Dr. Martin E. Caldwell Profile

Dr. Martin E. Caldwell

Instrument Systems Engineer at STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (36)

Proceedings Article | 26 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Specifications and tolerancing for ARIEL’s aluminium primary mirror with mid-spatial-frequency errors

José Araiza-Durán, Anna Brucalassi, Andrea Tozzi, Enzo Pascale, Andrew Caldwell, Martin Caldwell, Dervis Vernani, Emanuele Pace, Antonio Scippa, Elisa Guerriero, Debora Ferruzzi, Paola Zuppella, Riccardo Lilli, Davide Bruzzi, Marina Vela Nuñez, Raffaele Piazzolla, Mario Salatti, Giampaolo Preti, Gianluca Morgante, Leonardo Tommasi

Proceedings Volume 13100, 131003L (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019251

KEYWORDS: Tolerancing, Telescopes, Aluminum mirrors, Manufacturing, Mirrors, Point spread functions, Optical alignment, Wavefront errors, Zemax

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Planning the integration and test of a space telescope with a 1 m aluminum primary mirror: the Ariel mission case

Paolo Chioetto, José Antonio Araiza-Durán, Umberto Barozzi, Lorenzo Barubiani, Georgia Bishop, Andrea Bocchieri, Daniele Brienza, Anna Brucalassi, Matteo Burresi, Andrew Caldwell, Martin Caldwell, Fausto Cortecchia, Fabio D'Anca, Lucile Desjonqueres, Marco Di Giampietro, Emiliano Diolaiti, Paul Eccleston, Alejandro Fernández-Soler, Debora Ferruzzi, Enrico Fossati, Camille Galy, Andrés Garcia Pérez, Gabriele Grisoni, Daniele Gottini, Elisa Guerriero, Marie-Laure Hellin, Lionel Jacques, Riccardo Lilli, Lorenzo Maddii Fabiani, Giuseppe Malaguti, Giuseppina Micela, Federico Miceli, Emanuele Pace, Enzo Pascale, Andrea Paternoster, Javier Pérez Álvarez, Raffaele Piazzolla, Paolo Picchi, Carlo Pompei, Giampaolo Preti, Stéphane Roose, Mario Salatti, Antonio Scippa, Giovanna Tinetti, Elisabetta Tommasi, Leonardo Tommasi, Andrea Tozzi, Dervis Vernani, Ines Ypi, Paola Zuppella

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130924U (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018650

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Optical alignment, Manufacturing, Design, Aluminum mirrors, Optical benches, Aluminum, Temperature metrology, Space mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The Ariel payload design post-PDR

Paul Eccleston, Andrew Caldwell, Georgia Bishop, Lucile Desjonqueres, Rachel Drummond, Alex Davidson, Martin Whalley, Martin Caldwell, Chris Pearson, Caroline Simpson, Sandy Fok, Davide Bruzzi, Alex Davies, Mark Anderson, Pranav Umesh, Enzo Pascale, Gianluca Morgante, Mauro Focardi, Giorgio Savini, Marc Ollivier, Miroslaw Rataj, Giuseppe Malaguti, Giovanna Tinetti, Andrea Tozzi, Paolo Chioetto, Emanuele Pace, Paola Zuppella, Giampaolo Preti, Christophe Serre, Jose Gomez, Gustavo Alonso, Javier Perez, Neil Bowles, Keith Nowicki, Jérôme Martignac, Michel Berthé, Pascale Danto, Martin Crook, Matthew Hills, Charles Padley, Semu Makinen, Zsolt Kovacs, Janos Szoke, Peter Szirovicza, Mateusz Sobiecki, Konrad Skup, Piotr Wawer, Roland Ottensamer, Warren Holmes, Renaud Goullioud, Markus Czupalla, Niels Christian Jessen, Soren Pedersen, Tom Ray, Deirdre Coffey, Lukas Steiger, Carlos Compostizo, Ricardo Machado, Andrea Bocchieri, Lorenzo Mugnai, Stephan Birkmann, Salma Fahmy, Ludovic Puig, Delphine Jollet, Anders Svedevall, Thierry Tirolien, Jean-Christophe Salvignol, Jean-Philippe Halain

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130921B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019713

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Design, Equipment, Space operations, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Interfaces, Infrared spectroscopy, Aluminum, Optical benches

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The Ariel space mission will characterize spectroscopically the atmospheres of a large and diverse sample of hundreds of exoplanets. Through the study of targets with a wide range of planetary parameters (mass, density, equilibrium temperature) and host star types the origin for the diversity observed in known exoplanets will be better understood. Ariel is an ESA Medium class science mission (M4) with a spacecraft bus developed by industry under contract to ESA, and a Payload provided by a consortium of national funding agencies in ESA member states, plus contributions from NASA, the CSA and JAXA. The payload is based on a 1-meter class telescope operated at below 60K, built all in Aluminium, which feeds two science instruments. A multi-channel photometer and low-resolution spectrometer instrument (the FGS, Fine Guidance System instrument) operating from 0.5 – 1.95 microns in wavelength provides both guidance information for stabilizing the spacecraft pointing as well as vital scientific information from spectroscopy in the near-infrared and photometry in the visible channels. The Ariel InfraRed Spectrometer (AIRS) instrument provides medium resolution spectroscopy from 1.95 – 7.8 microns wavelength coverage over two instrument channels. Supporting subsystems provide the necessary mechanical, thermal and electronics support to the cryogenic payload. This paper presents the overall picture of the payload for the Ariel mission. The payload tightly integrates the design and analysis of the various payload elements (including for example the integrated STOP analysis of the Telescope and Common Optics) in order to allow the exacting photometric stability requirements for the mission to be met. The Ariel payload has passed through the Preliminary Design Review (completed in Q2 2023) and is now developing and building prototype models of the Telescope, Instruments and Subsystems (details of which will be provided in other contributions to this conference). This paper will present the current status of the development work and outline the future plans to complete the build and verification of the integrated payload.

Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

AIRS: ARIEL IR spectrometer development status

Jérôme Martignac, Jerome Amiaux, Thomas Capocci, Clara Bataillon, Marion Baumann, Michel Berthé, Christophe Cara, Cyrille Delisle, Achrène Direk, Luc Dumaye, Jean Fontignie, Benoît Horeau, Norma Hurtado, Duc-Dat Huynh, Grégory Kaszubiak, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Isabelle Le Mer, Nathan Leguay, Michel Lortholary, Vincent Moreau, Patrick Mulet, Thibault Pichon, Léna Provost, Bastien Reboul, Diana Renaud, Michel Talvard, Thierry Tourrette, François Visticot, Axel Arhancet, Damien Bachet, Nicolas Berton, Christophe Cossou, Yannick Drouen, Mickaël Lacroix, Lexane Picault, Hervé Le Provost, Virgile Meyer, Nicolas Solenne, Olivier Tellier, Antoine Arondel, Bruno Crane, Jean-Pierre Dubois, Clémence de Jabrun, François Langlet, Dylan Le Claire, Benoît Lecomte, Antoine Maillot, Gilles Morinaud, Marc Ollivier, Anne Philippon, Catherine Tamiatto, Stéphane Tosti, Xueyan Zhang, Vincent Lapeyrere, Marion Bonafous, Jérôme Parisot, Eitan Pechevis, Jean-Michel Reess, Didier Zegadanin, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Virginie Batista, Pierre Drossart, Salma Fahmy, Delphine Jollet, Ludovic Puig, Thierry Tirolien, Jean-Christophe Salvignol, Elisa Baldit, Pascale Danto, Gilles Hervet, Yann Le Huedet, Océane Maisonnave, Paul Eccleston, Rachel Drummond, Georgia Bishop, Davide Bruzzi, Andrew Caldwell, Martin Caldwell, Lucile Desjonqueres, Martin Whalley, Enzo Pascale, Gianluca Morgante, Mauro Focardi, Emanuele Pace, Anna Maria Di Giorgio, Sebastiano Ligori, Adrien Défossé, Mallaury Guerrier

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130921D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019926

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Equipment, Interfaces, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Thermography, Optical benches, Control systems, Windows, Infrared spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

ARIEL payload STOP analysis: a view on the in-flight operational cases for the telescope assembly

A. Brucalassi, J. Araiza-Durán, A. Tozzi, C. Galy, A. Perez, A. Caldwell, G. Morgante, D. Bruzzi, M. Caldwell, P. Chioetto, P. Eccleston, A. Fernandez Soler, D. Ferruzzi, D. Gottini, R. Lilli, G. Micela, E. Pace, E. Pascale, J. Perez Alvarez, R. Piazzolla, P. Picchi, G. Preti, M. Salatti, A. Scippa, G. Tinetti, P. Zuppella

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130924L (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019257

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Finite element methods, Solid modeling, Performance modeling, Mirrors, Thermoelasticity, Zemax, Infrared spectroscopy, Deformation

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

HARMONI at ELT: project status and instrument overview

Niranjan Thatte, Dave Melotte, Benoit Neichel, David Le Mignant, Phil Rees, Fraser Clarke, Vanessa Ferraro-Wood, Oscar Gonzalez, Maia Jones, Alonso Álvarez Urueña, Heribert Argelaguet Vilaseca, Santiago Arribas Mocoroa, José Antonio Caballero, Gonzalo José Carracedo Carballal, Alberto Estrada Piqueras, Irene Ferro, Miriam García García, Isabella Lamperti, Miguel Pereira Santaella, Michele Perna, Javier Piqueras Lopez, Nicolas Bouché, Didier Boudon, Eric Daguise, Nicola Domenis, Jérémy Fensch, Olivier Olivier Flasseur, Rémi Giroud, Matthieu Guibert, Aurelien Jarno, Alexandre Jeanneau, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Maud Langlois, Florence Laurent, Magali Loupias, Jean-Emmanuel Migniau, Dieu Nguyen, Laure Piqueras, Alban Remillieux, Johan Richard, Arlette Pecontal, Lisa Bardou, David Barr, Sylvain Cetre, Sofia Dimoudi, Marc Dubbeldam, Andrew Dunn, Dimitri Gadotti, Joss Guy, David King, Anna McLeod, Simon Morris, Tim Morris, Kieran O'Brien, Emily Ronson, Russell Smith, Lazar Staykov, Mark Swinbank, Matteo Accardo, Domingo Alvarez Mendez, Pablo Alberto Fuerte Rodriguez, Elizabeth George, Derek Ives, Leander Mehrgan, Eric Mueller, Javier Reyes, Ralf Conzelmann, Pablo Gutierrez Cheetham, Angel Alonso Sanchez, Giuseppina Battaglia, Miguel Cagigas, Julio Castro-Almazán, Haresh Chulani, Graciela Delgado-García, Patricia Fernandez Izquierdo, Donaji Esparza-Arredondo, Begoña García-Lorenzo, Alberto Hernández González, Elvio Hernández Suárez, Javier Licandro, Enrique Joven, Roberto López López, Alejandro Antonio Lujan Gonzalez, Yolanda Martín Hernando, Ignacio Martín-Navarro, Evencio Mediavilla, Saúl Menéndez Mendoza, Luz Maria Montoya Martínez, José Peñate Castro, Felipe Murgas, Enric Pallé, Álvaro Pérez, Jose Luis Rasilla, Rafael Rebolo, Horacio Rodríguez, Luis Fernando Rodríguez Ramos, Victor Sánchez Béjar, Tariq Shahbaz, Afrodisio Vega Moreno, Teodora Viera, Mickaël Bonnefoy, Tony Bret, Alexis Carlotti, Jean-Jacques Correia, Stéphane Curaba, Alain Delboulbé, Sylvain Guieu, Adrien Hours, Zoltan Hubert, Laurent Jocou, Yves Magnard, Laurence Michaud, Thibaut Moulin, Fabrice Pancher, Patrick Rabou, Sylvain Rochat, Eric Stadler, Thierry Contini, Marie Larrieu, Sébastien Mamessier, Olivier Boebion, Yan Fantei-Caujolle, Daniel Lecron, Philippe Amram, Patrick Blanchard, William Bon, Anne Bonnefoi, Alexandre Bozier, William Ceria, Zalpha Challita, Yannick Charles, Elodie Choquet, Anne Costille, Audrey Delsanti, Kjetil Dohlen, Franck Ducret, Kacem El Hadi, Benjamin Foulon, Jean-Luc Gimenez, Olivier Groussin, Marc Jaquet, Edgard Renault, Paul Rouquette, Patrice Sanchez, Arthur Vigan, Annie Zavagno, Romain Fétick, Thierry Fusco, Cedric Héritier, Jean-Francois Sauvage, Nicolas Vedrenne, Demet Aksoy, Martin Caldwell, Ann Fitzpatrick, Carl Geddert, Peter Hiscock, Emma Johnson, Murali Nalagatla, Louise Saraff, Joe Shreeves, Matthew Tildesley, Mark Wells, Anastasios Aretos, Lee Barrett, Martin Black, Charlotte Bond, Saskia Brierley, Ian Bryson, Amelia Calderhead, Kenny Campbell, James Carruthers, Lee Chapman, William Cochrane, Rory Gillespie, Joel Harman, Douglas Harvey, Eamonn Harvey, Bethany Johnson, Tom Louth, Mike MacIntosh, Anna MacIver, Chris Miller, David Montgomery, Meenu Murali, John Murray, Norman O'Malley, Ruben Sanchez-Janssen, Noah Schwartz, Patrick Smith, Jonathan Strachan, Stephen Todd, Dawn Wasley, Sandi Wilson, Junyi Zhou, Eric Bell, Oleg Gnedin, Kayhan Gultekin, Mario Mateo, Michael Meyer, Jayne Birkby, Liam Boland, Michele Cappellari, Edgar Castillo Dominguez, David Gooding, Kearn Grisdale, Andrea Hidalgo, James Kariuki, Ian Lewis, Kieran McCall, R. Elliot Meyer, Eduard Muslimov, Adam Lowe, Zeynep Ozer, Sophie Paszynska, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Matthias Tecza, Alec York

Proceedings Volume 13096, 1309614 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018520

KEYWORDS: Equipment, Adaptive optics, Design, Telescopes, Spectrographs, Stars, Signal to noise ratio, Image quality, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

HARMONI at ELT: overview of the capabilities and expected performance of the ELT's first light, adaptive optics assisted integral field spectrograph.

Niranjan Thatte, Dave Melotte, Benoit Neichel, David Le Mignant, Ian Bryson, Fraser Clarke, Vanessa Ferraro-Wood, Thierry Fusco, Oscar Gonzalez, Hermine Schnetler, Matthias Tecza, Sandi Wilson, Alonso Álvarez Urueña, Heribert Vilaseca, Santiago Arribas, Gonzalo José Carracedo Carballale, Alejandro Crespo, Alberto Estrada Piqueras, Miriam García García, Cecilai Martínez Martín, Miguel Pereira Santaella, Michele Perna, Javier Piqueras Lopez, Niolas Bouché, Didier Boudon, Eric Daguise, Karen Disseau, Jérémy Fensch, Adrien Girardot, Matthieu Guibert, Aurélien Jarno, Alexandre Jeanneau, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Florence Laurent, Magali Loupias, Jean-Emmanuel Migniau, Laure Piqueras, Alban Remillieux, Johan Richard, Arlette Pecontal, Lisa Bardou, David Barr, Sylvain Cetre, Rishi Deshmukh, Sofia Dimoudi, Marc Dubbledam, Andrew Dunn, Dimitri Gadotti, Joss Guy, David King, David Little, Anna McLeod, Simon Morris, Tim Morris, Kieran O'Brien, Emily Ronson, Russell Smith, Lazar Staykov, Mark Swinbank, Matthew Townson, Matteo Accardo, Domingo Alvarez Mendez, Elizabeth George, Joshua Hopgood, Derek Ives, Leander Mehrgan, Eric Mueller, Javier Reyes, Ralf Conzelmann, Pablo Gutierrez Cheetham, Ángel Alonso-Sánchez, Giuseppina Battaglia, Miguel Cagigas, Haresh Chulani, Graciela Delgado García, Patricia Fernandez Izquierdo, Ana Belén Fragoso López, Begoña García-Lorenzo, Alberto Hernández González, Elvio Hernandez Suarez, Jose Miguel Herreros Linares, Enrique Joven, Roberto López López, Alejandro Antonio Lujan Gonzalez, Yolanda Martín Hernando, Evencio Mediavilla, Saúl Menéndez Mendoza, Luz Maria Montoya Martínez, José Peñate Castro, Álvaro Pérez, Jose Luis Rasilla, Rafael Rebolo, Luis Fernando Rodríguez Ramos, Afrodisio Vega-Moreno, Teodora Viera, Natacha Zanon Dametto, Alexis Carlotti, Jean-Jacques Correia, Stéphane Curaba, Alain Delboulbe, Sylvain Guieu, Adrien Hours, Zoltan Hubert, Laurent Jocou, Yves Magnard, Thibaut Moulin, Fabrice Pancher, Patrick Rabou, Eric Stadler, Maxime Vérove, Thierry Contini, Marie Larrieu, Olivier Boebion, Yan Fantei-Caujolle, Daniel Lecron, Sylvain Rousseau, Philippe Amram, Olivier Beltramo-Martin, William Bon, Anne Bonnefoi, William Ceria, Zalpha Challita, Yannick Charles, Elodie Choquet, Carlos Correia, Anne Costille, Kjetil Dohlen, Franck Ducret, Kacem El Hadi, Jean-Luc Gach, Jean-Luc Gimenez, Olivier Groussin, Marc Jaquet, Pierre Jouve, Fabrice Madec, Felipe Pedreros, Edgard Renault, Patrice Sanchez, Arthur Vigan, Pascal Vola, Annie Zavago, Romain Fetick, Caroline Lim, Cyril Petit, Jean-Francois Sauvage, Nicolas Védrenne, Fehim Taha Bagci, Martin Caldwell, Ellis Elliott, Peter Hiscock, Emma Johnson, Murali Nalagatla, Aristea Seitis, Mark Wells, Martin Black, Charlotte Bond, Saskia Brierley, Kenny Campbell, Neil Campbell, James Carruthers, William Cochrane, Chris Evans, Joel Harman, William Humphreys, Thomas Louth, Chris Miller, David Montgomery, Meenu Murali, John Murray, Norman O'Malley, Ruben Sanchez-Janssen, Noah Schwartz, Patrick Smith, Jonathan Strachan, Stephen Todd, Stuart Watt, Martyn Wells, Asim Yaqoob, Eric Bell, Oleg Gnedin, Kayhan Gultekin, Mario Mateo, Michael Meyer, Munadi Ahmad, Jayne Birkby, Michael Booth, Michele Cappellari, Edgar Castillo Dominguez, Jorge Chao Ortiz, David Gooding, Kearn Grisdale, Andrea Hidalgo, Laurence Hogan, James Kariuki, Ian Lewis, Adam Lowe, Zeynep Ozer, Laurence Routledge, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Alec York

Proceedings Volume 12184, 1218420 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628834

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Stars, Iterated function systems, Telescopes, Galactic astronomy, Spectrographs, Wavefront sensors, Spatial resolution, Sensors, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Preliminary analysis of ground-to-flight mechanical tolerances of the Ariel mission telescope

Paolo Chioetto, Andrea Tozzi, Anna Brucalassi, Debora Ferruzzi, Andrew Caldwell, Martin Caldwell, Fausto Cortecchia, Emiliano Diolaiti, Paul Eccleston, Elisa Guerriero, Matteo Lombini, Giuseppe Malaguti, Giuseppina Micela, Emanuele Pace, Enzo Pascale, Raffaele Piazzolla, Giampaolo Preti, Mario Salatti, Giovanna Tinetti, Elisabetta Tommasi, Paola Zuppella

Proceedings Volume 12180, 121804R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628900

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Monte Carlo methods, Mirrors, Tolerancing, Point spread functions, Device simulation, Statistical analysis, Optimization (mathematics), Telescope design, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

AIRS: ARIEL IR spectrometer status

Jérôme Martignac, Jérôme Amiaux, Michel Berthé, Christophe Cara, Cyrille Delisles, Achrène Direk, Luc Dumaye, Jean Fontignie, Alain Goestschy, Benoît Horeau, Norma Hurtado, Duc-Dat Huyn, Grégory Kaszubiak, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Isabelle Le Mer, Michel Lortholary, Vincent Moreau, Salima Mouzali, Patrick Mulet, François Nico, Thibault Pichon, Lena Provost, Diana Renaud, Victor Schwartz, Michel Talvard, Thierry Tourrette, François Visticot, Axel Arhancet, Damien Bachet, Nicolas Berton, Mickael Lacroix, Hervé Le Provost, Olivier Tellier, Anne Philippon, Clémence De Jabrun, Jean-Pierre Dubois, François Langlet, Dylan Le Claire, Benoît Lecomte, Marc Ollivier, Stéphane Tosti, Vincent Lapeyrère, Marion Bonafous, Jérôme Parisot, Jean-Michel Reess, Didier Zegadanin, Jean-Philipe Beaulieu, Virginie Batista, Pierre Drossart, Salma Fahmy, Delphine Jollet, Ludovic Puig, Thierry Tirolien, Pascale Danto, Gilles Hervet, Oceane Maisonnave, Paul Eccleston, Georgia Bishop, Rachel Drumond, Andrew Caldwell, Martin Caldwell, Lucile Desjonqueres, Martin Whalley, Enzo Pascale, Gianluca Morgante, Mauro Focardi, Emanuele Pace, Anna Maria Di Giorgio

Proceedings Volume 12180, 1218012 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628920

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Prisms, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Interfaces, Control systems, Optical benches, Electronics, Infrared spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 5 September 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The EarthCARE mission BBR instrument: ground testing of radiometric performance

Martin Caldwell, David Spilling, William Grainger, E. Theocharous, Martin Whalley, Nigel Wright, Anthony Ward, Edward Jones, Joseph Hampton, David Parker, John Delderfield, Alan Pearce, Tony Richards, Grant Munro, Oliver Poynz Wright, Matthew Hampson, David Forster

Proceedings Volume 10402, 1040204 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273148

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Radiometry, Solar radiation, Aerosols, LIDAR, Clouds, Radar, Imaging systems, Sensors, Optical filters

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In the EarthCARE mission the BBR (Broad Band Radiometer) has the role of measuring the net earth radiance (i.e. total reflected-solar and thermally-emitted radiances), from the same earth scene as viewed by the other instruments (aerosol lidar, cloud radar and spectral imager). It does this measurement at 10km scene size and in 3 view angles. It is an imaging radiometer in that it uses micro-bolometer linear-array detector (pushbroom orientation), to over-sample these required scenes, with the samples being binned on-ground to produce the 10km radiance data. For the measurements of total earth radiance, the BBR is based on the heritage of Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) instruments. The ground calibration methods of this type of sensor is technically very similar to other EO instruments that measure in the thermalIR, but with added challenges: (1) The thermal-IR measurement has to have a much wider spectral range than normal thermal-IR channels to cover the whole earth-emission spectrum i.e. ~4 to >50microns; (2) The 2nd channel (reflected solar radiance) must also have a broad response to cover almost the whole solar spectrum, i.e. ~0.3 to 4microns. And this solar channel must be measured on the same radiometric calibration as the thermal channel, which in practice is best done by using the same radiometer for both channels. The radiometer is designed to be very broad-band i.e. 0.3 to 50microns (i.e. more than two decades), to cover both ranges, and a switchable spectral filter (short-pass cutoff at 4μm) is used to separate the channels. The on-ground measurements which are required to link the calibration of these channels will be described. A calibration of absolute responsivity in each of the two bands is needed; in the thermal-IR channel this is by the normal method of using a calibrated blackbody test source, and in the solar channel it is by means of a narrow-band (laser) and a reference radiometer (from NPL). A calibration of relative spectral response is also needed, across this wide range, for the purpose of linking the two channels, and for converting the narrow-band solar channel measurement to broad-band.

Proceedings Article | 29 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The VUV instrument SPICE for Solar Orbiter: performance ground testing

Martin Caldwell, Nigel Morris, Douglas Griffin, Paul Eccleston, Mark Anderson, Carmen Pastor Santos, Davide Bruzzi, Samuel Tustain, Chris Howe, Jenny Davenne, Timothy Grundy, Roisin Speight, Sunil Sidher, Alessandra Giunta, Andrzej Fludra, Anne Philippon, Frederic Auchere, Don Hassler, Joseph Davila, William Thompson, Udo Schuehle, Stefan Meining, Buddy Walls, P. Phelan, Greg Dunn, Roman Klein, Thomas Reichel, Manfred Gyo, Grant Munro, William Holmes, Peter Doyle

Proceedings Volume 10397, 1039708 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272980

KEYWORDS: Vacuum ultraviolet, Imaging spectroscopy, Atmospheric plasma, Spectroscopes, Imaging systems, Atmospheric sciences, Sun, Spatial resolution, Instrument modeling, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

The Far Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (FIRSPEX): probing the lifecycle of the ISM in the universe

D. Rigopoulou, M. Caldwell, B. Ellison, C. Pearson, E. Caux, A. Cooray, J. Gallego, M. Gerin, J. Goicoechea, P. Goldsmith, C. Kramer, D. Lis, S. Molinari, V. Ossenkopf-Okada, G. Savini, B. Tan, X. Tielens, S. Viti, M. Wiedner, G. Yassin

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99042K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233593

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Galactic astronomy, Spectroscopy, Far infrared, Receivers, Clouds, Stars, Spectroscopy, Astronomy, Spectral resolution, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2015 Paper

Paper

Optical alignment of the SPICE EUV imaging spectrometer

Kevin Rogers, Martin Caldwell, Paul Eccleston, Doug Griffin, Paul Greenway, Andrzej Fludra, Kevin Middleton, Ian Tosh, Tony Richards, Anne Phillipon, Udo Schühle

Proceedings Volume 9626, 962621 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2191050

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Optical alignment, Extreme ultraviolet, Spectroscopy, Solar processes, Space operations, Telescopes, Sun, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

Paper

SPICE EUV spectrometer for the Solar Orbiter mission

A. Fludra, D. Griffin, M. Caldwell, P. Eccleston, J. Cornaby, D. Drummond, W. Grainger, P. Greenway, T. Grundy, C. Howe, C. McQuirk, K. Middleton, O. Poyntz-Wright, A. Richards, K. Rogers, C. Sawyer, B. Shaughnessy, S. Sidher, I. Tosh, S. Beardsley, G. Burton, A. Marshall, N. Waltham, S. Woodward, T. Appourchaux, A. Philippon, F. Auchere, E. Buchlin, A. Gabriel, J.-C. Vial, U. Schühle, W. Curdt, D. Innes, S. Meining, H. Peter, S. Solanki, L. Teriaca, M. Gyo, V. Büchel, M. Haberreiter, D. Pfiffner, W. Schmutz, M. Carlsson, S. Haugan, J. Davila, P. Jordan, W. Thompson, D. Hassler, B. Walls, C. Deforest, J. Hanley, J. Johnson, P. Phelan, L. Blecha, H. Cottard, G. Paciotti, N. Autissier, Y. Allemand, K. Relecom, G. Munro, A. Butler, R. Klein, A. Gottwald

Proceedings Volume 8862, 88620F (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2027581

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Solar processes, Spectroscopy, Space operations, Plasmas, Sun, Extreme ultraviolet, Space telescopes, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Project overview of OPTIMOS-EVE: the fibre-fed multi-object spectrograph for the E-ELT

Ramón Navarro, Fanny Chemla, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Hector Flores, Isabelle Guinouard, Jean-Michel Huet, Mathieu Puech, Frédéric Royer, Johannes Pragt, Gerben Wulterkens, Eric Sawyer, Martin Caldwell, Ian A. Tosh, Martin Whalley, Guy F. Woodhouse, Paolo Spanò, Paolo Di Marcantonio, Michael Andersen, Gavin Dalton, Lex Kaper, François Hammer

Proceedings Volume 7735, 77352L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857638

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Galactic astronomy, Spectral resolution, Telescopes, Stars, Near infrared, Astronomical imaging, Planets, Sensors, Spectroscopes

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Proceedings Article | 2 September 2009 Paper

Paper

The broadband radiometer on the EarthCARE spacecraft

Kotska Wallace, Nigel Wright, David Spilling, Kim Ward, Martin Caldwell

Proceedings Volume 7453, 74530H (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.825837

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Calibration, Mirrors, Radiometry, Point spread functions, Diffusers, Clouds, Microbolometers, Space telescopes, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 2 September 2009 Paper

Paper

The EarthCARE broadband radiometer detectors

Christian Proulx, Fraser Williamson, Martin Allard, Georges Baldenberger, David Gay, Sonia Garcia-Blanco, Patrice Côté, Louis Martin, Carl Larouche, Samir Ilias, Tim Pope, Martin Caldwell, Kim Ward, John Delderfield

Proceedings Volume 7453, 74530S (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.829935

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Indium oxide, Readout integrated circuits, Gold, Prototyping, Reflectivity, Radiometry, Electronics, Simulation of CCA and DLA aggregates

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 2006

Prototype optical bench instrument in the interferometer for the LISA–Pathfinder space mission

Kevin Middleton, Martin Caldwell, Ruben Edeson, C. Neeson, G. Munro, C. Eley, Michael Sandford, Claus Braxmaier, Ulrich Johann, Christian Killow, David Robertson, Harry Ward, James Hough, Gerhard Heinzel, V. Wand

OE, Vol. 45, Issue 12, 125601, (December 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2405348

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Optical benches, Optical alignment, Glasses, Photodiodes, Prototyping, Mirrors, Space operations, Interfaces, Optical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 28 June 2006 Paper

Paper

The VISTA infrared camera

G. Dalton, M. Caldwell, A. Ward, M. Whalley, G. Woodhouse, R. Edeson, P. Clark, S. Beard, A. Gallie, S. Todd, J. M. D. Strachan, N. Bezawada, W. Sutherland, J. Emerson

Proceedings Volume 6269, 62690X (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670018

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Telescopes, Sensors, Infrared cameras, Optical filters, Infrared telescopes, Mirrors, Staring arrays, Space telescopes, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2005 Paper

Paper

The Earth's outgoing longwave radiation spectrum as seen by REFIR

Maxwell Bolton, John Harries, Luca Palchetti, Rolando Rizzi, M. Caldwell

Proceedings Volume 5978, 59781E (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.627066

KEYWORDS: Polarizers, Sensors, Reflectivity, Transmittance, Interferometers, Signal detection, Absorption, Beam splitters, Mirrors, Far infrared

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2004 Paper

Paper

The VISTA IR camera

Gavin Dalton, Martin Caldwell, Kim Ward, Martin Whalley, Kevin Burke, John Lucas, Tony Richards, Marc Ferlet, Ruben Edeson, Daniel Tye, Bryan Shaughnessy, Mel Strachan, Eli Atad-Ettedgui, Melanie Leclerc, Angus Gallie, Nagaraja Bezawada, Paul Clark, Nirmal Bissonauth, Peter Luke, Nigel Dipper, Paul Berry, Will Sutherland, Jim Emerson

Proceedings Volume 5492, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551378

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Telescopes, Infrared cameras, Optical filters, Sensors, Imaging systems, Staring arrays, Mirrors, Bandpass filters, Infrared telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

LISA pathfinder optical interferometry

Claus Braxmaier, Gerhard Heinzel, Kevin Middleton, Martin Caldwell, W. Konrad, H. Stockburger, S. Lucarelli, Maurice te Plate, V. Wand, A. Garcia, F. Draaisma, J. Pijnenburg, D. Robertson, Christian Killow, Harry Ward, Karsten Danzmann, Ulrich Johann

Proceedings Volume 5500, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555266

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Nanoimprint lithography, Optical benches, Sensors, Zerodur, Interferometry, Optics manufacturing, Metrology, Optical interferometry, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Wavefront sensing within the VISTA infrared camera

Paul Clark, Paul Berry, Richard Bingham, Nirmal Bissonauth, Martin Caldwell, Nigel Dipper, Colin Dunlop, David Henry, Peter Luke, Richard Myers, David Robertson

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552033

KEYWORDS: Sensors, CCD image sensors, Cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Infrared cameras, Telescopes, Optical filters, Infrared sensors, Infrared telescopes, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Aspects of concurrent design during the VISTA IR camera detailed design phase

Martin Caldwell, Martin Whalley, Guy Woodhouse, Ruben Edeson, Kevin Burke, John Lucas, Bryan Shaughnessy, Tony Richards, Kim Ward, Gavin Dalton, Melanie Leclerc, Angus Gallie, Paul Clark

Proceedings Volume 5497, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.550907

KEYWORDS: Computer aided design, Solid modeling, Sensors, Infrared cameras, Cameras, Thermal modeling, Adaptive optics, Instrument modeling, Staring arrays, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Paper

A ground calibration facility for HERSCHEL-SPIRE

Patrick Collins, Peter Ade, Martin Caldwell, Marc Ferlet, Matthew Griffin, Peter Hargrave, Mark Harman, David Smith, Bruce Swinyard

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461568

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Device simulation, Calibration, Optical simulations, Mirrors, Black bodies, Space telescopes, Fourier transforms, Far infrared lasers, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Imaging FTS for Herschel SPIRE

Bruce Swinyard, Kjetil Dohlen, Didier Ferand, Jean-Paul Baluteau, Dominque Pouliquen, Pascal Dargent, Guy Michel, Jerome Martignac, Peter Ade, Peter Hargrave, Matthew Griffin, Donald Jennings, Martin Caldwell

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461529

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Fourier transforms, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Prototyping, Digital signal processing, Beam splitters, Telescopes, Calibration, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Beam pattern (diffraction) aspects in design of the SPIRE instrument

Martin Caldwell, Bruce Swinyard, Anthony Richards, Kjetil Dohlen

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.393975

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mirrors, Telescopes, Beam shaping, Space telescopes, Signal detection, Diffraction, Imaging systems, Wave propagation, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Paper

FIRST-SPIRE spectrometer: a novel imaging FTS for the submillimeter

Bruce Swinyard, Peter Ade, Matthew Griffin, Kjetil Dohlen, Jean-Paul Baluteau, Dominque Pouliquen, Diddier Ferand, Pascal Dargent, Guy Michel, Jerome Martignac, Louis Rodriguez, Donald Jennings, Martin Caldwell, Anthony Richards, Peter Hamilton, David Naylor

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.393967

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Fourier transforms, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Beam splitters, Spectral resolution, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Device simulation, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 21 December 1998 Paper

Paper

Onboard short-wavelength calibration monitor for the GERB instrument: progress

Peter Read, Martin Caldwell, D. Smart, David Smith, Eric Sawyer, C. Mutlow

Proceedings Volume 3498, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.333640

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Optical spheres, Aluminum, Integrating spheres, Diffusers, Silicon, Sun, Mirrors, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 November 1998 Paper

Paper

Optical design of the HIRDLS radiometer

Peter Gray, Ian Tosh, Martin Caldwell, Tony Richards

Proceedings Volume 3437, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.331314

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical filters, Diffraction, Image filtering, Mirrors, Stray light, Reflection, Atmospheric sensing, Germanium, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 30 October 1998 Paper

Paper

Modeling the affect of multiple beam clipping in FIR and submillimeter instrumentation: ISO-LWS and FIRST-SPIRE

Martin Caldwell, Bruce Swinyard, Peter Gray

Proceedings Volume 3426, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328467

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Mirrors, Instrument modeling, Beam propagation method, Point spread functions, Diffraction, Near field optics, Beam shaping, Spatial resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 1997

Application of a generalized diffraction analysis to the design of nonstandard Lyot-stop systems for earth limb viewing radiometers

Martin Caldwell, Peter Gray

OE, Vol. 36, Issue 10, (October 1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601506

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Sensors, Stray light, Radiometry, Composites, Point spread functions, Optical engineering, Earth's atmosphere, Defense and security, Imaging systems

Proceedings Article | 1 January 1997 Paper

Paper

Geostationary earth radiation budget

Ruzbeh Mossavati, Steve Kellock, Johannes Mueller, John Harries, J. Murray, Eric Sawyer, Martin Caldwell, M. Oliver, J. Delderfield, Michael Sandford

Proceedings Volume 3220, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.301142

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Solar radiation, Infrared radiation, Climatology, Solar energy, Sun, Thermography, Gases, Clouds, Solar radiation models

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The Earth Radiation Budget (ERB), the balance between the incoming solar radiation from the sun and the outgoing reflected and scattered solar radiation and the thermal infrared emission from the Earth, provides information on the fundamental energy source of the climate system. To fulfil global coverage and sampling requirements, the ERB measurements have to be made from space. Broad-band measurements are necessary because all spectral regions in both the solar and infrared contribute to the radiative fluxes. Satellite data are used in a wide range of basic studies of the radiative forcing of the climate, such as understanding the effects of variations in trace gases, clouds and the surface. They also provide essential validation for climate models. All such measurements to date have been made from satellites in low earth orbit (LEO). There are strong diurnal variations in the radiation budget, particularly over land, in response to the diurnal variation of solar heating. Four LEO satellites could provide coverage of the diurnal cycle with a temporal resolution of 3 hours. At least hourly measurements are needed to resolve the diurnal cycle of tropical convection properly, and no practicable system of polar orbiting or other LEO satellites can deliver this. From the above, it appears that the only viable solution to the problem of diurnal sampling of the Earth's radiation budget is the inclusion of suitable sensors on the geostationary satellites which would allow for an essentially perfect temporal sampling. Disadvantages include the fact that geostationary satellites are much further from the Earth than polar orbiters, which affects the instrumental design, and each one can only provide a limited coverage of the globe. The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget instrument (GERB) is a highly accurate visible-infrared radiometer designed to make unique measurements of the outgoing shortwave and longwave components of the Earth's Radiation Budget (ERB) from geostationary orbit. Such measurements have not been achieved previously, and are extremely important, because they will permit a rigorous test of our understanding of the diurnal variations in the ERB: this will enable improved operational weather monitoring and permit further important developments in climate change research. GERB will be launched on the (MSG) geostationary satellite in the year 2000. Both short-wave (0.32 - 4 micrometer) and total (0.32 - 30 micrometer) radiance measurements would be made, with longwave (4 - 30 micrometer) data obtained by subtraction. The accuracy requirements (1% short-wave and 0.5% longwave) are consistent with previous radiation budget measurements. The availability of GERB on MSG will also allow a more accurate calibration of the principal Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) operational sounding instrument, SEVIRI (Spinning, Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager).

Proceedings Article | 23 August 1996 Paper

Paper

Computer-aided modeling of beam propagation effects in diffraction-critical spaceborne instruments

Martin Caldwell, Peter Gray, Paul McNamara

Proceedings Volume 2774, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.246713

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Beam propagation method, Mirrors, Systems modeling, Gaussian beams, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Space operations, Space telescopes, Radiometry

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This talk concerns applications of a ray-trace model to the computation of the effect of diffraction on beam propagation. It reports the use of the technique in the design of apertures for space-borne instruments having critical diffraction properties. The modeling technique used is that of gaussian beam decomposition, a numerical beam propagation technique incorporated in a commercially available ray-trace program. The result is the powerful capability to model the optical field at any point, in systems of any geometry, with any amount of aberration. The technique is particularly useful for design problems where `non-imaging' effects are important, and examples of its use will be given. Although the computation requirements for such detailed analysis may seem daunting, the continuing increase in readily available computing power is now overcoming this drawback. The application here is to certain `diffraction-critical' situations, where the design of correctly sized apertures is needed for the control of unwanted diffraction effects. Three recent design studies are illustrated: (1) Millimeter wave imaging with off-axis reflectors. Analysis of the effects of aberration on coherent detection efficiency. (2) Long-distance beam propagation in space-borne laser interferometry. This involves the analysis of coherent detection efficiency in the presence of aberrated gaussian beams. (3) Design of a Lyot stop system for an infra-red radiometer which is to view the Earth's limb from space. Here the critical (and unwanted) diffraction is that from the bright Earth disc, lying just outside of the instrument field of view. The analysis technique is explained, and examples given of diffracted energy patterns analyzed at progressive stages in the system. It is shown how these aid the design and analysis of the systems. The aim is to show the range problems in which this method is useful, and to hopefully learn from others at the conference about other cases where such techniques have been used or else might be useful.

Proceedings Article | 1 September 1991 Paper

Paper

Recent advances in surface plasmon spatial light modulators

Martin Caldwell, Eric Yeatman

Proceedings Volume 1505, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.47011

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Plasmons, Liquid crystals, Modulation, Surface plasmons, Prisms, Silicon, Spatial resolution, Reflectivity, Amorphous silicon

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 1990 Paper

Paper

Optically addressed surface plasmon spatial light modulators

Martin Caldwell, Eric Yeatman

Proceedings Volume 1280, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.20666

KEYWORDS: Plasmons, Spatial light modulators, Surface plasmons, Modulation, Metals, Liquid crystals, Prisms, Dielectrics, Silicon, Interfaces

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Showing 5 of 36 publications

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