Prof. Frank Eisenhauer Profile

Prof. Frank Eisenhauer

at Max Planck Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (117)

Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Initial characterization of the ME1120 ROIC for the 512x512 pixel large SAPHIRA infrared e-APD array

G. Finger, F. Eisenhauer, T. Hardy, G. Burley, C. Mandla, J. Stegmeier

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121911S (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629491

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Video, Infrared radiation, Wavefront sensors, Cryogenics, Diodes, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster

Grism design for improving the spectral capabilities of GRAVITY+ at the VLTI

Joel Sanchez-Bermudez, Rebeca García-López, Salvador Cuevas, Frank Eisenhauer, Christian Straubmeier, Senol Yazici

Proceedings Volume 12183, 1218324 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630204

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Spectral resolution, Prisms, Optical filters, Observatories, Laser optics, Large telescopes, Interferometry, Germanium, Astronomy

Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

First on-sky results of ERIS at VLT

Kateryna Kravchenko, Yigit Dallilar, Olivier Absil, Alex Agudo Berbel, Andrea Baruffolo, Markus Bonse, Alexander Buron, Yixian Cao, Angela Cortes, Felix Dannert, Richard Davies, Robert De Rosa, Matthias Deysenroth, David Doelman, Frank Eisenhauer, Simone Esposito, Helmut Feuchtgruber, Natascha Förster Schreiber, Xiaofeng Gao, Hans Gemperlein, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Christian Ginski, Adrian Glauser, Andreas Glindemann, Paolo Grani, Pierre Haguenauer, Johannes Hartwig, Jean Hayoz, Marianne Heida, Matthew Kenworthy, Johann Kolb, Harald Kuntschner, Dieter Lutz, Daizhong Liu, Mike MacIntosh, Michael Marsset, Gilles Orban de Xivry, Hakan Özdemir, Alfio Puglisi, Sascha Quanz, Christian Rau, Armando Riccardi, Daniel Schuppe, Frans Snik, Eckhard Sturm, Linda Tacconi, William Taylor, Erich Wiezorrek

Proceedings Volume 12184, 121845M (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629258

KEYWORDS: Astronomical instrumentation, Near infrared, Sensors, Calibration, Cameras, Point spread functions, Adaptive optics, Spectral resolution, Galactic astronomy, Optical filters, Mirrors, Astronomical imaging, Astronomical instrumentation, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation

Deep images of the Galactic Center with GRAVITY

Julia Stadler, GRAVITY+ Collaboration, Antonia Drescher, Felix Mang, Frank Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121831I (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628251

KEYWORDS: Stars, Spatial resolution, Optical aberrations, Interferometers, Information theory, Image analysis, High angular resolution imaging, General relativity, Algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation

GRAVITY+ Astrometry: pushing micro-arcsecond precision with long baseline interferometry

Guillaume Bourdarot, Felix Widmann, Frank Eisenhauer, Sebastiano von Fellenberg, Stefan Gillessen, GRAVITY+ Collaboration

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121830S (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628785

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Polarization, Metrology, Infrared radiation, Fiber couplers, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation

Deformable Mirror Technology Development at ESO – From open-loop to eXtreme Adaptive Optics

Pierre-Yves Madec, Stefan Ströbele, Markus Kasper, Norbert Hubin, Frank Eisenhauer, Dieter Lutz, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin

Proceedings Volume 12185, 1218525 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2627835

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Prototyping, Imaging systems, Actuators, Observatories, Large telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

GRAVITY faint: reducing noise sources in GRAVITY+ with a fast metrology attenuation system

Felix Widmann, Stefan Gillessen, Thomas Ott, Taro Shimizu, Frank Eisenhauer, Maximilian Fabricius, Julien Woillez, Frédéric Gonté, Matthew Horrobin, Jingyi Shangguan, Senol Yazici, Guy Perrin, Thibaut Paumard, Wolfgang Brandner, Laura Kreidberg, Christian Straubmeier, Karin Perraut, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Paulo Garcia, Sebastian Hönig, Denis Defrère, Guillaume Bourdarot, Antonia Drescher, Helmut Feuchtgruber, Reinhard Genzel, Michael Hartl, Dieter Lutz, Nikhil More, Christian Rau, Sinem Uysal, Ekkehard Wieprecht

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121830U (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628813

KEYWORDS: Astronomical interferometers, Near infrared, Metrology, Laser metrology, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Backscatter, Telescopes, Fourier transforms, Stars, Diodes, Fiber couplers

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Measuring and compensating vibrations at the VLTI: MANHATTAN-II self-intrinsic noise and hardware extension

A. Bigioli, B. Courtney-Barrer, R. Abuter, F. Eisenhauer, F. Gonte, R. Laugier, G. Raskin, M. Riquelme, M. Salman, N. Schuhler, J. Woillez, D. Defrère

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121831Z (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629168

KEYWORDS: Vibration control, Sensors, Mirrors, Optical amplifiers, Telescopes, Amplifiers, Interferometry, Fringe analysis, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

GRAVITY+ Wide: towards hundreds of z ~ 2 AGN

Antonia Drescher, Maximilian Fabricius, Taro Shimizu, Julien Woillez, Pierre Bourget, Felix Widmann, Jinyi Shangguan, Christian Straubmeier, Matthew Horrobin, Nicolas Schuhler, Frank Eisenhauer, Frederic Gonté, Stefan Gillessen, Thomas Ott, Guy Perrin, Thibaut Paumard, Wolfgang Brandner, Laura Kreidberg, Karine Perraut, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Paulo Garcia, Sebastian Hönig, Denis Defrère, Guillaume Bourdarot, Helmut Feuchtgruber, Reinhard Genzel, Michael Hartl, Frank Haussmann, Dieter Lutz, Nikhil More, Christian Rau, Jonas Sauter, Sinem Uysal, Patrick Wessely, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Lukas Wimmer, Senol Yazici

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121830T (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628921

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Visibility, Mirrors, Stars, Atmospheric turbulence, Atmospheric modeling, Adaptive optics, Relays, Turbulence

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Building a GRAVITY+ adaptive optics test bench

Florentin Millour, Philippe Bério, Stéphane Lagarde, Sylvie Robbe-Dubois, Carole Gouvret, Olivier Lai, Fatmé Allouche, Christophe Bailet, Olivier Boebion, Marcel Carbillet, Aurélie Marcotto, Alain Spang, Paul Girard, Nicolas Mauclert, Jean-Baptiste Lebouquin, Thibaut Paumard, Férréol Soulez, Julien Woillez, Nikhil More, Frank Eisenhauer, Christian Straubmeier, Laura Kreidberg, Paulo Garcia, Sebastian Hoenig

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121831X (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2627105

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Mirrors, Device simulation, Point spread functions, Computer aided design, Deformable mirrors, Optical simulations, Wavefront sensors, Optical testing, Astronomical interferometry, Long baseline optical interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Towards a better understanding of OPD limitations for higher sensitivity and contrast at the VLTI

B. Courtney-Barrer, J. Woillez, R. Laugier, A. Bigioli, N. Schuhler, P. Guajardo, V. Lizana, N. Behara, F. Eisenhauer, M. Ireland, X. Haubois, D. Defrère

Proceedings Volume 12183, 1218328 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628835

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Waveguides, Oscillators, Wavefronts, Astatine, Atmospheric modeling, Adaptive optics, Waveguide modes, Digital filtering

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Proceedings Article | 15 January 2021 Poster + Paper

GRAVITY upgrade with high-performance grisms with factor >2 enhanced throughput

Senol Yazici, Takashi Sukegawa, Martin Mayer, Frank Eisenhauer, Yukinobu Okura, Karine Perraut, Laurent Jocou, Stefan Gillessen, Frank Haussmann, Alexander Buron, David Huber, Lothar Barl, Kateryna Kravchenko, Oliver Pfuhl, Sylvestre Lacour, Vincent Lapeyrere, Erich Wiezorrek, Thomas Ott, Thibaut Paumard, Jinyi Shangguan, Feng Gao, Christian Straubmeier, Patricia Guajardo, Miguel Riquelme, Laurent Pallanca, Reinhard Genzel, Tim de Zeeuw, Michael Bauböck, Maryam Habibi, Christian Rau, Alejandra Jimenez Rosales, Julia Stadler, Odele Straub, Eckhard Sturm, Sebastiano von Fellenberg, Felix Widmann, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Andreas Eckart, Guy Perrin, Antonio Amorim, Paolo Garcia, Wolfgang Brandner

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114461X (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561387

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Interferometry, Spectral resolution, Germanium, Phase interferometry, Image resolution, Zinc, Refractive index, Antireflective coatings, Optical properties

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 2020 Open Access

A new era of interferometry with GRAVITY

Frank Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 11443, 1144304 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2590128

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

The ExoGRAVITY project: using single mode interferometry to characterize exoplanets

S. Lacour, J. Wang, M. Nowak, L. Pueyo, F. Eisenhauer, A.-M. Lagrange, P. Mollière, R. Abuter, A. Amorin, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, A. Bohn, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, P. Caselli, B. Charnay, G. Chauvin, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, A. Cridland, P. T. de Zeeuw, R. Dembet, J. Dexter, A. Drescher, G. Duvert, F. Gao, P. Garcia, R. Garcia Lopez, T. Gardner, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, J. H. Girard, X. Haubois, G. Heißel, T. Henning, S. Hinkley, S. Hippler, M. Horrobin, M. Houllé, Z. Hubert, A. Jiménez-Rosales, L. Jocou, J. Kammerer, M. Keppler, P. Kervella, L. Kreidberg, V. Lapeyrère, J.-B. Le Bouquin, P. Léna, D. Lutz, A.-L. Maire, A. Mérand, J. D. Monnier, D. Mouillet, A. Muller, E. Nasedkin, T. Ott, G. P. P. L. Otten, C. Paladini, T. Paumard, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, O. Pfuhl, J. Rameau, L. Rodet, G. Rodriguez-Coira, G. Rousset, J. Shangguan, T. Shimizu, J. Stadler, O. Straub, C. Straubmeier, E. Sturm, T. Stolker, E. van Dishoeck, A. Vigan, F. Vincent, S. D. von Fellenberg, K. Ward-Duong, F. Widmann, E. Wieprecht, E. Wiezorrek, J. Woillez

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114460O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561667

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 14 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Dimensioning adaptive optics for future VLTI projects

Fabien Patru, Florentin Millour, Olivier Lai, Marcel Carbillet, Frank Eisenhauer, Stefan Gillessen, Maximilian Haase, Michael Hartl, Frank Haussmann, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Dieter Lutz, Christopher Mandla, Nikhil More, Thomas Ott, Thibaut Paumard, Christian Rau, Josef Schubert, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Julien Woillez, Senol Yazici

Proceedings Volume 11448, 1144871 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562433

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Numerical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Static phase aberrations in near-IR interferometry and GRAVITY's determination of the galactic center distanceStatic phase aberrations in near-IR interferometry and GRAVITY's determination of the galactic center distance

Julia Stadler, Guy Perin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Rousselet-Perraut, António Amorim, Paulo Garcia, Frank Eisenhauer, Michael Bauböck, Feng Gao, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Thomas Ott, Jinyi Shangguan, Odèle Straub, Eckhard Sturm, Sebastiano von Fellenberg, Felix Widmann, Oliver Pfuhl, Sylvestre Lacour, Julien Woillez, Mathias Nowak

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114460M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576225

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Visibility, Phase measurement, Calibration, Zernike polynomials, Superposition, Phase interferometry, Integrated optics, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

First four telescopes large-separation off-axis fringe-tracking interferometry with GRAVITY at the VLTI

Feng Gao, Frank Eisenhauer, Julien Woillez, Pierre Bourget, Bruno Chazelas, Roderick Dembet, Frédéric Gonté, Jürgen Ott, Nicolas Schuhler, Gérard Zins, Frank Haussmann, Michael Hartl, Stefan Gillessen, Reinhard Genzel, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Thibaut Paumard, Karine Perraut, Paulo J. Garcia, Christian Straubmeier, António Amorim, Thomas Ott, Felix Widmann, Jinyi Shangguan, Odèle Straub, Sebastiano von Fellenberg, Eckhard Sturm, Oliver Pfuhl, Michi Bauboeck, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Matthew Horrobin, Julia Stadler, Dieter Lutz, Taro Shimizu, Antonia Drescher, Mari Lena Bolzer

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114461I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561408

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometry, Interferometers, Atmospheric turbulence, Optical interferometry, Large telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Paper

Review and scientific prospects of high-contrast optical stellar interferometry

D. Defrère, O. Absil, J.-P. Berger, W. C. Danchi, C. Dandumont, F. Eisenhauer, S. Ertel, T. Gardner, A. Glauser, P. Hinz, M. Ireland, J. Kammerer, S. Kraus, L. Labadie, S. Lacour, R. Laugier, J. Loicq, G. Martin, F. Martinache, M. A. Martinod, B. Mennesson, J. Monnier, B. Norris, M. Nowak, J. U. Pott, S. Quanz, E. Serabyn, J. Stone, P. Tuthill, J. Woillez

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114461J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561505

KEYWORDS: Stellar interferometry, Interferometry, Nulling interferometry, Data acquisition, Stars, Adaptive optics, Integrated optics, Calibration, Large telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Polarization analysis of GRAVITY and the VLTI

Felix Widmann, Frank Eisenhauer, Oliver Pfuhl, Nicolas Schuhler, Xavier Haubois, António Amorim, Michi Bauböck, Wolfgang Brandner, Jason Dexter, Feng Gao, Paulo J. Garcia, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Sylvestre Lacour, Thomas Ott, Karine Perraut, Guy Perrin, Jinyi Shangguan, Odèle Straub, Christian Straubmeier, Eckhard Sturm, Sebastiano von Fellenberg

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114460S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559311

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Data modeling, Polarization analysis, Calibration, Signal attenuation, Birefringence, Polarimetry, Telescopes, Mirrors, Device simulation

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation

Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted galactic center observations with GRAVITY

Stefan Hippler, Wolfgang Brandner, Silvia Scheithauer, Martin Kulas, Johana Panduro, Peter Bizenberger, Henri Bonnet, Casey Deen, Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele, Frank Eisenhauer, Gert Finger, Zoltan Hubert, Johann Kolb, Eric Müller, Laurent Pallanca, Julien Woillez, Gérard Zins

Proceedings Volume 11448, 114484K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560222

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Infrared radiation, Interferometers, Infrared sensors, Infrared telescopes, Telescopes, Sensors, Large telescopes, K band

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

VLTI status update: tapping into a powerful second-generation instrumentation

Xavier Haubois, Roberto Abuter, Emmanuel Aller-Carpentier, Jaime Alonso, Juan Beltran, Jean-Philippe Berger, Pierre Bourget, Paul Bristow, Luis Caniguante, Bruno Chazelas, Claudia Cid, Ralf Conzelmann, Angela Cortes, Pascaline Darré, Alain Delboulbé, Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele, Diego Del Valle, Roderick Dembet, Reinaldo Donoso, Christophe Dupuy, Sebastien Egner, Frank Eisenhauer, Lorena Faundez, Eloy Fuenteseca, Robert Frahm, Daniel Gaytan, Juan Pablo Gil, Andreas Glindemann, Frédéric Gonté, Jaime Gonzales, Patricia Guajardo, Thibaut Guerlet, Sylvain Guieu, Pablo Gutierrez, Pierre Haguenauer, Pierre van der Heyden, Stefan Huber, Norbert Hubin, Christian Hummel, Lieselotte Jochum, Laurent Jocou, Jean-Paul Kirchbauer, Johann Kolb, Johan Kosmalski, Peter Krempl, Sylvestre Lacour, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Julien Leclercq, Jean Louis Lizon, Bruno Lopez, Yves Magnard, Anthony Meilland, Alexander Meister, Antoine Mérand, Steffen Mieske, Thibaut Moulin, Juan Osorio, Jürgen Ott, Claudia Paladini, Laurent Pallanca, Marcus Pavez, Luca Pasquini, Célia Pelluet, Isabelle Percheron, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Andrés Pino, Sébastien Poupar, Andrés Ramírez, Javier Reyes, Miguel Riquelme, Thomas Rivinius, Sylvain Rochat, Fernando Salgado, Markus Schöller, Nicolas Schuhler, Pavel Shchekaturov, Christian Stephan, Marcos Suarez, Alain Smette, Richard Tamblay, Mario Tapia, Konrad Tristram, Guillermo Valdes, Christophe Verinaud, Markus Wittkowski, Julien Woillez, Gérard Zins

Proceedings Volume 11446, 1144606 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561486

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019 Open Access

On-sky performance verification of near infrared eAPD technology for wavefront sensing at ground based telescopes, demonstration of e-APD pixel performance to improve the sensitivity of large science focal planes and possibility to use this technology in space

G. Finger, Ian Baker, D. Alvarez, F. Eisenhauer, G. Hechenblaikner, D. Ives, L. Mehrgan, M. Meyer, J. Stegmeier, H. Weller

Proceedings Volume 11180, 111806L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536156

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Near infrared, Diodes, Quantum efficiency, Adaptive optics, Readout integrated circuits, Aerospace engineering, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2018 Open Access

ERIS: revitalising an adaptive optics instrument for the VLT

R. Davies, S. Esposito, H.-M. Schmid, W. Taylor, G. Agapito, A. Agudo Berbel, A. Baruffolo, V. Biliotti, B. Biller, M. Black, A. Boehle, B. Briguglio, A. Buron, L. Carbonaro, A. Cortes, G. Cresci, M. Deysenroth, A. Di Cianno, G. Di Rico, D. Doelman, M. Dolci, R. Dorn, F. Eisenhauer, D. Fantinel, D. Ferruzzi, H. Feuchtgruber, N. Förster Schreiber, X. Gao, H. Gemperlein, R. Genzel, E. George, S. Gillessen, C. Giordano, A. Glauser, A. Glindemann, P. Grani, M. Hartl, J. Heijmans, D. Henry, H. Huber, M. Kasper, C. Keller, M. Kenworthy, J. Kühn, H. Kuntschner, J. Lightfoot, D. Lunney, M. MacIntosh, F. Mannucci, S. March, M. Neeser, P. Patapis, D. Pearson, M. Plattner, A. Puglisi, S. Quanz, C. Rau, A. Riccardi, B. Salasnich, J. Schubert, F. Snik, E. Sturm, A. Valentini, C. Waring, E. Wiezorrek, M. Xompero

Proceedings Volume 10702, 1070209 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311480

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Calibration, Mirrors, Galactic astronomy, Wavefront sensors, Control systems, L band

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Data reduction of the VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric instrument (Conference Presentation)

Vincent Lapeyrère, Pierre Kervella, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Sylvestre Lacour, Cesar Enrique Garcia-Dabó, Antoine Mérand, Julien Woillez, Guy Perrin, Frank Eisenhauer, Karine Perraut, Christian Straubmeier, António Amorim, Wolfgang Brandner

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107011F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314239

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Fourier transforms, Information operations, Phase measurement, Algorithm development, Software development, Telescopes, Interferometers, Integrated optics, Signal processing

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Correction of differential chromatic dispersion in GRAVITY

Xavier Haubois, Sylvestre Lacour, Guy Perrin, Roderick Dembet, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Vincent Lapeyrère, Burkhard Wolff, Frank Eisenhauer, Karine Rousselet-Perraut, Christian Straubmeier, Antonio Amorim, Wolfgang Brandner

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107011P (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312154

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Fourier transforms, Phase measurement, Dispersion, Metrology, K band, Calibration, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

The GRAVITY fringe tracker: correlation between optical path residuals and atmospheric parameters

S. Lacour, R. Dembet, R. Abuter, P. Fedou, G. Perrin, F. Eisenhauer, K. Perraut, C. Straubmeier, W. Brandner, A. Amorim

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070107 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313004

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric optics, Optical tracking, Fourier transforms, Astronomy, Stars, Physics, Telescopes, Calibration, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Open Access

Learnings from the use of fiber optics in GRAVITY

Magdalena Lippa, Stefan Gillessen, Nicolas Blind, Yitping Kok, Karine Perraut, Laurent Jocou, Frank Eisenhauer, Oliver Pfuhl, Marcus Haug, Stefan Kellner, Frank Haußmann, Markus Plattner, Christian Rau, Oliver Hans, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Thomas Ott, Erich Wiezorrek, Eckhard Sturm, Alexander Buron, Sylvestre Lacour, Reinhard Genzel, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Antonio Amorim

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107011Y (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312477

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Connectors, Polarization, Backscatter, Fiber lasers, Raman scattering, Laser metrology, Luminescence, Fiber optics, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Open Access

Improving GRAVITY towards observations of faint targets

Felix Widmann, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karin Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Feng Gao, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Martina Karl, Sylvestre Lacour, Magdalena Lippa, Thomas Ott, Oliver Pfuhl, Philipp Plewa, Idel Waisberg

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107010K (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312118

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Calibration, Data modeling, Systems modeling, Telescopes, Atmospheric modeling, Interferometers, Interferometry

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 July 2017 Open Access

Complex spectral line profiles resulting from cryogenic deformation of the SINFONI/SPIFFI diffraction gratings

Elizabeth George, Dominik Gräff, Michael Hartl, Heinrich Huber, Frank Eisenhauer, Helmut Feuchtgruber

JATIS, Vol. 3, Issue 03, 035002, (July 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.3.3.035002

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

The 2nd generation VLTI path to performance

Julien Woillez, Jaime Alonso, Jean-Philippe Berger, Henri Bonnet, Willem-Jan de Wit, Sebastian Egner, Frank Eisenhauer, Frédéric Gonté, Sylvain Guieu, Pierre Haguenauer, Antoine Mérand, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Sébastien Poupar, Markus Schöller, Nicolas Schuhler

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990706 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233971

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Optical tracking, Stars, Infrared radiation, Interferometers, Astatine, Mirrors, Infrared telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

GRAVITY detector systems

Leander Mehrgan, Gert Finger, Frank Eisenhauer, Johana Panduro

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99072F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2234731

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Infrared sensors, Wavefront sensors, Cameras, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Sensors, Avalanche photodetectors, Time metrology, Interference (communication), Infrared telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Open Access

The metrology system of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY

Magdalena Lippa, Stefan Gillessen, Nicolas Blind, Yitping Kok, Şenol Yazıcı, Johannes Weber, Oliver Pfuhl, Marcus Haug, Stefan Kellner, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Frank Eisenhauer, Reinhard Genzel, Oliver Hans, Frank Haußmann, David Huber, Tobias Kratschmann, Thomas Ott, Markus Plattner, Christian Rau, Eckhard Sturm, Idel Waisberg, Erich Wiezorrek, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Antonio Amorim

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990722 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232272

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Telescopes, Signal detection, Laser metrology, Sensors, Beam splitters, Phase shifts, Phase measurement, Receivers, Diodes

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Control bandwidth improvements in GRAVITY fringe tracker by switching to a synchronous real time computer architecture

Roberto Abuter, Roderick Dembet, Sylvestre Lacour, Nicola di Lieto, Julien Woillez, Frank Eisenhauer, Pierre Fedou, Than Phan Duc

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990721 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232019

KEYWORDS: Computer architecture, Switching, Computing systems, Computing systems, Sensors, Control systems, Reflectivity, Computer architecture, Actuators, Standards development, Real-time computing, Solar concentrators

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The new VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer) 1 instrument GRAVITY^{5, 22, 23} is equipped with a fringe tracker¹⁶ able to stabilize the K-band fringes on six baselines at the same time. It has been designed to achieve a performance for average seeing conditions of a residual OPD (Optical Path Difference) lower than ~300 nm with objects brighter than K = 10. The control loop implementing the tracking is composed of a four stage real time computer system compromising: a sensor where the detector pixels are read in and the OPD and GD (Group Delay) are calculated; a controller receiving the computed sensor quantities and producing commands for the piezo actuators; a concentrator which combines both the OPD commands with the real time tip/tilt corrections offloading them to the piezo actuator; and finally a Kalman¹⁵ parameter estimator. This last stage is used to monitor current measurements over a window of few seconds and estimate new values for the main Kalman¹⁵ control loop parameters. The hardware and software implementation of this design runs asynchronously and communicates the four computers for data transfer via the Reflective Memory Network³. With the purpose of improving the performance of the GRAVITY^{5, 23} fringe tracking^{16, 22} control loop, a deviation from the standard asynchronous communication mechanism has been proposed and implemented. This new scheme operates the four independent real time computers involved in the tracking loop synchronously using the Reflective Memory Interrupts² as the coordination signal. This synchronous mechanism had the effect of reducing the total pure delay of the loop from ~3.5 [ms] to ~2.0 [ms] which then translates on a better stabilization of the fringes as the bandwidth of the system is substantially improved. This paper will explain in detail the real time architecture of the fringe tracker in both is synchronous and synchronous implementation. The achieved improvements on reducing the delay via this mechanism will be quantified.

Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

VLT interferometer upgrade for the 2nd generation of interferometric instruments

Frederic Gonté, Julien Woillez, Nicolas Schuhler, Sebastian Egner, Antoine Merand, José Antonio Abad, Sergio Abadie, Roberto Abuter, Margarita Acuña, Fatmé Allouche, Jaime Alonso, Luigi Andolfalto, Pierre Antonelli, Gerardo Avila, Pablo José Barriga, Juan Beltran, Jean-Philippe Berger, Carlos Bolados, Henri Bonnet, Pierre Bourget, Roland Brast, Paul Bristow, Luis Caniguante, Roberto Castillo, Ralf Conzelmann, Angela Cortes, Françoise Delplancke, Diego Del Valle, Frederic Derie, Alvaro Diaz, Reinaldo Donoso, Reinhold Dorn, Philippe Duhoux, Christophe Dupuy, Frank Eisenhauer, Christian Elao, Eloy Fuenteseca, Ruben Fernandez, Daniel Gaytan, Andreas Glindemann, Jaime Gonzales, Sylvain Guieu, Stephane Guisard, Pierre Haguenauer, Andreas Haimerl, Volker Heinz, Juan Pablo Henriquez, P. van der Heyden, Norbert Hubin, Rodrigo Huerta, Lieselotte Jochum, Alfredo Leiva, Samuel Lévêque, Jean-Louis Lizon, Fernando Luco, Pedro Mardones, Angel Mellado, Juan Osorio, Jürgen Ott, Laurent Pallanca, Marcus Pavez, Luca Pasquini, Isabelle Percheron, Jean-Francois Pirard, Duc Than Phan, Juan Carlos Pineda, Andres Pino, Sebastien Poupar, Andres Ramírez, Claudio Reinero, Miguel Riquelme, Juan Romero, Thomas Rivinius, Chester Rojas, Felix Rozas, Fernando Salgado, Silvia Scheithauer, Christian Schmid, Markus Schöller, Waldo Siclari, Christian Stephan, Richard Tamblay, Mario Tapia, Konrad Tristram, Guillermo Valdes, Willem-Jan de Wit, Andrew Wright, Gerard Zins

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071Z (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233350

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Interferometers, Stars, Infrared radiation, Interferometry, Astatine, Mirrors, Mid-IR, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

GRAVITY acquisition camera: characterization results

Narsireddy Anugu, Paulo Garcia, Antonio Amorim, Erich Wiezorrek, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Frank Eisenhauer, Thomas Ott, Oliver Pfuhl, Paulo Gordo, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Perraut

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990727 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233315

KEYWORDS: Stars, Cameras, Telescopes, Optical tracking, Imaging systems, Sensors, Electroluminescent displays, Image sensors, Actuators, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 3 August 2016 Open Access

Making SPIFFI SPIFFIER: upgrade of the SPIFFI instrument for use in ERIS and performance analysis from re-commissioning

E. George, D. Gräff, H. Feuchtgruber, M. Hartl, F. Eisenhauer, A. Buron, R. Davies, R. Genzel, H. Huber, C. Rau, M. Plattner, E. Wiezorrek, H. Weisz, P. Amico, A. Glindemann, G. Hau, H. Kuntschner

Proceedings Volume 9908, 99080G (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231285

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Sensors, Collimators, Cameras, Wavefronts, K band, Calibration, Point spread functions, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 2016 Paper

CIAO: wavefront sensors for GRAVITY

Silvia Scheithauer, Wolfgang Brandner, Casey Deen, Tobias Adler, Henri Bonnet, Pierre Bourget, Fanny Chemla, Yann Clenet, Francoise Delplancke, Monica Ebert, Frank Eisenhauer, Michael Esselborn, Gert Finger, Eric Gendron, Adrian Glauser, Frederic Gonte, Thomas Henning, Stefan Hippler, Armin Huber, Zoltan Hubert, Gerd Jakob, Lieselotte Jochum, Laurent Jocou, Sarah Kendrew, Ralf Klein, Johann Kolb, Martin Kulas, Werner Laun, Rainer Lenzen, Marcus Mellein, Eric Müller, Javier Moreno-Ventas, Udo Neumann, Sylvain Oberti, Jürgen Ott, Laurent Pallanca, Johana Panduro, Jose Ramos, Miguel Riquelme, Ralf-Rainer Rohloff, Gérard Rousset, Nicolas Schuhler, Marcos Suarez, Gerard Zins

Proceedings Volume 9909, 99092L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232997

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Observatories, Infrared telescopes, Stars, Infrared sensors, Wavefront sensors, Infrared telescopes, Infrared radiation, Sensors, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 2016 Paper

System tests and on-sky commissioning of the GRAVITY-CIAO wavefront sensors

C. Deen, J. Kolb, S. Oberti, H. Bonnet, E. Müller, Z. Hubert, G. Zins, F. Delplancke, P. Haguenauer, L. Pettazzi, P. Bourget, M. Suarez-Valles, S. Scheithauer, A. Huber, M. Esselborn, Y. Clenét, E. Gendron, W. Brandner, R. Klein, R. Lenzen, Udo Neumann, M. Kulas, J. Panduro, J. Ramos, R.-R. Rohloff, T. Henning, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, C. Straubmeier, A. Amorim, F. Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 9909, 99092M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233005

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Stars, Infrared radiation, Mirrors, Control systems, Mendelevium, Matrices, Shape memory alloys

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Proceedings Article | 7 August 2014 Paper

Integration and bench testing for the GRAVITY Coudé IR adaptive optics (CIAO) wavefront sensor

C. Deen, P. Yang, A. Huber, M. Suarez-Valles, S. Hippler, W. Brandner, E. Gendron, Y. Clénet, S. Kendrew, A. Glauser, R. Klein, W. Laun, R. Lenzen, U. Neumann, J. Panduro, J. Ramos, R.-R. Rohloff, A. Salzinger, N. Zimmerman, T. Henning, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, C. Straubmeier, A. Amorim, F. Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 9148, 91482T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055127

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Computing systems, Mirrors, Real-time computing, Infrared radiation, Infrared sensors, Deformable mirrors, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: design report of the optomechanics and active cryogenic mechanisms

Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Sebastian Fischer, Markus Thiel, Marcus Haug, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Christian Straubmeier, Imke Wank, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 9147, 91472M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056703

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Computer aided design, Optical design, Optical components, Feedback control, Mechanical engineering, Optomechanical design, Cryogenic mechanisms, Spectral resolution, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: optical qualification

Senol Yazici, Christian Straubmeier, Michael Wiest, Imke Wank, Sebastian Fischer, Matthew Horrobin, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914627 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055313

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Sensors, Information operations, Image resolution, High dynamic range imaging, Channel projecting optics, Telescopes, Cameras, Polarization, Spectral resolution

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GRAVITY¹ is a 2^nd generation Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) operated in the astronomical K-band. In the Beam Combiner Instrument² (BCI) four Fiber Couplers³ (FC) will feed the light coming from each telescope into two fibers, a reference channel for the fringe tracking spectrometer⁴ (FT) and a science channel for the science spectrometer⁴ (SC). The differential Optical Path Difference (dOPD) between the two channels will be corrected using a novel metrology concept.⁵ The metrology laser will keep control of the dOPD of the two channels. It is injected into the spectrometers and detected at the telescope level. Piezo-actuated fiber stretchers correct the dOPD accordingly. Fiber-fed Integrated Optics⁶ (IO) combine coherently the light of all six baselines and feed both spectrometers. Assisted by Infrared Wavefront Sensors⁷ (IWS) at each Unit Telescope (UT) and correcting the path difference between the channels with an accuracy of up to 5 nm, GRAVITY will push the limits of astrometrical accuracy to the order of 10 μas and provide phase-referenced interferometric imaging with a resolution of 4 mas. The University of Cologne developed, constructed and tested both spectrometers of the camera system. Both units are designed for the near infrared (1.95 - 2.45 μm) and are operated in a cryogenic environment. The Fringe Tracker is optimized for highest transmission with fixed spectral resolution (R = 22) realized by a double-prism.⁸ The Science spectrometer is more diverse and allows to choose from three different spectral resolutions⁸ (R = [22, 500, 4000]), where the lowest resolution is achieved with a prism and the higher resolutions are realized with grisms. A Wollaston prism in each spectrometer allows for polarimetric splitting of the light. The goal for the spectrometers is to concentrate at least 90% of the ux in 2 × 2 pixel (36 × 36 μm²) for the Science channel and in 1 pixel (24 × 24 μm) in the Fringe Tracking channel. In Section 1, we present the arrangement, direction of spectral dispersion and shift of polarization channels for both spectrometers, and the curvature of the spectra in the science spectrometer. In Section 2 we determine the best focus position of the detectors. The overall contrast of images at different positions of the detector stage is computed with the standard deviation of pixel values in the spectra containing region. In Section 3 we analyze high dynamic range images for each spectrometer and resolution obtained at the afore determined best focus positions. We deduce the ensquared energy from the FWHM of Gaussian fits perpendicular to the spectra.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: thermal behaviour

Imke Wank, Christian Straubmeier, Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Sebastian Fischer, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914628 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055088

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Brain-machine interfaces, Copper, Nitrogen, Computer aided design, Temperature sensors, Interferometry, Infrared radiation, Solid modeling, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The beam combiners of Gravity VLTI instrument: concept, development, and performance in laboratory

L. Jocou, K. Perraut, T. Moulin, Y. Magnard, P. Labeye, V. Lapras, A. Nolot, G. Perrin, F. Eisenhauer, C. Holmes, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91461J (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054159

KEYWORDS: Information operations, Interferometry, Integrated optics, K band, Waveguides, Metrology, Modulation, Telescopes, Fourier transforms, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The interferometric baselines and GRAVITY astrometric error budget

S. Lacour, F. Eisenhauer, S. Gillessen, O. Pfuhl, Y. Kok, G. Perrin, K. Rousselet-Perraut, C. Straubmeier, W. Brandner, A. Amorin, J. Woillez, H. Bonnet

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057366

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Telescopes, Interferometry, Stars, Interferometers, Space telescopes, Observatories, Optical testing, Mirrors, 3D metrology

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Phase tracking with differential dispersion

Xavier Haubois, Sylvestre Lacour, Guy Perrin, Roderick Dembet, Pierre Fedou, Frank Eisenhauer, Karine Rousselet-Perraut, Christian Straubmeier, Antonio Amorim, Wolfgang Brandner

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91461Y (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056410

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Refractive index, Phase measurement, K band, Dispersion, Detection and tracking algorithms, Colorimetry, Fourier transforms, Humidity, Optical tracking

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

GRAVITY data reduction software

V. Lapeyrere, P. Kervella, S. Lacour, N. Azouaoui, C. Garcia-Dabo, G. Perrin, F. Eisenhauer, K. Perraut, C. Straubmeier, A. Amorim, W. Brandner

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056850

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Visibility, Fourier transforms, Metrology, Target acquisition, Phase measurement, Data modeling, Cameras, Interferometry, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Telescope birefringence and phase errors in the Gravity instrument at the VLT interferometer

B. Lazareff, N. Blind, L. Jocou, F. Eisenhauer, K. Perraut, S. Lacour, F. Delplancke, M. Schoeller, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, G. Perrin, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460X (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056304

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Mirrors, Birefringence, Sensors, Telescopes, Fourier transforms, Interferometers, Polarimetry, Error analysis, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Open Access

The GRAVITY instrument software/hardware related aspects

Thomas Ott, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Leonard Burtscher, Yitping Kok, Senol Yazici, Narsireddy Anugu, Roderick Dembet, Pierre Fedou, Sylvestre Lacour, Jürgen Ott, Frank Eisenhauer, Nicolas Blind, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Oliver Hans, Marcus Haug, Frank Haussmann, Stefan Huber, Annemieke Janssen, Stefan Kellner, Magdalena Lippa, Oliver Pfuhl, Eckhard Sturm, Johannes Weber, Antonio Amorim, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Rousselet-Perraut, Guy Perrin, Christian Straubmeier, Markus Schöller, Roberto Abuter

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462A (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055927

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Lamps, Camera shutters, Control systems, Analog electronics, Metrology, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical fibers, Fiber lasers, Laser metrology

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Open Access

The GRAVITY instrument software/high-level software

Leonard Burtscher, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Thomas Ott, Yitping Kok, Senol Yazici, Narsireddy Anugu, Roderick Dembet, Pierre Fedou, Sylvestre Lacour, Jürgen Ott, Thibaut Paumard, Vincent Lapeyrere, Pierre Kervella, Roberto Abuter, Eszter Pozna, Frank Eisenhauer, Nicolas Blind, Reinhard Genzel, Stefan Gillessen, Oliver Hans, Marcus Haug, Frank Haussmann, Stefan Kellner, Magdalena Lippa, Oliver Pfuhl, Eckhard Sturm, Johannes Weber, Antonio Amorim, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Rousselet-Perraut, Guy Perrin, Christian Straubmeier, Markus Schöller

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462B (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055928

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Process control, Control systems, Cameras, Telescopes, Signal detection, Data acquisition, Computing systems, Interferometers, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Open Access

GRAVITY: the impact of non-common optical paths within the metrology system

Yitping Kok, Stefan Gillessen, Sylvestre Lacour, Frank Eisenhauer, Nicolas Blind, Johannes Weber, Magdalena Lippa, Oliver Pfuhl, Leonard Burtscher, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Thomas Ott, Marcus Haug, Stefan Kellner, Frank Haussmann, Eckhard Sturm, Annemieke Janssen, Reinhard Genzel, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Christian Straubmeier, Wolfgang Brandner, Antonio Amorim, Oliver Hans

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914625 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055567

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Stars, Laser metrology, Interferometers, Telescopes, Information operations, Visibility, Sensors, Phase shifts, Time metrology

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

GRAVITY: the calibration unit

N. Blind, F. Eisenhauer, M. Haug, S. Gillessen, Magdalena Lippa, L. Burtscher, O. Hans, F. Haussmann, S. Huber, A. Janssen, S. Kellner, Y. Kok, T. Ott, O. Pfuhl, E. Sturm, J. Weber, E. Wieprecht, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, G. Perrin, K. Perraut, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91461U (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055542

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Mirrors, Telescopes, Stars, Metrology, Wavefronts, Light sources, Relays, Optical alignment, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY metrology system: modeling a metrology in optical fibers

N. Blind, Heinrich Huber, F. Eisenhauer, J. Weber, S. Gillessen, M. Lippa, L. Burtscher, O. Hans, M. Haug, F. Haussmann, S. Huber, A. Janssen, S. Kellner, Y. Kok, T. Ott, O. Pfuhl, E. Sturm, E. Wieprecht, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, G. Perrin, K. Perraut, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914624 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055553

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Phase modulation, Polarization, Waveguides, Polarizers, Cameras, Connectors, Temperature metrology, Birefringence, Laser metrology

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The fiber coupler and beam stabilization system of the GRAVITY interferometer

O. Pfuhl, M. Haug, F. Eisenhauer, S. Kellner, F. Haussmann, G. Perrin, S. Gillessen, C. Straubmeier, T. Ott, K. Rousselet-Perraut, A. Amorim, Magdalena Lippa, A. Janssen, W. Brandner, Yitping Kok, N. Blind, L. Burtscher, E. Sturm, E. Wieprecht, M. Schoeller, J. Weber, O. Hans, S. Huber

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914623 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055080

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Fiber couplers, Actuators, Mirrors, Prisms, Adaptive optics, Sensors, Cameras, Stars, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: optical design and first light

Christian Straubmeier, Senol Yazici, Michael Wiest, Imke Wank, Sebastian Fischer, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914629 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054736

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Integrated optics, Spectral resolution, Metrology, Prisms, Sensors, Polarization, Channel projecting optics, Detector arrays, Laser metrology

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The GRAVITY/VLTI acquisition camera software

Narsireddy Anugu, Paulo J. Garcia, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Antonio Amorim, Leonard Burtscher, Thomas Ott, Paulo Gordo, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Perraut

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055831

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Cameras, Telescopes, Sensors, Image sensors, Refraction, Stars, Wavefronts, Device simulation, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Open Access

The GRAVITY metrology system: narrow-angle astrometry via phase-shifting interferometry

Magdalena Lippa, Nicolas Blind, Stefan Gillessen, Yitping Kok, Johannes Weber, Frank Eisenhauer, Oliver Pfuhl, Annemieke Janssen, Marcus Haug, Frank Haußmann, Stefan Kellner, Oliver Hans, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Thomas Ott, Leonard Burtscher, Reinhard Genzel, Eckhard Sturm, Reiner Hofmann, S. Huber, David Huber, Stefanie Senftleben, Andreas Pflüger, Roland Greßmann, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914622 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054637

KEYWORDS: Phase shifts, Metrology, Phase shift keying, Calibration, Telescopes, Modulation, Phase interferometry, Interferometers, Interferometry, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Integration and testing of the GRAVITY infrared camera for multiple telescope optical beam analysis

Paulo Gordo, Antonio Amorim, Jorge Abreu, Frank Eisenhauer, Narsireddy Anugu, Paulo Garcia, Oliver Pfuhl, Marcus Haug, Eckhard Sturm, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Perraut, M. Duarte Naia, M. Guimarães

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91461V (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056572

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Telescopes, Beam analyzers, Sensors, Optical alignment, Optics manufacturing, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Silica, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

GRAVITY detector systems

Leander Mehrgan, Gert Finger, Matteo Accardo, Jean-Louis Lizon, Joerg Stegmeier, Frank Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91461M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057736

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Spectroscopy, Avalanche photodetectors, Wavefront sensors, Cameras, Infrared sensors, Telescopes, Infrared detectors, Liquid phase epitaxy, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2014 Paper

Near-infrared aberration tracking using a correlation algorithm on the Galactic Center

Narsireddy Anugu, Paulo Garcia, Antonio Amorim, Paulo Gordo, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Perraut

Proceedings Volume 9148, 91485B (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055869

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Wavefronts, Image sensors, Wavefront sensors, Telescopes, Reconstruction algorithms, Detection and tracking algorithms, Electroluminescent displays, Adaptive optics, Wavefront aberrations

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2014 Paper

Low vibration cooling using a pulse tube cooler and cryostat for the GRAVITY beam combiner instrument at the VLTI

M. Haug, F. Haussmann, S. Kellner, L. Kern, F. Eisenhauer, J.-L. Lizon, M. Dietrich, G. Thummes

Proceedings Volume 9151, 91513C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054729

KEYWORDS: Optical benches, Sensors, Copper, Liquids, Nitrogen, Photonic integrated circuits, Control systems, Fiber couplers, Imaging systems, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 8 July 2014 Paper

ERIS: preliminary design phase overview

Harald Kuntschner, Lieselotte Jochum, Paola Amico, Johannes Dekker, Florian Kerber, Enrico Marchetti, Matteo Accardo, Roland Brast, Martin Brinkmann, Ralf Conzelmann, Bernard Delabre, Michel Duchateau, Enrico Fedrigo, Gert Finger, Christoph Frank, Fernando Rodriguez, Barbara Klein, Jens Knudstrup, Miska Le Louarn, Lars Lundin, Andrea Modigliani, Michael Müller, Mark Neeser, Sebastien Tordo, Elena Valenti, Frank Eisenhauer, Eckhard Sturm, Helmut Feuchtgruber, Elisabeth George, Michael Hartl, Reiner Hofmann, Heinrich Huber, Markus Plattner, Josef Schubert, Karl Tarantik, Erich Wiezorrek, Michael Meyer, Sascha Quanz, Adrian Glauser, Harald Weisz, Simone Esposito, Marco Xompero, Guido Agapito, Jacopo Antichi, Valdemaro Biliotti, Marco Bonaglia, Runa Briguglio, Luca Carbonaro, Giovanni Cresci, Luca Fini, Enrico Pinna, Alfio Puglisi, Fernando Quirós-Pacheco, Armando Riccardi, Gianluca Di Rico, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Mauro Dolci

Proceedings Volume 9147, 91471U (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055140

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Sensors, Calibration, Mirrors, Stars, Spectrographs, Cameras, Wavefront sensors, Infrared sensors, Telescopes

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The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) is the next-generation adaptive optics near-IR imager and spectrograph for the Cassegrain focus of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) Unit Telescope 4, which will soon make full use of the Adaptive Optics Facility (AOF). It is a high-Strehl AO-assisted instrument that will use the Deformable Secondary Mirror (DSM) and the new Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF). The project has been approved for construction and has entered its preliminary design phase. ERIS will be constructed in a collaboration including the Max- Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich and the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri and will offer 1 - 5 μm imaging and 1 - 2.5 μm integral field spectroscopic capabilities with a high Strehl performance. Wavefront sensing can be carried out with an optical high-order NGS Pyramid wavefront sensor, or with a single laser in either an optical low-order NGS mode, or with a near-IR low-order mode sensor. Due to its highly sensitive visible wavefront sensor, and separate near-IR low-order mode, ERIS provides a large sky coverage with its 1’ patrol field radius that can even include AO stars embedded in dust-enshrouded environments. As such it will replace, with a much improved single conjugated AO correction, the most scientifically important imaging modes offered by NACO (diffraction limited imaging in the J to M bands, Sparse Aperture Masking and Apodizing Phase Plate (APP) coronagraphy) and the integral field spectroscopy modes of SINFONI, whose instrumental module, SPIFFI, will be upgraded and re-used in ERIS. As part of the SPIFFI upgrade a new higher resolution grating and a science detector replacement are envisaged, as well as PLC driven motors. To accommodate ERIS at the Cassegrain focus, an extension of the telescope back focal length is required, with modifications of the guider arm assembly. In this paper we report on the status of the baseline design. We will also report on the main science goals of the instrument, ranging from exoplanet detection and characterization to high redshift galaxy observations. We will also briefly describe the SINFONI-SPIFFI upgrade strategy, which is part of the ERIS development plan and the overall project timeline.

Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Open Access

LUCI in the sky: performance and lessons learned in the first two years of near-infrared multi-object spectroscopy at the LBT

Peter Buschkamp, Walter Seifert, Kai Polsterer, Reiner Hofmann, Hans Gemperlein, Reinhard Lederer, Michael Lehmitz, Vianak Naranjo, Nancy Ageorges, Jaron Kurk, Frank Eisenhauer, Sebastian Rabien, Mathias Honsberg, Reinhard Genzel

Proceedings Volume 8446, 84465L (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926989

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Cameras, Molybdenum, Spectroscopy, Switches, Astronomical imaging, Spectroscopes, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

The GRAVITY Coudé Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system for the VLT Interferometer

S. Kendrew, S. Hippler, W. Brandner, Y. Clénet, C. Deen, E. Gendron, A. Huber, R. Klein, W. Laun, R. Lenzen, V. Naranjo, Udo Neumann, J. Ramos, R.-R. Rohloff, P. Yang, F. Eisenhauer, A. Amorim, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, C. Straubmeier, Enrico Fedrigo, Marcos Suarez Valles

Proceedings Volume 8446, 84467W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926558

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Stars, Telescopes, Monte Carlo methods, Interferometers, Infrared radiation, Wavefronts, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The final design of the GRAVITY acquisition camera and associated VLTI beam monitoring strategy

Antonio Amorim, Jorge Lima, Narsireddy Anugu, Frank Eisenhauer, Alexander Graeter, Marcus Haug, Thomas Ott, Oliver Pfuhl, Markus Thiel, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Pedro Carvas, Paulo Garcia, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Karine Perraut

Proceedings Volume 8445, 844534 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925993

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, Imaging systems, Telescopes, Lenses, Beam analyzers, Metrology, Semiconductor lasers, Mirrors, Image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

GRAVITY: beam stabilization and light injection subsystems

O. Pfuhl, M. Haug, F. Eisenhauer, D. Penka, A. Amorim, S. Kellner, S. Gillessen, T. Ott, E. Wieprecht, E. Sturm, F. Haußmann, S. Huber, M. Lippa, L. Burtscher, K. Rousselet-Perraut, C. Straubmeier, G. Perrin, W. Brandner

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84451U (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925391

KEYWORDS: Fiber couplers, Mirrors, Cameras, Actuators, Telescopes, Sensors, Diodes, Prisms, Receivers, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

GRAVITY: metrology

Stefan Gillessen, Magdalena Lippa, Frank Eisenhauer, Oliver Pfuhl, Marcus Haug, Stefan Kellner, Thomas Ott, Ekkehard Wieprecht, Eckhard Sturm, Frank Haußmann, Clemens Kister, David Moch, Markus Thiel

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84451O (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926813

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Telescopes, Optical fibers, Mirrors, Diodes, Phase shifts, Phase measurement, Interferometry, Space telescopes, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: system design

S. Fischer, C. Straubmeier, C. Araujo-Hauck, S. Yazici, M. Wiest, I. Wank, F. Eisenhauer, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, K. Perraut, W. Brandner, A. Amorim, M. Schöller

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84451W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925289

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Sensors, Integrated optics, Metrology, Laser metrology, Interfaces, Optical tracking, Optical filters, K band, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The cryostat for the GRAVITY beam combiner instrument at the VLTI

M. Haug, F. Haussmann, S. Kellner, R. Hofmann, J. Eder, F. Eisenhauer, J.-L. Lizon, G. Thummes, H. Weisz

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925312

KEYWORDS: Optical benches, Sensors, Nitrogen, Fiber couplers, Copper, Liquids, Imaging systems, Control systems, Cameras, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: optical design

Christian Straubmeier, Sebastian Fischer, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Imke Wank, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, António Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925129

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Spectral resolution, Integrated optics, Sensors, Detector arrays, Prisms, Optical design, Polarization, Channel projecting optics, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: metrology laser blocking system

Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Sebastian Fischer, Stefan Gillessen, Christian Straubmeier, Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Imke Wank, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, António Amorim, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452S (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925151

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Metrology, K band, Laser metrology, Spectrometers, Absorbance, Integrated optics, Wavefronts, Reflectivity, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

A linear displacement mechanism for the GRAVITY spectrometers

Senol Yazici, Michael Wiest, Sebastian Fischer, Christian Straubmeier, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Andreas Eckart, Imke Wank, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Karine Perraut, Wolfgang Brandner, António Amorim, Markus Schöller

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452T (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925154

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Sensors, Brain-machine interfaces, Autocollimators, Distance measurement, Interferometry, Infrared sensors, Large telescopes, Interferometers, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

The integrated optics beam combiner assembly of the GRAVITY/VLTI instrument

L. Jocou, K. Perraut, A. Nolot, T. Moulin, Y. Magnard, P. Labeye, V. Lapras, F. Eisenhauer, G. Perrin, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452X (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925556

KEYWORDS: Information operations, Waveguides, Interferometry, Prototyping, K band, Doping, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Integrated optics, Phase shifts, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2010 Paper

NIP: the near infrared imaging photometer for Euclid

Mario Schweitzer, Ralf Bender, Reinhard Katterloher, Frank Eisenhauer, Reiner Hofmann, Roberto Saglia, Rory Holmes, Oliver Krause, Hans-Walter Rix, Jeff Booth, Parker Fagrelius, Jason Rhodes, Suresh Seshadri, Alexandre Refregier, Jerome Amiaux, Jean-Louis Augueres, Olivier Boulade, Christophe Cara, Adam Amara, Simon Lilly, Eli Atad-Ettedgui, Anna-Maria Di Giorgio, Ludovic Duvet, Christopher Kuehl, Mohsin Syed

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77311K (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857031

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Near infrared, Staring arrays, Electronics, Monochromatic aberrations, Photometry, Point spread functions, Thermography, Galactic astronomy, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

Dimensioning the Gravity adaptive optics wavefront sensor

Y. Clénet, E, Gendron, G. Rousset, S, Hippler, F. Eisenhauer, S. Gillessen, G. Perrin, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, K. Perraut, C. Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 7736, 77364A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856661

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Optical filters, Mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Wavefronts, Sensors, Computer simulations, Calibration, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2010 Open Access

Dissecting galaxies with adaptive optics

R. Davies, H. Engel, E. Hicks, N. Förster Schreiber, R. Genzel, L. Tacconi, F. Eisenhauer, S. Rabien

Proceedings Volume 7736, 77361G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856378

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Galactic astronomy, Stars, Adaptive optics, Kinematics, Photometry, Field spectroscopy, Deconvolution, Signal to noise ratio, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 26 July 2010 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: mechanical design

Sebastian Fischer, Michael Wiest, Christian Straubmeier, Senol Yazici, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 7739, 77393P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856118

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Sensors, Laser metrology, Metrology, Optical filters, Integrated optics, Optical alignment, Interfaces, Cameras, Collimators

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

GRAVITY spectrometer: metrology laser blocking strategy at OD=12

Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Sebastian Fischer, Hendrik Bartko, Stefan Gillessen, Christian Straubmeier, Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77342Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856021

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Metrology, Laser metrology, Spectroscopy, Coating, Infrared cameras, Mirrors, K band, Integrated optics, Absorbance

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Signatures of strong gravity with GRAVITY

A. Eckart, M. Zamaninasab, C. Straubmeier, S. Fischer, C. Araujo-Hauck, M. Garcia-Marin, M. Wiest, G. Witzel, R. Buchholz, N. Sabha, K. Muzic, F. Eisenhauer, T. Paumard, S. Yazici, G. Perrin, W. Brandner, K. Perraut, A. Amorim, M. Schöller

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77340X (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.855955

KEYWORDS: Stars, Near infrared, Polarization, Interferometry, Infrared radiation, Polarimetry, Infrared imaging, Synchrotrons, Interferometers, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

The Fiber Coupler subsystem of the future VLTI instrument GRAVITY

O. Pfuhl, F. Eisenhauer, M. Haug, M. Thiel, S. Kellner, A. Amorim, W. Brandner, J. P. Berger, K. Rousselet-Perraut, G. Perrin, C. Straubmeier, S. Gillessen, H. Bartko, A. Gräter

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77342A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857506

KEYWORDS: Fiber couplers, Actuators, Mirrors, Prisms, Polarization, Telescopes, Single mode fibers, Cameras, Interferometry, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Open Access

GRAVITY: a four telescope beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, G. Perrin, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier, K. Perraut, A. Amorim, M. Schöller, C. Araujo-Hauck, H. Bartko, H. Baumeister, J.-P. Berger, P. Carvas, F. Cassaing, F. Chapron, E. Choquet, Y. Clenet, C. Collin, A. Eckart, P. Fedou, S. Fischer, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, P. Gitton, F. Gonte, A. Gräter, P. Haguenauer, M. Haug, X. Haubois, T. Henning, S. Hippler, R. Hofmann, L. Jocou, S. Kellner, P. Kervella, R. Klein, N. Kudryavtseva, S. Lacour, V. Lapeyrere, W. Laun, P. Lena, R. Lenzen, J. Lima, D. Moratschke, D. Moch, T. Moulin, V. Naranjo, U. Neumann, A. Nolot, T. Paumard, O. Pfuhl, S. Rabien, J. Ramos, J. Rees, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Rouan, G. Rousset, A. Sevin, M. Thiel, K. Wagner, M. Wiest, S. Yazici, D. Ziegler

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77340Y (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856689

KEYWORDS: Stars, Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Sensors, Interferometry, Integrated optics, Spectroscopy, Wavefront sensors, Near infrared, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

The GRAVITY integrated optics beam combination

L. Jocou, K. Perraut, A. Nolot, J. P. Berger, T. Moulin, P. Labeye, S. Lacour, G. Perrin, J. B. Lebouquin, H. Bartko, M. Thiel, F. Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773430 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856375

KEYWORDS: Information operations, Prototyping, Integrated optics, Interferometry, K band, Telescopes, Phase shifts, Silica, Silicon, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

The GRAVITY spectrometers: optical design and principle of operation

Christian Straubmeier, Sebastian Fischer, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Michael Wiest, Senol Yazici, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773432 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.855983

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Integrated optics, Spectral resolution, Sensors, Detector arrays, Optical design, Polarization, Channel projecting optics, Metrology, Optical tracking

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

GRAVITY: design and performance of the fringe tracker

E. Choquet, F. Cassaing, G. Perrin, F. Eisenhauer, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier, K. Perraut, S. Gillessen

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77341Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.855984

KEYWORDS: Algorithm development, Infrared radiation, Interferometry, Current controlled current source, Tin, Telescopes, K band, Stars, Computer simulations, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

The GRAVITY acquisition and guiding system

Antonio Amorim, Jorge Lima, Oliver Pfuhl, Frank Eisenhauer, Stefan Kellner, Marcus Haug, Markus Thiel, Pedro Carvas, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier, Jean-Philippe Berger

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773415 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856907

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Stars, Telescopes, Control systems, Adaptive optics, Laser systems engineering, Laser scattering

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

The fringe detection laser metrology for the GRAVITY interferometer at the VLTI

H. Bartko, S. Gillessen, S. Rabien, M. Thiel, A. Gräter, M. Haug, S. Kellner, F. Eisenhauer, S. Lacour, C. Straubmeier, J.-P. Berger, L. Jocou, W. Chibani, S. Lüst, D. Moch, O. Pfuhl, W. Fabian, C. Araujo-Hauck, K. Perraut, W. Brandner, G. Perrin, A. Amorim

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773421 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856698

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Calibration, Phase shifts, Laser metrology, Infrared cameras, Diodes, Telescopes, Sensors, Phase measurement, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2010 Open Access

MICADO: optical configuration, performance, and folding

Demetrio Magrin, Roberto Ragazzoni, David Freeman, Frank Eisenhauer, Niels Tromp, Marco Drost, Ramón Navarro, Richard Davies, Reinhard Genzel

Proceedings Volume 7735, 77355G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856971

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Zoom lenses, Cameras, Adaptive optics, Staring arrays, Optical benches, Off axis mirrors, Collimators, Sensors, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2010 Open Access

The LUCIFER MOS: a full cryogenic mask handling unit for a near-infrared multi-object spectrograph

Peter Buschkamp, Reiner Hofmann, Hans Gemperlein, Kai Polsterer, Nancy Ageorges, Frank Eisenhauer, Reinhard Lederer, Mathias Honsberg, Marcus Haug, Johann Eibl, Walter Seifert, Reinhard Genzel

Proceedings Volume 7735, 773579 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857950

KEYWORDS: Molybdenum, Cryogenics, Switches, Control systems, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Spectrographs, Electronics, Camera shutters, Head

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2010 Paper

Prototyping and testing of mechanical components for the GRAVITY spectrometers

Michael Wiest, Sebastian Fischer, Markus Thiel, Marcus Haug, Ralf-Rainer Rohloff, Christian Straubmeier, Constanza Araujo-Hauck, Senol Yazici, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Karine Perraut, Antonio Amorim, Markus Schöller, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 7739, 77393Q (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856123

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Cryogenics, Sensors, Prototyping, Optical components, Actuators, Computer aided design, Manufacturing, Spectral resolution, Polarimetry

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Open Access

MICADO: the E-ELT adaptive optics imaging camera

Richard Davies, N. Ageorges, L. Barl, L. Bedin, R. Bender, P. Bernardi, F. Chapron, Y. Clenet, A. Deep, E. Deul, M. Drost, F. Eisenhauer, R. Falomo, G. Fiorentino, N. Förster Schreiber, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, D. Gratadour, L. Greggio, F. Grupp, E. Held, T. Herbst, H.-J. Hess, Z. Hubert, K. Jahnke, K. Kuijken, D. Lutz, D. Magrin, B. Muschielok, R. Navarro, E. Noyola, T. Paumard, G. Piotto, R. Ragazzoni, A. Renzini, G. Rousset, H.-W. Rix, R. Saglia, L. Tacconi, M. Thiel, E. Tolstoy, S. Trippe, N. Tromp, E. Valentijn, G. Verdoes Kleijn, M. Wegner

Proceedings Volume 7735, 77352A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856379

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Calibration, Stars, Sensors, Mirrors, Point spread functions, Optical filters, Imaging spectroscopy, Cameras, Galactic astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Opto-mechanical design of the spectrometers of GRAVITY: the 6-Baseline K-Band Interferometer for the VLTI

Christian Straubmeier, Frank Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Andreas Eckart

Proceedings Volume 7013, 701331 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787549

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Sensors, Spectral resolution, Integrated optics, Detector arrays, Polarimetry, Interferometry, Prisms, K band, Laser metrology

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Open Access

Study of the science capabilities of PRIMA in the Galactic Center

H. Bartko, O. Pfuhl, F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, S. Rabien, R. Abuter, G. v. Belle, F. Delplancke, S. Menardi, J. Sahlmann

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70134K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787319

KEYWORDS: Stars, Infrared imaging, Astatine, Galactic astronomy, Interferometers, General relativity, Near infrared, Interferometry, Distance measurement

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Fringe tracking optimization with 4 beams: application to GRAVITY

K. Houairi, F. Cassaing, G. Perrin, F. Eisenhauer, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier, S. Gillessen

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70131B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790967

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Phase measurement, Stars, Interferometers, Atmospheric propagation, Atmospheric modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Adaptive optics, Demodulation, Visibility

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

The VLTI real-time reflective memory data streaming and recording system

Roberto Abuter, Dan Popovic, Eszter Pozna, Johannes Sahlmann, Frank Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70134A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787882

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Computing systems, Computer architecture, Control systems, Astronomy, Binary data, Data processing, Network architectures, Distributed computing, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Open Access

GRAVITY: getting to the event horizon of Sgr A*

F. Eisenhauer, G. Perrin, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier, A. Richichi, S. Gillessen, J. P. Berger, S. Hippler, A. Eckart, M. Schöller, S. Rabien, F. Cassaing, R. Lenzen, M. Thiel, Y. Clénet, J. R. Ramos, S. Kellner, P. Fédou, H. Baumeister, R. Hofmann, E. Gendron, A. Boehm, H. Bartko, X. Haubois, R. Klein, K. Dodds-Eden, K. Houairi, F. Hormuth, A. Gräter, L. Jocou, V. Naranjo, R. Genzel, P. Kervella, T. Henning, N. Hamaus, S. Lacour, U. Neumann, M. Haug, F. Malbet, W. Laun, J. Kolmeder, T. Paumard, R.-R. Rohloff, O. Pfuhl, K. Perraut, J. Ziegleder, D. Rouan, G. Rousset

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70132A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788407

KEYWORDS: Stars, Telescopes, Near infrared, Adaptive optics, Metrology, Sensors, Interferometry, Integrated optics, Wavefront sensors, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Results from the VLTI-PRIMA fringe tracking testbed

Johannes Sahlmann, Roberto Abuter, Nicola Di Lieto, Serge Ménardi, Françoise Delplancke, Hendrik Bartko, Frank Eisenhauer, Samuel Lévêque, Oliver Pfuhl, Nicolas Schuhler, Gerard van Belle, Gautam Vasisht

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70131A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.786612

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Metrology, Computing systems, Signal to noise ratio, Atmospheric modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Observatories, Cameras, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Fringe detection laser metrology for differential astrometric stellar interferometers

S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, J. Ziegleder, Markus Thiel, Alex Gräter, Marcus Haug, F. Eisenhauer, Guy Perrin, Wolfgang Brandner, Christian Straubmeier

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70130I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788099

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Phase measurement, Interferometers, Mirrors, Telescopes, Fringe analysis, Stars, Light scattering, Calibration, Laser metrology

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Near-infrared wavefront sensing for the VLT interferometer

Stefan Hippler, Wolfgang Brandner, Yann Clénet, Felix Hormuth, Eric Gendron, Thomas Henning, Ralf Klein, Rainer Lenzen, Daniel Meschke, Vianak Naranjo, Udo Neumann, José Ricardo Ramos, Ralf-Rainer Rohloff, Frank Eisenhauer

Proceedings Volume 7015, 701555 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789053

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Control systems, Stars, Telescopes, Deformable mirrors, Electronics, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2008 Paper

The focal plane instrumentation for the DUNE mission

Jeff Booth, Mark Cropper, Frank Eisenhauer, Alexandre Refregier

Proceedings Volume 7010, 70101D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790066

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Charge-coupled devices, Staring arrays, Sensors, Mirrors, Electronics, Point spread functions, Calibration, Space operations, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 11 July 2008 Paper

Coupling LBT's double pupil into optical fibers

F. Müller Sánchez, F. Eisenhauer, M. Haug, C. Gál, A. Krabbe, T. Herbst

Proceedings Volume 7014, 70144I (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788445

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Microlens, Objectives, Telescopes, Interferometry, Point spread functions, Numerical simulations, Single mode fibers, Collimators, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2008 Paper

LIINUS: a design study for interferometric imaging spectroscopy at the LBT

C. Gál, F. Müller-Sánchez, A. Krabbe, F. Eisenhauer, C. Iserlohe, M. Haug, T. Herbst

Proceedings Volume 7014, 70147E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787771

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Sensors, Interferometry, Telescopes, Mirrors, Point spread functions, Cameras, Spatial resolution, Optical design, Microlens

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2008 Paper

LIINUS/SERPIL: a design study for interferometric imaging spectroscopy at the LBT

F. Müller Sánchez, C. Gál, F. Eisenhauer, A. Krabbe, M. Haug, C. Iserlohe, T. Herbst

Proceedings Volume 7014, 701425 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788061

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Interferometry, Stars, Optical fibers, Galactic astronomy, Telescopes, Microlens, Astronomy, Microlens array, Field spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 June 2006 Paper

LIINUS/SERPIL: a design study for interferometric imaging spectroscopy at the LBT

C. Gál, F. Müller-Sánchez, A. Krabbe, F. Eisenhauer, C. Iserlohe, M. Haug, T. Herbst

Proceedings Volume 6269, 62693O (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670220

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Interferometry, Spatial resolution, Sensors, Microlens array, Diffraction gratings, Telescopes, Cameras, Microlens, Galactic astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 28 June 2006 Open Access

GRAVITY: the adaptive-optics-assisted two-object beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

S. Gillessen, G. Perrin, W. Brandner, C. Straubmeier, F. Eisenhauer, S. Rabien, A. Eckart, P. Lena, R. Genzel, T. Paumard, S. Hippler

Proceedings Volume 6268, 626811 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671431

KEYWORDS: Stars, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Interferometry, Infrared radiation, Metrology, Infrared sensors, Infrared telescopes, Adaptive optics, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 28 June 2006 Paper

VLTI-PRIMA fringe tracking testbed

Roberto Abuter, Sebastian Rabien, Frank Eisenhauer, Johannes Sahlmann, Nicola Di Lieto, Marcus Haug, Anders Wallander, Samuel Lévêque, Serge Ménardi, Françoise Delplancke, Nicolas Schuhler, Stefan Kellner, Robert Frahm

Proceedings Volume 6268, 62682Y (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671318

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Control systems, Relays, Observatories, Atmospheric optics, Laser metrology, Device simulation, Optical simulations, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2004 Open Access

On-sky performance of SPIFFI: the integral field spectrometer for SINFONI at the VLT

Christof Iserlohe, Matthias Tecza, Frank Eisenhauer, Reinhard Genzel, Niranjan Thatte, Roberto Abuter, Matthew Horrobin, Alexander Schegerer, Juergen Schreiber, Henri Bonnet

Proceedings Volume 5492, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552197

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, Stars, Mirrors, Spectrographs, Spectral resolution, Calibration, K band, Spectroscopy, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Open Access

SINFONI: integral field spectroscopy at 50-milli-arcsecond resolution with the ESO VLT

Frank Eisenhauer, Roberto Abuter, Klaus Bickert, Fabio Biancat-Marchet, Henri Bonnet, Joar Brynnel, Ralf Conzelmann, Bernard Delabre, Robert Donaldson, Jacopo Farinato, Enrico Fedrigo, Reinhard Genzel, Norbert Hubin, Christof Iserlohe, Markus Kasper, Markus Kissler-Patig, Guy Monnet, Claudia Roehrle, Juergen Schreiber, Stefan Stroebele, Matthias Tecza, Niranjan Thatte, Harald Weisz

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459468

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Spectroscopy, Mirrors, Telescopes, Stars, Lenses, Sensors, Manufacturing, Cameras, Laser guide stars

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Proceedings Article | 30 January 2003 Paper

SPIFFI image slicer: high-precision optics at cryogenic temperatures

Matthias Tecza, Frank Eisenhauer, Christof Iserlohe, Niranjan Thatte, Roberto Abuter, Claudia Roehrle, Juergen Schreiber

Proceedings Volume 4842, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457392

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Zerodur, Cryogenics, Spectrographs, Prisms, Spectroscopy, Polishing, Point spread functions, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2000 Paper

SPIFFI image slicer: revival of image slicing with plane mirrors

Matthias Tecza, Niranjan Thatte, Frank Eisenhauer, Sabine Mengel, Claudia Roehrle, Klaus Bickert

Proceedings Volume 4008, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.395451

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Spectrographs, Telescopes, 3D image processing, Adaptive optics, Zerodur, Field spectroscopy, 3D image enhancement, Manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2000 Paper

LUCIFER-MOS: a cryogenic multi-object infrared spectrograph for the LBT

Reiner Hofmann, Niranjan Thatte, Matthias Tecza, Frank Eisenhauer, Matthew Lehnert

Proceedings Volume 4008, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.395427

KEYWORDS: Molybdenum, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Cryogenics, Astronomical imaging, Space telescopes, Collimators, Infrared radiation, Diffraction, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2000 Paper

Imaging the universe in 3D with the VLT: the next-generation field spectrometer SPIFFI

Frank Eisenhauer, Matthias Tecza, Sabine Mengel, Niranjan Thatte, Claudia Roehrle, Klaus Bickert, Juergen Schreiber

Proceedings Volume 4008, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.395483

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Cameras, Electronics, Diffraction, Near infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, K band

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2000 Paper

LUCIFER: a NIR spectrograph and imager for the LBT

Holger Mandel, Immo Appenzeller, Dominik Bomans, Frank Eisenhauer, Bernard Grimm, Thomas Herbst, Reiner Hofmann, Michael Lehmitz, Roland Lemke, Matthew Lehnert, Rainer Lenzen, Thomas Luks, Ralf Mohr, Walter Seifert, Niranjan Thatte, Peter Weiser, Wenli Xu

Proceedings Volume 4008, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.395535

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical fibers, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, Control systems, Diffraction, Electronics, Mirrors, Telescopes, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2000 Paper

Impact of adaptive optics on star formation research

Markus Feldt, Markus Kasper, Frank Eisenhauer, Stefan Hippler

Proceedings Volume 4007, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390383

KEYWORDS: Stars, Adaptive optics, Clouds, Point spread functions, Photons, Composites, Photometry, K band, Visualization, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 29 June 2000 Paper

New era of spectroscopy: SINFONI NIR integral field spectroscopy at the diffraction limit of an 8-m telescope

Sabine Mengel, Frank Eisenhauer, Matthias Tecza, Niranjan Thatte, Claudia Roehrle, Klaus Bickert, Juergen Schreiber

Proceedings Volume 4005, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390151

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Stars, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Diffraction, Near infrared, Galactic astronomy, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Open Access

SINFONI: a near-infrared AO-assisted integral field spectrometer for the VLT

Niranjan Thatte, Matthias Tecza, Frank Eisenhauer, Sabine Mengel, Alfred Krabbe, S. Pak, Reinhard Genzel, Domenico Bonaccini, Eric Emsellem, Francois Rigaut, Bernard Delabre, Guy Monnet

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321638

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Adaptive optics, Diffraction, Telescopes, Sensors, K band, Spectral resolution, Optical fibers, Space telescopes, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1997 Paper

Adaptive optics high-spectral-resolution imaging of the planetary nebula IC418

Bernhard Brandl, John-David Smith, John Wilson, Frank Eisenhauer, James Houck

Proceedings Volume 3126, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279063

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Helium, Stars, Spectral resolution, Cameras, Hydrogen, Near infrared, Calibration, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1997 Paper

Stellar population of NGC 3603 from adaptive optics observations

Frank Eisenhauer, Andreas Quirrenbach, Hans Zinnecker

Proceedings Volume 3126, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279058

KEYWORDS: Stars, Error analysis, Phase modulation, Point spread functions, Adaptive optics, K band, Photometry, Monte Carlo methods, Clouds, Deconvolution

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