Dr. Gerard T. van Belle Profile

Dr. Gerard T. van Belle

Astronomer at Lowell Observatory

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Area of Expertise:

Astronomical Interferometry , Astronomical Instrumentation , Long-baseline optical interferometry

Websites:

Personal Website

Publications (59)

Proceedings Article | 29 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Considerations for a next-generation Great Observatory class space-based interferometer for far-infrared astronomy

Berke Ricketti, Locke Spencer, David Leisawitz, Lee Mundy, David Wilner, Chris Benson, Gerard van Belle, Colm Bracken, Giorgio Savini, Jeremy Scott, William Grainger, Hannah Rana, Matteo Bonato, Duncan Farrah, Conor Nixon

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130951T (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019681

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Observatories, Telescopes, Astronomical interferometers, Observational astronomy, Space telescopes, Interferometers, James Webb Space Telescope, Infrared telescopes, Galactic astronomy

Read Abstract +

Astronomy at far-infrared (far-IR) wavelengths is essential to our understanding of the evolution of the cosmos, from the star formation history of galaxies to how the ice distribution affects the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. The Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb Space Telescope, and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array have already produced ground-breaking astronomical observations with high angular resolution spanning the visible to sub-millimetre wavelength regimes. However, this presents a gap in the far-IR, from roughly 30−400μm, where ground-based observations are largely intractable due to the opacity of Earth’s atmosphere. Indeed, no telescope, observatory, or interferometry array has ever achieved sub-arcsecond angular resolution over this wavelength range. A space-based solution is needed. However, a space-based far-IR telescope capable of subarcsecond angular resolution and high sensitivity, at a cost comparable to the largest space missions to date, presents unique physical, practical, and engineering challenges. In this paper, we envisage what a far-IR Great Observatory class mission might look like in the context of the already-studied Origins Space Telescope (OST) and the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT). We begin with a historical reflection of far-IR missions, including OST and the recommendations by the Astro2020 Decadal Survey for a de-scoped mission. We use this to motivate the recommendation of a space-based interferometer as a reasonable path towards sub-arcsecond angular resolution at far-IR wavelengths. Using the SPIRIT mission concept as inspiration, we consider multiple point designs for a two element, structurally connected spatial-spectral space-based far-IR interferometer to understand the implications on achieved angular resolution and estimate total mission cost in context of the Decadal Survey recommended far-IR Great Observatory cost cap. This paper illustrates the unique capabilities only possible through a space-based far-IR double Fourier interferometry mission capable of sub-arcsecond resolution.

Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

CHARA/Silmaril instrument software and data reduction pipeline: characterization of the instrument in the lab and on-sky

Narsireddy Anugu, Theo ten brummelaar, Cyprien Lanthermann, Peter Tuthill, Edgar Ligon, Gail Schaefer, Douglas Gies, Grace Piroscia, Adam Taras, Gerard van Belle, Makoto Kishimoto, Marc-Antoine Martinod

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130951B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019305

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Telescopes, Sensors, Stars, Data acquisition, Signal to noise ratio, K band, Mirrors, Design, Infrared cameras, Data acquisition boards, Astronomical telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Big Fringe Telescope

Gerard van Belle, Anders Jorgensen

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130951R (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020515

KEYWORDS: Stellar interferometry, Facility engineering, Astronomical interferometers, Astronomical interferometry, Long baseline optical interferometry, Telescopes, Stars, Astronomical imaging, Optical interferometry, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Artemis-enabled Stellar Imager (AeSI): a Lunar long-baseline UV/optical imaging interferometer

Gioia Rau, Kenneth Carpenter, Tabetha Boyajian, Michelle Creech-Eakman, Julianne Foster, Margarita Karovska, David Leisawitz, Jon Morse, David Mozurkewich, Sarah Peacock, Noah Petro, Paul Scowen, Breann Sitarski, Gerard van Belle, Erik Wilkinson

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130951J (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028797

KEYWORDS: Astronomical interferometers, Imaging systems, Stars, Interferometers, Stellar interferometry, Chemical elements, Ultraviolet radiation, Magnetism, Exoplanets, Engineering

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

MoonLITE: a CLPS-delivered NASA Astrophysics Pioneers lunar optical interferometer for sensitive, milliarcsecond observing

Gerard van Belle, David Ciardi, Daniel Hillsberry, Anders Jorgensen, John Monnier, Krista Lynne Smith, Tabetha Boyajian, Kenneth Carpenter, Catherine Clark, Gioia Rau, Gail Schaefer

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130922N (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020371

KEYWORDS: Long baseline optical interferometry, Astronomical interferometry, Michelson interferometers, Exoplanetary science, Telescopes, Equipment, Stars, Optical interferometry, Astronomical interferometers, Spatial resolution, Astrophysics

Read Abstract +

MoonLITE (Lunar InTerferometry Explorer) is an Astrophysics Pioneers proposal to develop, build, fly, and operate the first separated-aperture optical interferometer in space, delivering sub-milliarcsecond science results. MoonLITE will leverage the Pioneers opportunity for utilizing NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) to deliver an optical interferometer to the lunar surface, enabling unprecedented discovery power by combining high spatial resolution from optical interferometry with deep sensitivity from the stability of the lunar surface. Following landing, the CLPS-provided rover will deploy the pre-loaded MoonLITE outboard optical telescope 100 meters from the lander’s inboard telescope, establishing a two-element interferometric observatory with a single deployment. MoonLITE will observe targets as faint as 17th magnitude in the visible, exceeding ground-based interferometric sensitivity by many magnitudes, and surpassing space-based optical systems resolution by a factor of 50×. The capabilities of MoonLITE open a unique discovery space that includes direct size measurements of the smallest, coolest stars and substellar brown dwarfs; searches for close-in stellar companions orbiting exoplanet-hosting stars that could confound our understanding and characterization of the frequency of Earth-like planets; direct size measurements of young stellar objects and characterization of the terrestrial planet-forming regions of these young stars; measurements of the inner regions and binary fraction of active galactic nuclei; and a probe of the very nature of spacetime foam itself. A portion of the observing time will also be made available to the broader community via a guest observer program. MoonLITE takes advantage of the CLPS opportunity to place an interferometer in space on a stable platform – the lunar surface – and delivers an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution at the remarkably affordable cost point of Pioneers.

Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

The Japan-United States Infrared Interferometry Experiment (JUStIInE): balloon-borne pathfinder for a space-based far-IR interferometer

David Leisawitz, Taro Matsuo, Gregory Mosby, Peter Ade, Rachel Akeson, Dale Fixsen, Qian Gong, Hidehiro Kaneda, Stephen Maher, Lee Mundy, Shunsuke Ota, Gioia Rau, Elmer Sharp, Toru Shimokawa, Johannes Staguhn, Carole Tucker, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 12190, 121901G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629426

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Stars, Interferometers, Telescopes, Sensors, Visibility, Spatial resolution, Optical filters, Mirrors, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Automation upgrades at the navy precision optical interferometer

Anders Jorgensen, Khristian Jones, David Noble, James Clark, Henrique Schmitt, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121830O (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630129

KEYWORDS: Switches, Control systems, Safety, Precision optics, Interferometers, Analog electronics, Computer programming, Stepper motor drivers, Logic, Power supplies

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: large-aperture observations and infrastructure improvements

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, Henrique Schmitt, David Noble, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Merrick DeWitt, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Jordan Stone, Thomas Coleman, Ben Hardesty, Wyatt Clark, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Erin Maier, Solvay Blomquist, Nicholas Green, Peter Kurtz

Proceedings Volume 12183, 1218304 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630572

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Observatories, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Control systems, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Paper

Paper

Sub-milliarcsecond astronomical imaging: advancing space-based astronomical optical interferometry observatories with Optimast

Gerard van Belle, Daniel Hillsberry, Jessica Piness, Justin Kugler

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121831D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630597

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Interferometry, Space operations, Observatories, Astronomy, Stars, Additive manufacturing, Spatial resolution, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

How much Is enough? Using the NPOI archive to characterize stellar diameter measurements

Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, J. Thomas Armstrong, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121832B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630163

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometers, Data archive systems, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: two years of development towards large-aperture observations

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Henrique Schmitt, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, Teznie Pugh, Wyatt Clark, Nicholas Green, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Peter Kurtz, Adam Schilperoort

Proceedings Volume 11446, 1144608 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562806

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Cameras, Image processing, Interferometry, Image restoration, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Poster + Presentation + Paper

The optomechanical design of the Quad-camera Wavefront-sensing Six-channel Speckle Interferometer (QWSSI)

Catherine Clark, Gerard van Belle, Elliott Horch, David Trilling, Zachary Hartman, Michael Collins, Kaspar von Braun, Jeff Gehring

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563055

KEYWORDS: Speckle, Interferometers, Optomechanical design, Speckle imaging, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Photons, Sensors, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Paper

Paper

Optimast structurally connected interferometry enabled by in-space robotic manufacturing and assembly

Gerard van Belle, Dan Hillsberry, John Kloske, Justin Kugler, Simon Patané, Noah Paul-Gin, Jessica Piness, Daniel Riley, Jack Schomer, Mike Snyder, Thorin Tobiassen

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563084

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Manufacturing, Robotics, Spatial resolution, Interferometers, Asteroids, Astrophysics, Space observatories, Additive manufacturing, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Planet formation imager: project update

John Monnier, Michael Ireland, Stefan Kraus, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Amy Bonsor, Fabien Baron, Amelia Bayo, Jean-Philippe Berger, Tabetha Boyajian, Andrea Chiavassa, David Ciardi, Michelle Creech-Eakman, Willem-Jan de Wit, Denis Defrère, Ruobing Dong, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Alexandre Gallenne, Poshak Gandhi, Jean-Francois Gonzalez, Chris Haniff, Sebastian Hoenig, John Ilee, Andrea Isella, Eric Jensen, Attila Juhasz, Stephen Kane, Makoto Kishimoto, Wilhelm Kley, Quentin Kral, Kaitlin Kratter, Lucas Labadie, Sylvestre Lacour, Greg Laughlin, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Ernest Michael, Farzana Meru, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Florentin Millour, Stefano Minardi, Alessandro Morbidelli, Chris Mordasini, Andreas Morlok, Dave Mozurkewich, Richard Nelson, Johan Olofsson, Rene Oudmaijer, Chris Packham, Claudia Paladini, Olja Panic, Romain Petrov, Benjamin Pope, Joerg-Uwe Pott, Luis Henry Quiroga-Nunez, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Sean Raymond, Zsolt Regaly, Mark Reynolds, Stephen Ridgway, Stephen Rinehart, Matthias Schreiber, Michael Smith, Keivan Stassun, Jean Surdej, Theo ten Brummelaar, Konrad Tristram, Neal Turner, Peter Tuthill, Gerard van Belle, Gautum Vasisht, Alexander Wallace, Gerd Weigelt, Edward Wishnow, Markus Wittkowski, Sebastian Wolf, John Young, Ming Zhao, Zhaohuan Zhu, Sebastian Zúñiga-Fernández

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070118 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312683

KEYWORDS: Planets, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, Stars, Mid-IR, Interferometry, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometers, Heterodyning

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

An infrared beam combiner for wavelength bootstrapping at the NPOI

J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, Ellyn Baines, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107010B (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312284

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Observatories, Interferometers, Analytical research, Near infrared, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Many interesting things are afoot at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

G. van Belle, J. Armstrong, J. Benson, E. Baines, R. Bevilacqua, T. Buschmann, J. Clark, W. DeGroff, J. Hall, R. Hindsley, A. Jorgensen, A. Lindgren, D. Mozurkewich, M. Muterspaugh, S. Pooler, S. Restaino, H. Schmitt, P. Shankland, R. Zavala

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070105 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314204

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Mirrors, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Observatories, Avalanche photodetectors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Two-color speckle imaging of M-dwarfs with the Discovery Channel telescope

Frederick Hahne, Elliott Horch, Gerard van Belle, Catherine Clark, Jennifer Winters, Todd Henry

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314024

KEYWORDS: Stars, Speckle imaging, Telescopes, Speckle, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, James Webb Space Telescope, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2016 Paper

Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: an update

J. Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Robert Zavala, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990702 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235077

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Stars, Control systems, Telescopes, Observatories, Mirrors, Electronics, Interferometry, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Planet Formation Imager (PFI): science vision and key requirements

Stefan Kraus, John Monnier, Michael Ireland, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Sebastian Hönig, Attila Juhasz, Chris Mordasini, Johan Olofsson, Claudia Paladini, Keivan Stassun, Neal Turner, Gautam Vasisht, Tim Harries, Matthew Bate, Jean-François Gonzalez, Alexis Matter, Zhaohuan Zhu, Olja Panic, Zsolt Regaly, Alessandro Morbidelli, Farzana Meru, Sebastian Wolf, John Ilee, Jean-Philippe Berger, Ming Zhao, Quentin Kral, Andreas Morlok, Amy Bonsor, David Ciardi, Stephen Kane, Kaitlin Kratter, Greg Laughlin, Joshua Pepper, Sean Raymond, Lucas Labadie, Richard Nelson, Gerd Weigelt, Theo ten Brummelaar, Arnaud Pierens, Rene Oudmaijer, Wilhelm Kley, Benjamin Pope, Eric L. Jensen, Amelia Bayo, Michael Smith, Tabetha Boyajian, Luis Henry Quiroga-Nuñez, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Andrea Chiavassa, Alexandre Gallenne, Mark Reynolds, Willem-Jan de Wit, Markus Wittkowski, Florentin Millour, Poshak Gandhi, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Almudena Alonso Herrero, Chris Packham, Makoto Kishimoto, Konrad R. Tristram, Jörg-Uwe Pott, Jean Surdej, David Buscher, Chris Haniff, Sylvestre Lacour, Romain Petrov, Steve Ridgway, Peter Tuthill, Gerard van Belle, Phil Armitage, Clement Baruteau, Myriam Benisty, Bertram Bitsch, Sijme-Jan Paardekooper, Christophe Pinte, Frederic Masset, Giovanni Rosotti

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231067

KEYWORDS: Planets, Imaging systems, Exoplanets, Planetary systems, Astrophysics, Stars, Astronomy, Theoretical astronomy, Observatories, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

An overview of the mid-infrared spectro-interferometer MATISSE: science, concept, and current status

A. Matter, B. Lopez, P. Antonelli, M. Lehmitz, F. Bettonvil, U. Beckmann, S. Lagarde, W. Jaffe, R. Petrov, P. Berio, F. Millour, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Glindemann, P. Bristow, M. Schoeller, T. Lanz, T. Henning, G. Weigelt, M. Heininger, S. Morel, P. Cruzalebes, K. Meisenheimer, R. Hofferbert, S. Wolf, Y. Bresson, T. Agocs, F. Allouche, J.-C. Augereau, G. Avila, C. Bailet, J. Behrend, G. van Belle, J.-P. Berger, R. van Boekel, P. Bourget, R. Brast, J.-M. Clausse, C. Connot, R. Conzelmann, G. Csepany, W. Danchi, M. Delbo, C. Dominik, A. van Duin, E. Elswijk, Y. Fantei, G. Finger, A. Gabasch, F. Gonté, U. Graser, F. Guitton, S. Guniat, M. De Haan, P. Haguenauer, H. Hanenburg, K.-H. Hofmann, M. Hogerheijde, R. ter Horst, J. Hron, C Hummel, J. Isderda, D. Ives, G. Jakob, A. Jasko, P. Jolley, S. Kiraly, J. Kragt, T. Kroener, G. Kroes, S. Kuindersma, L. Labadie, W. Laun, C. Leinert, J.-L. Lizon, C. Lucuix, A. Marcotto, F. Martinache, G. Martinot-Lagarde, N. Mauclert, L. Mehrgan, A. Meilland, M. Mellein, S. Menardi, A. Merand, U. Neumann, E. Nussbaum, S. Ottogalli, R. Palsa, J. Panduro, E. Pantin, I. Percheron, T. Phan Duc, J.-U. Pott, E. Pozna, R. Roelfsema, G. Rupprecht, D. Schertl, C. Schmidt, M. Schuil, A. Spang, J. Stegmeier, N. Tromp, F. Vakili, M. Vannier, K. Wagner, L. Venema, J. Woillez

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99070A (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233052

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Interferometry, Telescopes, Signal detection, Sensors, Stars, Spectral resolution, Fourier transforms, L band, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Multi-baseline chain bootstrapping with new classic at the NPOI

A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, J. T. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99072C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2234389

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Precision optics, Visibility, Spectrographs, Stars, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Spatial frequencies, Analytical research, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Status of the Planet Formation Imager (PFI) concept

Michael Ireland, John Monnier, Stefan Kraus, Andrea Isella, Stefano Minardi, Romain Petrov, Theo ten Brummelaar, John Young, Gautam Vasisht, David Mozurkewich, Stephen Rinehart, Ernest Michael, Gerard van Belle, Julien Woillez

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233926

KEYWORDS: Planets, Imaging systems, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Heterodyning, Optical instrument design, Space telescopes, Stars, Optical spheres, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Monitoring a decade of seeing at the NPOI site with quad cell measurements

Henrique Schmitt, J. Thomas Armstrong, Sergio Restaino, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233088

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric turbulence, Telescopes, Stars, Atmospheric optics, Observatories, Precision optics, Interferometers, Fourier transforms, Optical tracking

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

The new classic instrument for the navy precision optical interferometer

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, D. Mozurkewich, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990725 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232682

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Computing systems, Electronics, Human-machine interfaces, Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Ultraviolet radiation, Stars, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Progress toward unprecedented imaging of stellar surfaces with the Navy precision optical interferometer

A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Hutter, J. Clark, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, K. Newman, M. Landavazo, B. Sun, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460A (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055789

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Stars, Telescopes, Interferometers, Data acquisition, Image resolution, Signal to noise ratio, Spectrographs, Precision optics, Imaging arrays

Read Abstract +

We present progress on the stellar surface imaging project recently funded by the U. S. National Science Foun- dation. With the unique layout of the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in combination with data acquisition and fringe-tracking upgrades we expect to be able to substantially exceed the imaging fidelity and resolution of any other interferometer in operation. The project combines several existing advances and infras- tructure at NPOI with modest enhancements. For optimal imaging there are several requirements that should be fulfilled. The observatory should be capable of measuring visibilities on a wide range of baseline lengths and orientations, providing complete Fourier (UV) coverage in a short period of time. It should measure visibility amplitudes with good SNR on all baselines as critical imaging information is often contained in low-amplitude visibilities. It should measure the visibility phase on all baselines. The technologies which can achieve this are the NPOI Y-shaped array with (nearly) equal spacing between telescopes and an ability for rapid configuration. Placing 6-telescopes in a row makes it possible to measure visibilities into the 4th lobe of the visibility function. By arranging the 12 available telescopes carefully we can switch, every few days, between 6 different 6-station chains which provide symmetric coverage in the Fourier plane without moving any telescopes, only by moving beam relay mirrors. The 6-station chains are important to achieve the highest imaging resolution, and switching rapidly between station chains provides uniform coverage. Coherent integration techniques can be used to obtain good SNR on very small visibilities. Coherently integrated visibilities can be used for imaging with standard radio imaging packages such as AIPS. The commissioning of one additional station, the use of new data acqui- sition hardware and fringe tracking algorithms are the enhancements which are making this project a reality. The New Classic data acquisition system, based on a powerful Stratix FPGA and fast Direct Memory Access module, upgrades the existing Classic beam combiner to allow for continuous data recording across all baselines available with 6 telescopes. It also provides the computing power and software environment necessary for im- plementing the 6-station, 5-baseline fringe-tracking algorithms. In separate papers we discuss the New Classic data acquisition system and the fringe-tracking algorithms in greater detail. In this paper we will focus on an overview of the project. We will describe the observation planning, logistics of the observations, and discuss the current status of the project including preliminary results and simulations of expected future results.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Interferometer evolution: imaging terras after building 'little' experiments (INEVITABLE)

S. Rinehart, K. Carpenter, G. van Belle, S. Unwin

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914617 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056611

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Spatial resolution, Planets, Exoplanets, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Interferometry, Stars, Clouds, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

The science case for the Planet Formation Imager (PFI)

Stefan Kraus, John Monnier, Tim Harries, Ruobing Dong, Matthew Bate, Barbara Whitney, Zhaohuan Zhu, David Buscher, Jean-Philippe Berger, Chris Haniff, Mike Ireland, Lucas Labadie, Sylvestre Lacour, Romain Petrov, Steve Ridgway, Jean Surdej, Theo ten Brummelaar, Peter Tuthill, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914611 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055544

KEYWORDS: Planets, Stars, Planetary systems, Mid-IR, Interferometry, Exoplanets, Computer simulations, Imaging systems, Radiative transfer, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

6-station, 5-baseline fringe tracking with the new classic data acquisition system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

M. Landavazo, A. Jorgensen, B. Sun, K. Newman, David Mozurkewich, G. van Belle, Donald Hutter, H. Schmitt, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914621 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057278

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Data acquisition, Interferometers, Precision optics, Spectrographs, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical tracking, Image resolution, Imaging systems, Stars

Read Abstract +

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) has a station layout which makes it uniquely suited for imaging. Stellar surface imaging requires a variety of baseline lengths and in particular long baselines with resolution much smaller than the diameter of the target star. Because the fringe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is generally low on such long baselines, fringe-tracking cannot be carried out on those baselines directly. Instead, baseline bootstrapping must be employed in which the long baseline is composed of a number of connected shorter baselines. When fringes are tracked on all the shorter baselines fringes are also present on the long baseline. For compact sources, such as stellar disks, the shorter baselines generally have higher SNR and making them short enough that the source is unresolved by them is ideal. Thus, the resolution, or number of pixels across a stellar disk, is roughly equal to the ratio of the length of the long baseline to the length of the short baselines. The more bootstrapped baselines, the better the images produced. If there is also a wide wavelength coverage, wavelength bootstrapping can also be used under some circumstances to increase the resolution further. The NPOI is unique in that it allows 6-station, 5-baseline bootstrapping, the most of any currently operating interferometer. Furthermore, the NPOI Classic beam combiner has wavelength coverage from 450 nm to 850 nm. However, until now, this capability has not been fully exploited. The stellar surface imaging project which was recently funded by the National Science Foundation is exploiting this capability. The New Classic data acquisition system, reported separately, is the hardware which delivers the data to the fringe-tracking algorithm. In this paper we report on the development of the fringe-tracking capability with the New Classic data acquisition system. We discuss the design of the fringe tracking algorithm and present performance results from simulations and on sky observation.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

MATISSE status report and science forecast

B. Lopez, S. Lagarde, W. Jaffe, R. Petrov, M. Schöller, P. Antonelli, U. Beckman, Ph. Bério, F. Bettonvil, U. Graser, F. Millour, S. Robbe-Dubois, L. Venema, S. Wolf, P. Bristow, A. Glindemann, J.-C. Gonzalez, Th. Lanz, T. Henning, G. Weigelt, T. Agócs, J.-C. Augereau, G. Ávila, C. Bailet, J. Behrend, J.-P. Berger, Roy von Boekel, S. Bonhomme, P. Bourget, R. Brast, Y. Bresson, J. Clausse, O. Chesneau, G. Csépány, C. Connot, A. Crida, W. Danchi, M. Delbo , F. Delplancke, C. Dominik, M. Dugué, E. Elswijk, Y. Fanteï, G. Finger, A. Gabasch, P. Girard, V. Girault, P. Gitton, A. Glazenborg, F. Gonté, F. Guitton, S. Guniat, M. De Haan, P. Haguenauer, H. Hanenburg, M. Heininger, K.-H. Hofmann, M. Hogerheijde, R. ter Horst, J. Hron, Y. Hughes, D. Ives, G. Jakob, A. Jaskó, P. Jolley, J. Kragt, R. Köhler, T. Kroener, G. Kroes, L. Labadie, W. Laun, M. Lehmitz, Ch. Leinert, J. Lizon, Ch. Lucuix, A. Marcotto, F. Martinache, A. Matter, G. Martinot-Lagarde, N. Mauclert, L. Mehrgan, A. Meilland, M. Mellein, S. Ménardi, J. Menut, K. Meisenheimer, S. Morel, L. Mosoni, R. Navarro, U. Neumann, E. Nussbaum, S. Ottogalli, R. Palsa, J. Panduro, E. Pantin, I. Percheron, T. Phan Duc, J.-U. Pott, Eszter Pozna, F. Przygodda, A. Richichi, F. Rigal, G. Rupprecht, D. Schertl, J. Stegmeier, L. Thiam, N. Tromp, M. Vannier, F. Vakili, G. van Belle, K. Wagner, J. Woillez

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056419

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Sensors, Mid-IR, Stars, Telescopes, Visibility, Planets, Spectral resolution, Photometry, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Planet formation imager (PFI): introduction and technical considerations

John Monnier, Stefan Kraus, David Buscher, J.-P. Berger, Christopher Haniff, Michael Ireland, Lucas Labadie, Sylvestre Lacour, Herve Le Coroller, Romain Petrov, Jörg-Uwe Pott, Stephen Ridgway, Jean Surdej, Theo ten Brummelaar, Peter Tuthill, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914610 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057262

KEYWORDS: Planets, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Spatial resolution, Interferometry, Mid-IR, Interferometers, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

The new classic data acquisition system for NPOI

B. Sun, A. Jorgensen, M. Landavazo, D. Hutter, G. van Belle, David Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914620 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057013

KEYWORDS: Data acquisition, Field programmable gate arrays, Photons, Imaging systems, Spectrographs, Computing systems, Observatories, Clocks, Detection and tracking algorithms, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Design and implementation of the NPOI database and website

K. Newman, A. Jorgensen, M. Landavazo, B. Sun, D. Hutter, J. Armstrong, David Mozurkewich, N. Elias, G. van Belle, H. Schmitt, E. Baines

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914630 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057186

KEYWORDS: Databases, Stars, Interfaces, Precision optics, Interferometers, Binary data, Observatories, Analytical research, Astronomical imaging, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Perspective of imaging in the mid-infrared at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

B. Lopez, S. Lagarde, P. Antonelli, W. Jaffe, R. Petrov, L. Venema, Sylvie Robbe-Dubois, F. Bettonvil, P. Berio, R. Navarro, U. Graser, U. Beckman, G. Weigelt, F. Vakili, T. Henning, J.-C. Gonzales, S. Wolf, C. Bailet, J. Behrend, Y. Bresson, O. Chesneau, J. Clausse, C. Connot, M. Dugué, Y. Fantei, E. Elswijk, H. Hanenburg, K. Hofmann, M. Heininger, R. ter Horst, J. Hron, J. Kragt, N. Tromp, T. Agocs, G. Kroes, W. Laun, Ch. Leinert, M. Lehmitz, A. Matter, J. Menut, F. Millour, U. Neumann, E. Nussbaum, S. Ottogalli, J.-U. Pott, F. Rigal, A. Roussel, D. Schertl, M. Vannier, K. Wagner, M. Mellein, T. Kroener, N. Mauclert, P. Girard, G. Lagarde, L. Mosoni, A. Jasko, A. Glindemann, T. Phan Duc, G. Finger, D. Ives, G. Jakob, I. Percheron, G. Avila, R. Palsa, Eszter Pozna, J. Lizon, Ch. Lucuix, S. Menardi, P. Haguenauer, P. Gitton, S. Morel, F. Gonté, P. Jolley, G. Rupprecht, P. Bourget, F. Delplancke, L. Mehrgan, J. Stegmeier, G. van Belle, A. Richichi, A. Moorwood

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84450R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926238

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Sensors, Visibility, Mid-IR, L band, Telescopes, Spectral resolution, Image restoration, Interferometers, Photometry

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Simulated imaging with an interferometer on a boom

Henrique Schmitt, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Anders Jorgensen, Ellyn Baines, Sergio Restaino, Robert Hindsley, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452P (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926707

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Asteroids, Interferometers, Interferometry, Stars, Optical fibers, Device simulation, Satellite imaging, Satellites, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Coherent integration in optical interferometry

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Mozurkewich, D. Hutter, J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino, T. Hall

Proceedings Volume 8445, 844519 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925898

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Visibility, Photons, Coherence imaging, Optical interferometry, Phase measurement, Calibration, Interferometers, Telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Status of PRIMA for the VLTI: heading to astrometry

C. Schmid, R. Abuter, A. Merand, J. Sahlmann, J. Alonso, L. Andolfato, G. van Belle, F. Delplancke, F. Dérie, N. Di Lieto, R. Frahm, Ph. Gitton, N. Gomes, P. Haguenauer, B. Justen, S. Lévêque, S. Ménardi, S. Morel, A. Müller, T. Phan Duc, Eszter Pozna, A. Ramirez, N. Schuhler, D. Ségransan

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84450F (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926426

KEYWORDS: Stars, Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Wavelet transforms, Sensors, IRIS Consortium, Mirrors, Observatories, Interferometry, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Paper

First results from fringe tracking with the PRIMA fringe sensor unit

J. Sahlmann, R. Abuter, S. Ménardi, C. Schmid, N. Di Lieto, F. Delplancke, R. Frahm, N. Gomes, P. Haguenauer, S. Lévêque, S. Morel, A. Mueller, T. Phan Duc, N. Schuhler, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773422 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856896

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Phase shifts, Sensors, Phase measurement, Control systems, Observatories, Polarization, Telescopes, Interferometers, Chemical elements

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Status of PRIMA for the VLTI or the quest for user-friendly fringe tracking

C. Schmid, R. Abuter, S. Ménardi, L. Andolfato, F. Delplancke, F. Derie, N. Di Lieto, R. Frahm, Ph. Gitton, N. Gomes, P. Haguenauer, S. Lévêque, S. Morel, A. Müller, T. Phan Duc, Eszter Pozna, J. Sahlmann, N. Schuhler, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77340F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857419

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Calibration, Sensors, Telescopes, Interferometry, Phase measurement, Signal detection, Mirrors, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Paper

The very large telescope Interferometer: 2010 edition

Pierre Haguenauer, Jaime Alonso, Pierre Bourget, Stephane Brillant, Philippe Gitton, Stephane Guisard, Sébastien Poupar, Nicolas Schuhler, Roberto Abuter, Luigi Andolfato, Guillaume Blanchard, Jean-Philippe Berger, Angela Cortes, Frédéric Dérie, Françoise Delplancke, Nicola Di Lieto, Christophe Dupuy, Bruno Gilli, Andreas Glindemann, Serge Guniat, Gerhard Huedepohl, Andreas Kaufer, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Samuel Lévêque, Serge Ménardi, Antoine Mérand, Sebastien Morel, Isabelle Percheron, Than Phan Duc, Andres Pino, Andres Ramirez, Sridharan Rengaswamy, Andrea Richichi, Thomas Rivinius, Johannes Sahlmann, Markus Schoeller, Christian Schmid, Stan Stefl, Guillermo Valdes, Gerard van Belle, Stefan Wehner, Markus Wittkowski

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773404 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857070

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Astatine, Interferometers, Interferometry, Adaptive optics, Large telescopes, Mirrors, Observatories, Statistical analysis, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Paper

First results using PRIMA FSU as a fringe tracker for MIDI

A. Müller, J.-U. Pott, S. Morel, R. Abuter, G. van Belle, R. van Boekel, L. Burtscher, F. Delplancke, Th. Henning, W. Jaffe, Ch. Leinert, B. Lopez, A. Matter, K. Meisenheimer, C. Schmid, K. Tristram, A. Verhoeff

Proceedings Volume 7734, 773420 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857754

KEYWORDS: Stars, Astatine, Calibration, Interferometry, Photometry, K band, Visibility, Planets, Prisms, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Paper

The Very Large Telescope Interferometer: an update

Pierre Haguenauer, Roberto Abuter, Jaime Alonso, Javier Argomedo, Bertrand Bauvir, Guillaume Blanchard, Henri Bonnet, Stéphane Brillant, Michael Cantzler, Frédéric Derie, Françoise Delplancke, Nicola Di Lieto, Christophe Dupuy, Yves Durand, Philippe Gitton, Bruno Gilli, Andreas Glindemann, Serge Guniat, Stéphane Guisard, Nicolas Haddad, Gerhard Hudepohl, Christian Hummel, Nathaniel Jesuran, Andreas Kaufer, Bertrand Koehler, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Samuel Lévêque, Christopher Lidman, Pedro Mardones, Serge Ménardi, Sébastien Morel, Isabelle Percheron, Monika Petr-Gotzens, Than Phan Duc, Florence Puech, Andres Ramirez, Fredrik Rantakyrö, Andrea Richichi, Thomas Rivinius, Johannes Sahlmann, Stefan Sandrock, Markus Schöller, Nicolas Schuhler, Fabio Somboli, Stanislav Stefl, Mario Tapia, Gerard Van Belle, Anders Wallander, Stefan Wehner, Markus Wittkowski

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70130C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788209

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Astatine, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Interferometers, Large telescopes, Interferometry, IRIS Consortium, Sensors, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Results from the VLTI-PRIMA fringe tracking testbed

Johannes Sahlmann, Roberto Abuter, Nicola Di Lieto, Serge Ménardi, Françoise Delplancke, Hendrik Bartko, Frank Eisenhauer, Samuel Lévêque, Oliver Pfuhl, Nicolas Schuhler, Gerard van Belle, Gautam Vasisht

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70131A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.786612

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Metrology, Computing systems, Signal to noise ratio, Atmospheric modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Observatories, Cameras, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

Study of the science capabilities of PRIMA in the Galactic Center

H. Bartko, O. Pfuhl, F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, S. Rabien, R. Abuter, G. v. Belle, F. Delplancke, S. Menardi, J. Sahlmann

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70134K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787319

KEYWORDS: Stars, Infrared imaging, Astatine, Galactic astronomy, Interferometers, General relativity, Near infrared, Interferometry, Distance measurement

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Extragalactic reference targets for PRIMA

Gerard van Belle, Roberto Abuter, Judith Ngoumou, Francoise Delplancke, Johannes Sahlmann

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70133W (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789257

KEYWORDS: Galactic astronomy, Stars, Interferometry, Motion measurement, Interferometers, K band, Imaging systems, Image quality, Observatories, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Imaging the surface of Altair and a MIRC update

John Monnier, M. Zhao, E. Pedretti, N. Thureau, M. Ireland, P. Muirhead, J.-P. Berger, R. Millan-Gabet, G. Van Belle, T. ten Brummelaar, H. McAlister, S. Ridgway, N. Turner, L. Sturmann, J. Sturmann, D. Berger, A. Tannirkulam, J. Blum

Proceedings Volume 7013, 701302 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789754

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Telescopes, Stars, Visibility, Binary data, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Single mode fibers, Interferometers, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Gattini: a multisite campaign for the measurement of sky brightness in Antarctica

Anna Moore, Graham Allen, Eric Aristidi, Michael Ashley, Tim Bedding, Chas Beichman, Runa Briguglio, Maurizio Busso, Maurizio Candidi, David Ciardi, Xiangqun Cui, Giuseppe Cutispoto, Elisa Distefano, Patrick Espy, Jon Everett, Longlong Feng, Jingyao Hu, Zhaoji Jiang, Suzanne Kenyon, Craig Kulesa, Jon Lawrence, Brice Le Roux, Tim Leslie, Yuangshen Li, Daniel Luong-Van, Andre Phillips, Weijian Qin, Roberto Ragazzoni, Reed Riddle, Lucia Sabbatini, Piero Salinari, Will Saunders, Zhaohui Shang, Dennis Stello, John Storey, Bo Sun, Nicolas Suntzeff, Melinda Taylor, Gino Tosti, Nick Tothill, Tony Travouillon, Gerard Van Belle, Kaspar Von Braun, Lifan Wang, Jun Yan, Huigen Yang, Xiangyan Yuan, Zhenxi Zhu, Xu Zhou

Proceedings Volume 7012, 701226 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789783

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical filters, Astronomy, Stars, Domes, Clouds, Astronomical imaging, Observatories, CCD cameras, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Paper

The Antarctic planet interferometer

Mark Swain, Christopher Walker, Wesley Traub, John Storey, Vincent Coude du Foresto, Eric Fossat, Farrokh Vakili, Anthony Stark, James Lloyd, Peter Lawson, Adam Burrows, Michael Ireland, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Gerard van Belle, Benjamin Lane, Gautam Vasisht, Tony Travouillon

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552221

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Planets, Exoplanets, Infrared radiation, Stars, Interferometry, Telescopes, Surface conduction electron emitter displays, Domes, Infrared detectors

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Keck Interferometer autoaligner: algorithms and techniques

Michael Hrynevych, Kevin Tsubota, Robert Smythe, Wayne Dahl, James Bell, M. Colavita, John Gathright, Forrest Meggars, Christopher Neyman, Andy Rudeen, Gerard van Belle, Peter Wizinowich

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552417

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Interferometers, Light emitting diodes, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Sensors, Control systems, Cameras, Keck Observatory

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Outrigger telescopes for narrow-angle astrometry

James Bell, James Walker, Peter Wizinowich, Kevin Tsubota, Andy Rudeen, Dennis McBride, Kyle Kinoshita, Michael Hrynevych, Patricia Goude, M. Mark Colavita, James Kelley, Gerard van Belle, Robert Brunswick, John Little, Craig Smith

Proceedings Volume 5489, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552403

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Domes, Camera shutters, Interferometers, Stars, Optical instrument design, Astronomical telescopes, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2004 Paper

Paper

The scaling relationship between telescope cost and aperture size for very large telescopes

Gerard van Belle, Aden Meinel, Marjorie Meinel

Proceedings Volume 5489, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552181

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Global system for mobile communications, Large telescopes, Observatories, Optical instrument design, Optical telescopes, Space operations, James Webb Space Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Results from the PTI's studies of the spectral angular diameters of Mira variables

Robert Thompson, Michelle Creech-Eakman, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459126

KEYWORDS: Stars, K band, Opacity, Oxygen, Carbon, Visibility, Visualization, Atmospheric chemistry, Atmospheric physics, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Keck Interferometer autoaligner

Gerard van Belle, M. Mark Colavita, Edgar Ligon, James Moore, Dean Palmer, Leonard Reder, Robert Smythe

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459325

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Telescopes, Light emitting diodes, Mirrors, Actuators, Optical alignment, Optical components, CCD cameras, Cameras, Automatic alignment

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Palomar testbed interferometer status report

Benjamin Lane, M. Konacki, Robert Thompson, Gerard van Belle, M. Mark Colavita, Andrew Boden

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456770

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometers, Interferometry, K band, Sensors, Visualization, Spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Calibration, Opacity

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Infrared interferometric observations of T Tauri stars

Rachel Akeson, David Ciardi, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457016

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Visibility, Stars, Interferometry, Calibration, Interferometers, K band, Surface conduction electron emitter displays, Photometry, Infrared imaging

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Astrometry with the Keck Interferometer

Gerard van Belle, Andrew Boden, M. Mark Colavita, Michael Shao, Gautam Vasisht, J. Kent Wallace

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317098

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometers, Planets, Telescopes, Planetary systems, Signal to noise ratio, Uranus, Space telescopes, Laser stabilization, Laser cutting

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Palomar Testbed Interferometer

J. Kent Wallace, Andrew Boden, M. Mark Colavita, Philip Dumont, Yekta Gursel, Braden Hines, Christopher Koresko, Shrinivas Kulkarni, Benjamin Lane, Fabien Malbet, Dean Palmer, Xiaopei Pan, Michael Shao, Gautam Vasisht, Gerard van Belle, Jeffrey Yu

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317154

KEYWORDS: Stars, Mirrors, Interferometers, Telescopes, Beam splitters, Spectroscopy, Calibration, Infrared radiation, Laser metrology, Optical fibers

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Keck Interferometer

M. Mark Colavita, Andrew Boden, Samuel Crawford, Aden Meinel, Michael Shao, Paul Swanson, Gerard van Belle, Gautam Vasisht, James Walker, J. Kent Wallace, Peter Wizinowich

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317145

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometers, Telescopes, Planets, Mirrors, Nulling interferometry, Space telescopes, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Infrared radiation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Aperture synthesis imaging with the Keck Interferometer

Gautam Vasisht, Andrew Boden, M. Mark Colavita, Samuel Crawford, Michael Shao, Paul Swanson, Gerard van Belle, J. Kent Wallace, James Walker, Peter Wizinowich

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317097

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Synthetic apertures, Astronomy, Interferometry, Atmospheric optics, Spatial resolution

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Visibility calibrations with the Palomar Testbed Interferometer

Andrew Boden, M. Mark Colavita, Gerard van Belle, Michael Shao

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317155

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Visibility, Stars, Interferometers, Data modeling, Visualization, Spectroscopy, Information technology, K band, Computing systems

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Showing 5 of 59 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging IX

17 June 2024 | Yokohama, Japan

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