ailin Wei, Zhonghai Wang, Zongming Yang, Shenghao Tan, Tong Ye, Yonghong Shao, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 11244, 112442E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546280

KEYWORDS: Two photon excitation microscopy, Imaging systems, Heart, Beam splitters, Second-harmonic generation, Tissues, Microscopes

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Polarization-resolved SHG microscopy in cardiac hypertrophy study (Conference Presentation)

Zhonghai Wang, Cai Yuan, Yonghong Shao, Amy Bradshaw, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 10042, 100420M (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253161

KEYWORDS: Medical research, Heart, Tissues, Microscopy, Second-harmonic generation, Polarization, Harmonic generation, Visualization, Molecular biology, Diagnostics

Read Abstract +

Cardiac hypertrophy, a process initiated by mechanical alterations, is hypothesized to cause long-term molecular-level alteration in the sarcomere lattice, which is the main force-generating component in the heart muscle. This molecular-level alteration is beyond the resolving capacity of common light microscopy. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has unique capability for visualizing ordered molecular structures in biological tissues without labeling. Combined with polarization imaging technique, SHG microscopy is able to extract structural details of myosin at the molecular level so as to reveal molecular-level alterations that occur during hypertrophy. The myosin filaments are believed to possess C6 symmetry; thus, the nonlinear polarization response relationship between generated second harmonic light I^2ωand incident fundamental light I^ω is determined by nonlinear coefficients, χ_15, χ_31 and χ_33. χ_31/χ_15 is believed to be an indicator of the molecular symmetry of myosin filament, whileχ_33/χ_15represents the intramyosin orientation angle of the double helix. By changing the polarization of the incident light and evaluating the corresponding SHG signals, the molecular structure of the myosin, reflected by the χ coefficients, can be revealed. With this method, we studied the structural properties of heart tissues in different conditions, including those in normal, physiologically hypertrophic (heart tissue from postpartum female rats), and pathologically hypertrophic (heart tissue from transverse-aorta constricted rats) conditions. We found that ratios of χ_31/χ_15 showed no significant difference between heart tissues from different conditions; their values were all close to 1, which demonstrated that Kleinman symmetry held for all conditions. Ratios of χ_33/χ_15 from physiologically or pathologically hypertrophic heart tissues were raised and showed significant difference from those from normal heart tissues, which indicated that the intramyosin orientation angle of the double helix was altered when heart tissues hypertrophied. Polarization-resolved SHG microscopy permitted us to study heart tissues at the molecular level and may serve as a diagnostic tool for cardiac hypertrophy.

SPIE Journal Paper | 9 December 2016 Open Access

Fast spectral surface plasmon resonance imaging sensor for real-time high-throughput detection of biomolecular interactions

Kaiqiang Chen, Youjun Zeng, Lei Wang, Dayong Gu, Jianan He, Shu-Yuen Wu, Ho-Pui Ho, Xuejin Li, Junle Qu, Bruce Zhi Gao, Yonghong Shao

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 12, 127003, (December 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.12.127003

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Surface plasmons, Optical sensors, Feedback loops, Imaging systems, Biosensors, Tunable filters, Spectral resolution, Time metrology, Charge-coupled devices

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

SPIE Journal Paper | 27 June 2014 Open Access

Two-step phase-shifting fluorescence incoherent holographic microscopy

Wan Qin, Xiaoqi Yang, Yingying Li, Xiang Peng, Hai Yao, Xinghua Qu, Bruce Gao

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 06, 060503, (June 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.6.060503

KEYWORDS: Holograms, Phase shifts, Luminescence, Holography, Spatial light modulators, 3D image processing, Modulation, Linear filtering, Microscopy, Microscopes

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

Proceedings Article | 12 March 2014 Paper

Fast fluorescence holographic microscopy

Wan Qin, Xiaoqi Yang, Yingying Li, Xiang Peng, Xinghua Qu, Hai Yao, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8949, 89491W (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041839

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Luminescence, Holography, Microscopy, Holograms, Zone plates, Optical filters, 3D image processing, Spherical lenses, Objectives

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 28 February 2014 Paper

Pulse splitter-based nonlinear microscopy for live-cardiomyocyte imaging

Zhonghai Wang, Wan Qin, Yonghong Shao, Siyu Ma, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8948, 89482X (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041845

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Imaging systems, Beam splitters, Microscopy, Microscopes, Mirrors, Objectives, Laser safety, Cell mechanics, Electronic filtering

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 28 September 2013 Paper

1D-scanning addressable multiregional multifocal multiphoton microscopy

Wan Qin, Yonghong Shao, Honghai Liu, Xiang Peng, Hanben Niu, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8845, 884517 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024325

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Multiphoton microscopy, Imaging systems, Cameras, Beam splitters, Computer generated holography, Image resolution, Confocal microscopy, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Microscopes

Read Abstract +

SPIE Journal Paper | 11 June 2013 Open Access

Laser guidance–based cell detection in a microfluidic biochip

Wan Qin, Lucas Schmidt, Xiaoqi Yang, Lina Wei, Ting Huang, Julie Yuan, Xiang Peng, Xiaocong Yuan, Bruce Gao

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 06, 060502, (June 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.060502

KEYWORDS: Microfluidics, Neurons, CMOS cameras, Particles, Spinal cord, Laser optics, Luminescence, Biomedical optics, Microscopes, Flow cytometry

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

Proceedings Article | 9 March 2013 Paper

Laser guidance in a microfluidic biochip

Wan Qin, Lucas Schmidt, Xiaoqi Yang, Lina Wei, Ting Huang, Julie Yuan, Zhen Ma, Xiang Peng, Xiaocong Yuan, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8615, 86150S (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2003255

KEYWORDS: Microfluidics, Particles, Neurons, Geometrical optics, CMOS cameras, Biomedical optics, Luminescence, Laser scattering, Scattering, Laser development

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 1 March 2013 Paper

4D display of the outflow track of embryonic-chick hearts (HH 14-19) using a high speed streak mode OCT

Siyu Ma, Rui Wang, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Thomas Borg, Raymond Runyan, Zhi Gao

Proceedings Volume 8580, 85801G (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004588

KEYWORDS: Heart, Optical coherence tomography, Scanners, Cameras, Hemodynamics, Blood circulation, Visualization, Spectral resolution, Biomedical optics, 3D displays

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2013 Paper

Disassembly of myofibrils in adult cardiomyocytes during dedifferentiation

Honghai Liu, Wan Qin, Yonghong Shao, Zhonghai Wang, Huaxiao Yang, Raymond Runyan, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8587, 85871W (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2005156

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Second-harmonic generation, Tissues, Heart, In vitro testing, Multichannel imaging systems, Signal detection, Luminescence, Carbon dioxide, Microscopes

Read Abstract +

SPIE Journal Paper | 3 April 2012 Open Access

Addressable multiregional and multifocal multiphoton microscopy based on a spatial light modulator

Yonghong Shao, Junle Qu, Xiang Peng, Hanben Niu, Wan Qin, Honghai Liu, Bruce Gao

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 03, 030505, (April 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.030505

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Multiphoton microscopy, Scanners, Microscopes, Image resolution, Confocal microscopy, Beam splitters, Mirrors, Diffractive optical elements, Microlens

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

Proceedings Article | 23 February 2012 Paper

Multifocus nonlinear optical microscopy based on SLM

Wan Qin, Yonghong Shao, Honghai Liu, Junle Qu, Xiang Peng, Hanben Niu, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8226, 82262R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909558

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Image resolution, Microscopes, Imaging systems, Cameras, Multiphoton microscopy, Beam splitters, Computer generated holography, Spatial resolution, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 23 February 2012 Paper

Live cardiomyocyte imaging via hybrid TPEF-SHG microscopy

Honghai Liu, Wan Qin, Yonghong Shao, Qiuying Liu, Zhen Ma, Thomas Borg, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8225, 822524 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908381

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Imaging systems, Proteins, Microscopy, Luminescence, Harmonic generation, Femtosecond phenomena, Assembly equipment, Tissues, Wave propagation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 18 February 2012 Paper

Doppler streak mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Rui Wang, Julie Yun, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Raymond Runyan, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8213, 82131H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.906418

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Cameras, Scanners, Doppler tomography, Blood circulation, Heart, Signal to noise ratio, Phase shifts, Diffraction gratings, Mirrors

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 18 February 2012 Paper

4D imaging of embryonic chick hearts by streak-mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Rui Wang, Julie Yun, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Thomas Borg, Raymond Runyan, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 8207, 82073V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.907156

KEYWORDS: Heart, Optical coherence tomography, Cameras, Scanners, 3D acquisition, Visualization, Temporal resolution, Blood, Single mode fibers, Fiber couplers

Read Abstract +

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 2011 Open Access

Myofibrillogenesis in live neonatal cardiomyocytes observed with hybrid two-photon excitation fluorescence-second harmonic generation microscopy

Honghai Liu, Wan Qin, Zhen Ma, Bruce Gao, Yonghong Shao, Tong Ye, Thomas Borg

JBO, Vol. 16, Issue 12, 126012, (December 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3662457

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Second-harmonic generation, Harmonic generation, Microscopes, Microscopy, Luminescence, Green fluorescent protein, Beam splitters, Objectives, Signal detection

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 2011 Open Access

Universal and special keys based on phase-truncated Fourier transform

Wan Qin, Xiang Peng, Bruce Gao, Xiangfeng Meng

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 08, 080501, (August 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3607421

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Computer programming, Computer security, Phase retrieval, Cryptography, Optical engineering, Computer simulations, Network security, Optoelectronics, Optoelectronic devices

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 June 2011 Open Access

Megahertz streak-mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Rui Wang, Julie Yun, Bruce Gao, Xiaocong Yuan, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald

JBO, Vol. 16, Issue 06, 066016, (June 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3593149

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical coherence tomography, Scanners, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Polygon scanners, Mirrors, Heart, Electrons, Video

Read Abstract +

DOWNLOAD PAPER

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 June 2011

Vulnerability to chosen-plaintext attack of optoelectronic information encryption with phase-shifting interferometry

Wan Qin, Xiang Peng, Xiangfeng Meng, Bruce Gao

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 06, 065601, (June 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3590725

KEYWORDS: Phase interferometry, Optoelectronics, Cryptanalysis, Fourier transforms, Computer simulations, Optical engineering, Computer security, Charge-coupled devices, Information security, Computer programming

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 8 March 2011 Paper

An approach for megahertz OCT: streak mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Rui Wang, Julie Yun, Xiaocong Yuan, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 7889, 788920 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875384

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical coherence tomography, Scanners, Mirrors, Signal to noise ratio, Single mode fibers, Confocal microscopy, Photons, Streak cameras, Line scan image sensors

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 3 March 2011 Paper

3D myofibril imaging in live cardiomyocytes via hybrid SHG-TPEF microscopy

Yonghong Shao, Honghai Liu, Tong Ye, Tom Borg, Junle Qu, Xiang Peng, Hanben Niu, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 7903, 79030F (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875607

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Heart, 3D image processing, Imaging systems, Microscopes, Polarization, Scanners, Stereoscopy, Microscopy, Luminescence

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 22 February 2011 Paper

MEMS motor-based common-path endoscopic Fourier-domain OCT

Rui Wang, Julie Yun, Xiaocong Yuan, Bo Li, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 7893, 78930Z (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875322

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopy, GRIN lenses, Microelectromechanical systems, Michelson interferometers, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Biomedical optics, Signal to noise ratio, Polarization

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2010 Paper

Common-path endoscopic Fourier domain OCT with a reference Michelson interferometer

Rui Wang, Joseph Zinkovich, Bo Li, Xiaocong Yuan, Richard Goodwin, Roger Markwald, Hai Yao, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 7566, 75660L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842977

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopy, Michelson interferometers, Mirrors, Polarization, Signal to noise ratio, GRIN lenses, Astronomical imaging, Space reconnaissance, Imaging systems

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 20 August 2009 Paper

Laser guidance-based cell detection

Zhen Ma, Julie Yun, Yangzhang Wei, Karen J. Burg, Xiaocong Yuan, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 7400, 74000N (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827360

KEYWORDS: Geometrical optics, Particles, Cancer, Optical tweezers, Laser systems engineering, Refractive index, Glasses, Laser applications, Optical spheres, Gaussian beams

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Cell viability test after laser guidance

Tabitha Rosenbalm, Sarah Owens, Daniel Bakken, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 6084, 608418 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651467

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Particles, Laser development, Laser systems engineering, Beam controllers, Statistical analysis, Laser optics, Beam splitters, Microscopes, Luminescence

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 27 August 2005 Paper

Cell diagnosis based on optical forces

Meghna Sridharan, Yanzhang Wei, Xiang Peng, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 5930, 59301K (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617134

KEYWORDS: Particles, Refractive index, Laser scattering, Scattering, Laser optics, Photons, Beam shaping, MATLAB, Optical tweezers, Convection

Read Abstract +

In this article, we report the development of a novel system for distinguishing various types of cell based on the differences in the values of optical forces experienced by them. The laser induced optical forces arise when molecules comprising the cell interact with the photons of the laser beam resulting in an exchange of momentum. The basic principle is based on the phenomenon of laser cell guidance: a cell, in proximity of a weakly focused laser beam experiences a net force which attracts it to the centre of the beam and propels it along the axis of the beam. The 'guidance' is thus a direct result of the optical forces experienced by the cell. The guidance force experienced by the cell is directly related to the amount of momentum exchange, which in turn depends on factors such as the cell shape and size, the refractive index difference between the materials composing the cell and the materials in the culture media, and the properties of the beam. Since different cell types have different physical properties, they experience different optical (guiding) forces when they interact with the same laser beam. Since guidance force causes the cells to be propelled along the axis of the beam, the force with which the cell is propelled will directly determine the velocity with which the cell will move along the beam. Hence different types of cells will move with different velocities. Thus by studying this motion of cell, we in turn study the forces experienced by the cell. We propose that by analyzing the velocity with which cells are being guided by a laser beam, we can develop a technique to distinguish various cell types. Extensive GLMT theories calculate and predict theoretically the forces experienced by particles of a given size and refractive index for a given set of beam parameters. These theories are used as the basis to make judgments about the validity of our velocity and force calculation. The velocity assessments are conducted for a statistically significant number of cells from various cell types to explore the systematic difference among various groups of cells and, accordingly, the reliability of the developed method is discussed.

Proceedings Article | 18 October 2004 Paper

Multiple beam laser cell micropatterning system

Sriram Narasimhan, Richard Goodwin, Thomas Borg, Darren Dawson, Bruce Gao

Proceedings Volume 5514, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.559895

KEYWORDS: Optical lithography, Laser systems engineering, Optical fibers, Collagen, Tissues, Photoresist materials, Particles, Imaging systems, Laser development, Cameras

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2002 Paper

Nano- and microscale manipulation of biological particles by laser-guided direct writing

Bruce Gao, Joseph Fass, Michael Renn, David Odde

Proceedings Volume 4608, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.438454

KEYWORDS: Particles, Photons, Gold, Quantum optics, Quantum physics, Beam propagation method, Beam splitters, Microscopes, Imaging systems, Biomedical engineering

Read Abstract +

Showing 5 of 36 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (2)

Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies II

21 October 2019 | Hangzhou, China

Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies

12 October 2018 | Beijing, China

View contact details

UPDATE YOUR PROFILE

Is this your profile? Update it now.

Sign into your SPIE.org account

Don’t have a profile and want one?

Create an account on SPIE.org

Keywords/Phrases

Search In:

Publication Years